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Poverty, Injustice, and Inequality as Challenges for Christian Humanism
Editors: Schlag, Martin | Ortiz, Daniela
Soziale Orientierung, Vol. 27
(2018)
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Martin Schlag is Doctor iuris at the University of Vienna, Austria, and Doctor Theologiae at the Pontifical University Santa Croce, Rome. In 1996 he was ordained a priest of the Prelature of Opus Dei. From 2008 to 2017 professor for social moral theology at the Pontifical University Santa Croce, Rome, as well as cofounder and Director of its Research Centre Markets, Culture and Ethics. Since 2015 also professor for Business Ethics at the University Roma 2 Tor Vergata, and since 2016 at the IESE Business School in Barcelona. 2012 appointment as Consultant to the Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace. As of August 2017 Professor for Catholic Social Thought, Holder of the Alan W. Moss endowed Chair for Catholic Social Thought at the Center for Catholic Studies, University of St. Thomas (Minnesota), Director of the John A. Ryan Institute for Catholic Social Thought.Daniela Ortiz holds a PhD in Philosophy (Pontifical University of the Holy Cross/Rome) and a Master in Business Administration (University of Innsbruck/Austria). She is Senior Researcher and Lecturer at the »Research Cluster for SMEs and Family Business«, in the area of Corporate Governance and Business Ethics, at the FH Wien University of Applied Sciences for Management & Communication (Vienna). Her research interests include the ethical and anthropological foundations of the free market system, as well as the guiding principles of sustainable and ethical management. She has also worked on the institutional and individual conditions for effective public-private partnerships for poverty alleviation.Abstract
Both in religious and in secular culture there is an acute awareness that poverty, destitution, and misery should be eliminated, and that it is possible to achieve this goal. Despite this common aim, strategies for fighting poverty vary widely among the disciplines. This book interprets poverty in the light of Christian faith and ventures beyond the dual public-private model. Pope Francis has called on business leaders around the world to spread a new mindset in business that acknowledges the poor and the marginalized. In doing so, he deplores inequality and injustice. These concepts pose an intellectual challenge to Christian humanism, which the authors, leading scholars on the subject, take up. The book opens with a series of chapters on the economic dimensions of poverty, inequality, and injustice, and turns to the philosophical and theological aspects in its second part. Even though rigorously academic, the ideas in this book are transformative. The social market economy places the human person at the center of the economy, and it offers a model that can be implemented, under this or other names, in many parts of the world.Both in religious and in secular culture there is an acute awareness that poverty, destitution, and misery should be eliminated, and that it is possible to achieve this goal. Despite this common aim, strategies for fighting poverty vary widely among the disciplines. This book interprets poverty in the light of Christian faith and ventures beyond the dual public-private model. Pope Francis has called on business leaders around the world to spread a new mindset in business that acknowledges the poor and the marginalized. In doing so, he deplores inequality and injustice. These concepts pose an intellectual challenge to Christian humanism, which the authors, leading scholars on the subject, take up. The book opens with a series of chapters on the economic dimensions of poverty, inequality, and injustice, and turns to the philosophical and theological aspects in its second part. Even though rigorously academic, the ideas in this book are transformative. The social market economy places the human person at the center of the economy, and it offers a model that can be implemented, under this or other names, in many parts of the world.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Martin Schlag and Daniela Ortiz: Poverty, Injustice, and Inequality as Challenges for Christian Humanism | 5 | ||
| Bibliography | 8 | ||
| Inhaltsverzeichnis | 11 | ||
| Part I: Poverty | 13 | ||
| Roger Myerson: Public Political Capital for Economic Development | 15 | ||
| Abstract | 15 | ||
| I. An Economist's Appreciation of Political Capital | 15 | ||
| II. Summary of the Theory: Democratic Decentralization Encourages Better Leadership | 17 | ||
| III. Questions of Political Decentralization in Kenya | 18 | ||
| IV. Rethinking International Assistance | 21 | ||
| Bibliography | 21 | ||
| Joseph Kaboski: Christian Humanism and Poverty in the World | 23 | ||
| Abstract | 23 | ||
| I. Defining Poverty | 23 | ||
| 1. Progress in the Fight Against Poverty | 25 | ||
| 2. The Role of Economic Growth | 27 | ||
| II. Understanding the Problem of Poverty | 28 | ||
| III. Poverty and Happiness | 30 | ||
| IV. Conclusion | 32 | ||
| Bibliography | 32 | ||
| Gerhard Kruip: Ethical and Theological Aspects of Poverty According to Pope Francis | 35 | ||
| Abstract | 35 | ||
| I. Primacy of Orthopraxis | 36 | ||
| II. Option for the Poor | 37 | ||
| III. Overcoming the “Structures of Sin” | 39 | ||
| IV. The Church as People of God Serving the Poor | 41 | ||
| V. Global Justice | 42 | ||
| Bibliography | 46 | ||
| Marcelo F. Resico: Poverty, its Causes and Orientations to Remedy. A Social Market Economy Point of View | 49 | ||
| Abstract | 49 | ||
| I. The Short-Term Macro Challenge: Lessons from the Great Recession | 49 | ||
| II. Responding to the Problem of the Global Market Adjustment Process | 51 | ||
| III. The Human Dimension of Technology: Pace of Change and Decentralization | 52 | ||
| IV. Strengthening the Productive Capacities of the SMEs | 54 | ||
| V. The Necessary Expansion in the Provision of Public Goods in the Developing World | 56 | ||
| VI. Structural Barriers of Public Policy in Developing Countries | 57 | ||
| VII. A Global Social Market Economy: Economy and Institutions | 59 | ||
| Bibliography | 61 | ||
| Part II: Injustice and Inequality | 65 | ||
| Maria Sophia Aguirre: Inequality and Growth: Exploring a Relational Dimension | 67 | ||
| Abstract | 67 | ||
| I. Introduction | 67 | ||
| II. Types of Economic Inequalities Other than Income | 69 | ||
| III. Relational Dimension of Inequality and Integral Economic Development Framework | 75 | ||
| IV. Agency vs. Integral Economic Development at the Household Level | 77 | ||
| V. Conclusion | 79 | ||
| Bibliography | 80 | ||
| Daniel Haun: Through the Eyes of Children: A Developmental Psychologist's View on Fairness | 85 | ||
| Abstract | 85 | ||
| I. Deep roots of the human sense of fairness | 85 | ||
| ll. Cultural variation in children's sense of fairness | 89 | ||
| Bibliography | 92 | ||
| Bruce D. Baker: Gleaning as a Transformational Business Model for Solidarity with the Poor and Marginalized | 95 | ||
| Abstract | 95 | ||
| Overview of Biblical References to Gleaning | 96 | ||
| Commentary on Gleaning | 97 | ||
| Theological Interpretation of Gleaning as a Business Practice: Gleaning in the Pentateuch | 100 | ||
| Gleaning in the Prophets | 104 | ||
| Gleaning in the Book of Ruth | 105 | ||
| Implications for Business | 107 | ||
| Conclusion: Transformational Business Models | 109 | ||
| Bibliography | 111 | ||
| Brian Griffiths: The Challenge of Inequality | 115 | ||
| Abstract | 115 | ||
| I. Empirical Evidence on Equality and Inequality | 115 | ||
| Reasons for Growing Inequality | 117 | ||
| II. The Paradox of Increasing Equality, Increasing Poverty and Increasing Social Exclusion | 118 | ||
| III. Equality and Diversity in Creation | 120 | ||
| IV. A Political Economy of Economic Justice and Social Inclusion | 121 | ||
| V. Jesus and the Early Church | 123 | ||
| VI. A Personal View | 125 | ||
| VII. Policy Issues regarding Inequality and the Market Economy | 126 | ||
| VIII. Three Policy Initiatives for Tackling Exclusion | 127 | ||
| IX. Conclusion | 128 | ||
| Bibliography | 128 | ||
| Martin Schlag: Justice and Partiality for the Poor and Marginalized | 131 | ||
| Abstract | 131 | ||
| I. Justice and Gift | 131 | ||
| II. The Preferential Option for the Poor | 133 | ||
| III. Preference and Impartiality | 136 | ||
| IV. How Can We Apply a Preferential Option for the Poor in the Real World of Business and in Economics? | 136 | ||
| 1. Epistemological conversion | 137 | ||
| 2. Solidarity as Love of the Common Good, Global Justice | 138 | ||
| 3. Social Justice (Entitlement) and Charity are not Alternatives; they Require each Other | 140 | ||
| Bibliography | 141 | ||
| John Buchmann: Whose Injustice? Which Inequality? | 143 | ||
| Abstract | 143 | ||
| Introduction | 143 | ||
| I. Two Trajectories | 145 | ||
| 1. Relative Equality and Post-Conciliar Catholic Social Teaching | 145 | ||
| 2. Participation, Or Equality of Opportunity | 147 | ||
| II. A Third Trajectory | 149 | ||
| 1. The Leonine Tradition | 151 | ||
| 2. The Turning Point? | 156 | ||
| 3. Benedict XVI and Francis: Renewing the Quest for Praxis | 158 | ||
| Conclusion | 162 | ||
| Bibliography | 162 | ||
| Arnd Küppers: Equality in Catholic Social Teaching and the Concept of Social Justice | 165 | ||
| Abstract | 165 | ||
| I. Egalitarianism and its View on Equality/Inequality | 165 | ||
| 1. John Rawls and the Egalitarian Concept of Justice | 165 | ||
| 2. The Criticism Against Egalitarianism | 167 | ||
| II. Equality and Inequality in Catholic Social Teaching and its Concept of Social Justice | 170 | ||
| 1. The Postconciliar Understanding of Justice | 170 | ||
| 2. Pope Francis on Inequality and Justice | 172 | ||
| III. Conclusion | 175 | ||
| Bibliography | 176 | ||
| Part III: Case studies | 179 | ||
| Domènec Melé, Alejandro Moreno-Salamanca and Juan Manuel Parra: A Hybrid Corporate Community Involvement in an Impoverished Neighborhood: Analysis of a Case Study from the Catholic Social Teaching Perspective | 181 | ||
| Abstract | 181 | ||
| I. Introduction | 181 | ||
| II. Case Description | 183 | ||
| 1. The Socio-Economic Context in Which EPM Operates | 183 | ||
| 2. Two Programs for a Slum Neighborhood | 186 | ||
| 3. Economic and Social Outcomes | 187 | ||
| III. Evaluation of the Project Through the Perspective of CST Principles | 189 | ||
| IV. Discussion | 191 | ||
| V. Conclusion | 193 | ||
| Bibliography | 194 | ||
| Odra Angélica Saucedo Delgado: The moral content of the reciprocity systems amongst poor families: A case study in three townships located within Mexico City's metropolitan area | 195 | ||
| Abstract | 195 | ||
| I. Introduction | 195 | ||
| II. Research setting | 197 | ||
| 1. Nezahualcóyotl | 197 | ||
| 2. La Paz (Los Reyes) | 197 | ||
| 3. Ixtapaluca | 198 | ||
| 4. Marginalization and Poverty in the Fieldwork Research Site | 198 | ||
| III. Data Collection Method | 201 | ||
| 1. Characteristics of the Households Interviewed | 202 | ||
| IV. Mexican Poor Households' System of Reciprocity | 203 | ||
| 1. Current Poor Households' Livelihood Strategies | 204 | ||
| 2. The Systems of Reciprocity in Mexico | 205 | ||
| a) The Mexican Family | 206 | ||
| b) Intra-household social relations | 207 | ||
| V. Conclusions | 208 | ||
| Bibliography | 209 | ||
| Short bios | 211 | ||
| Index of Names | 213 | ||
| Subject Index | 215 |