German Yearbook of International Law / Jahrbuch für Internationales Recht
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German Yearbook of International Law / Jahrbuch für Internationales Recht
Vol. 49 (2006)
Editors: Delbrück, Jost | Giegerich, Thomas | Zimmermann, Andreas
German Yearbook of International Law / Jahrbuch für Internationales Recht, Vol. 49
(2007)
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Abstract
The German Yearbook of International Law was founded in 1948 as the "Jahrbuch für Internationales Recht" by Rudolf Laun and Hermann von Mangoldt and is now edited by the Institute for International Law at the University of Kiel. Since its inception it has endeavoured to contribute to the development of international law. Originally it has done this mainly by providing German scholars with an opportunity to publish the results of their works, but increasingly also by offering an international forum.In view of the desirability of obtaining for the Yearbook the largest possible international audience, the editors in 1976 have decided to use the present English title and to accept for publication preferably contributions written in English, or - to a lesser degree - in French. Naturally, the Yearbook also contains contributions written in German. This policy to overcome traditional language barriers appears to have proven successful both in informing the international law community about research done in German academic institutions and in presenting international viewpoints on various topics to the German audience.The Yearbook provides an annual report on the work of internatioal organizations and bodies including the International Court of Justice and the European Court and Commission of Human Rights. Fully aware of the paramount importance of practical aspects in this field, the editors from the beginning also have sought to include contributions from practitioners of international law.
Table of Contents
Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
---|---|---|---|
Contents | 5 | ||
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS | 9 | ||
FORUM | 17 | ||
Heike Krieger: A Nuclear Test for Multilateralism – Challenges to the Non-Proliferation Treaty as a Means of Arms Control | 17 | ||
A. Introduction: Changes in Arms Control Law | 17 | ||
B. The Non-Proliferation Treaty in Crisis | 20 | ||
I. The Non-Proliferation Treaty of 1968 | 20 | ||
II. Structural Deficits within the Treaty | 21 | ||
1. Lack of Universality: De Facto Nuclear Weapon States | 21 | ||
2. Lack of Reciprocity: Disarmament Obligations of Nuclear Weapon States | 22 | ||
3. Lack of Compliance | 24 | ||
a) The Case of Iran | 25 | ||
b) The Case of North Korea | 26 | ||
4. Compliance and the Verification System | 27 | ||
5. Compliance and the Problem of Withdrawal | 29 | ||
C. Counter-proliferation as a Means for Enforcement | 32 | ||
I. Bypassing the Non-Proliferation Treaty through Counter-proliferation | 33 | ||
II. A Remedy for Dysfunctional Multilateralism? | 35 | ||
1. Network Structures as a Means to Reform International Law | 35 | ||
2. Network Structures and US Hegemony in Arms Control | 36 | ||
3. Benefits of Multilateral Treaty-based Arms Control | 38 | ||
D. On the Road Back to Effective Multilateralism | 40 | ||
I. Quasi-Legislation through the Security Council | 41 | ||
1. SC Res. 1540 | 41 | ||
2. The Resolution’s Legality | 42 | ||
a) Circumvention of Consent? | 42 | ||
b) The Veto Power and Legitimacy | 44 | ||
II. Enforcing Multilateral Treaties through the Security Council | 47 | ||
E. A Turning Point? | 49 | ||
Dagmar Richter: Does International Jurisprudence Matter in Germany? – The Federal Constitutional Court’s New Doctrine of “Factual Precedent” | 51 | ||
A. Introduction | 51 | ||
I. Adopting International Law – Second Phase | 51 | ||
II. Facts and History of the Case | 51 | ||
III. Minding LaGrand: Germany’s Risk of Shifting from a Victim’s into an Offender’s Role | 53 | ||
B. The ICJ’s Guidelines on the Effective Protection of Consular Rights in National Law | 56 | ||
C. The FCC’s Strategy to Integrate ICJ Judgments into the German Legal Order | 59 | ||
D. Looking back to Görgülü: Has the Chamber Deviated from Previous Jurisprudence? | 64 | ||
E. Some Critical Comments | 68 | ||
I. Does Adherence to International Jurisprudence Require a Specific Constitutional Mandate? | 68 | ||
II. On “Factual” and other Precedents | 68 | ||
III. Does the Obligation to “Consider” International Jurisprudence Depend on the Recognition of the ICJ’s Jurisdiction? | 70 | ||
F. An Integral Theory on Consideration | 70 | ||
I. The Legislative Mandate to Apply International Law Extends to International Jurisprudence | 71 | ||
II. The Status of International Law as Interpreted by International Courts in German Law | 73 | ||
G. Conclusio | 75 | ||
FOCUS SECTION: THE INTERNATIONAL LAW COMMISSION: SIXTY YEARS OF PROGRESS IN CODIFICATION | 77 | ||
Christian Tomuschat: The International Law Commission – An Outdated Institution? | 77 | ||
A. Introductory Observations | 77 | ||
B. The Composition | 79 | ||
I. Regional Composition | 79 | ||
II. The ILC as a Lawyers’ Body | 81 | ||
C. The Balance Sheet | 83 | ||
I. Treaties | 84 | ||
II. Declarations, Principles, Guidelines | 92 | ||
D. Future Work | 100 | ||
E. Working Methods | 101 | ||
F. Concluding Observations | 104 | ||
Sir Franklin Berman: The ILC within the UN’s Legal Framework: Its Relationship with the Sixth Committee | 107 | ||
A. The Charter | 107 | ||
B. The Statute | 109 | ||
I. Elections | 109 | ||
II. Independence; Accreditation as National Delegates | 110 | ||
C. The ILC’s Annual Report | 112 | ||
D. The Sixth Committee Debate | 116 | ||
E. GA Resolutions on the Work of the ILC | 120 | ||
F. The State of the Relationship | 125 | ||
G. “Progressive Development” v. “Codification” | 127 | ||
Oliver Dörr: Codifying and Developing Meta-Rules: The ILC and the Law of Treaties | 129 | ||
A. Law of Treaties between States | 131 | ||
I. Conclusion of Treaties | 132 | ||
II. Obligations Prior to the Entry into Force of a Treaty | 133 | ||
III. Reservations | 135 | ||
1. What Is a “Reservation?” | 137 | ||
2. Admissibility of Reservations | 138 | ||
3. Validity of Reservations – The Legal Effects of Objections | 140 | ||
4. Reservations in Particular Treaty Regimes | 142 | ||
IV. Interpretation | 143 | ||
V. Ius Cogens | 147 | ||
VI. Termination of Treaties | 151 | ||
B. Law of Treaties of International Organizations | 154 | ||
C. Law of State Succession in Respect of Treaties | 158 | ||
D. Summa | 163 | ||
Helmut Philipp Aust: Through the Prism of Diversity – The Articles on State Responsibility in the Light of the ILC Fragmentation Report | 165 | ||
A. Introduction | 165 | ||
B. Responsibility and Fragmentation | 168 | ||
I. State Responsibility and the Unity of International Law | 168 | ||
II. The Phenomenon of Fragmentation | 172 | ||
C. Structural Decisions for the Preservation of Unity: Strengths and Weaknesses | 175 | ||
I. The Distinction Between Primary and Secondary Rules | 175 | ||
II. The Role of Fault in State Responsibility | 177 | ||
III. Lex Specialis and Self-Contained Regimes | 180 | ||
1. Art. 55: Lex Specialis and the Residual Character of the ILC Articles | 180 | ||
2. Self-Contained Regimes | 182 | ||
3. The Uses of General Rules: Two Examples | 185 | ||
a) The European Convention on Human Rights | 186 | ||
b) The World Trade Organization | 187 | ||
IV. Aggravated Responsibility: Diverting or Unifying State Responsibility? | 189 | ||
1. The Rules on “Serious Breaches” | 189 | ||
2. The Invocation and Implementation of Responsibility by States Other than Injured States | 193 | ||
D. Conclusion | 196 | ||
Roger O’Keefe: The ILC’s Contribution to International Criminal Law | 201 | ||
A. Principles of International Law Recognized in the Charter of the Nürnberg Tribunal and in the Judgment of the Tribunal | 203 | ||
B. Draft Code of Crimes against the Peace and Security of Mankind | 218 | ||
C. Draft Statute for an International Criminal Court | 234 | ||
D. Draft Articles on the Prevention and Punishment of Crimes against Diplomatic Agents and other Internationally Protected Persons | 252 | ||
GENERAL ARTICLES | 259 | ||
Maurice Kamto: Les moyens de preuve devant la Cour internationale de Justice à la lumière de quelques affaires récentes portées devant elle | 259 | ||
A. Introduction | 259 | ||
B. Pouvoirs de la Cour en matière d’admission et d’appréciation des moyens de preuve | 261 | ||
I. Pouvoir d’admission des preuves | 262 | ||
II. Pouvoir d’appréciation des éléments de preuve | 263 | ||
1. La tentation de l’intime conviction | 263 | ||
2. L’affirmation d’une méthodologie basée sur un examen détaillé et organisé des faits de chaque espèce | 265 | ||
C. Difficultés liées à l’administration de la preuve | 267 | ||
I. Difficultés liées aux types de moyens de preuve | 268 | ||
1. Le matériau cartographique | 268 | ||
2. La descente sur les lieux | 275 | ||
3. Les textes coloniaux, éléments de preuve du « titre colonial » ou titres juridiques ? | 278 | ||
4. Témoignages, affidavits et sommations interpellatives | 279 | ||
5. Les consultations sollicitées des spécialistes | 284 | ||
II. Difficultés liées à l’accès aux éléments de preuve | 285 | ||
D. Rapport de la preuve au temps | 287 | ||
I. Exigence de la contemporanéité des éléments de preuve | 287 | ||
II. Preuve et date critique | 288 | ||
E. Conclusion | 291 | ||
Oliver Diggelmann: Fault in the Law of State Responsibility – Pragmatism ad infinitum? | 293 | ||
A. Introduction | 293 | ||
B. General Considerations | 294 | ||
I. A Settled Debate? | 294 | ||
II. Aim of this Contribution | 296 | ||
C. Causes of the Present Situation | 297 | ||
I. The ILC’s Working Method | 297 | ||
II. Jurisprudence | 298 | ||
III. Substance of the Issue | 300 | ||
D. Consequences of the Approach Adopted by the ILC | 301 | ||
I. Application of Primary Rules | 301 | ||
II. Law-making | 304 | ||
E. Concluding Remark | 304 | ||
Jasper Finke: Competing Jurisdiction of International Courts and Tribunals in Light of the MOX Plant Dispute | 307 | ||
A. Introduction | 307 | ||
B. Categories of Conflicts Between International Courts and Tribunals | 310 | ||
C. Facts and Background of the MOX Plant Dispute | 319 | ||
D. The Reasoning of the ECJ | 323 | ||
E. Final Remarks | 325 | ||
Alexander Orakhelashvili: State Immunity and International Public Order Revisited | 327 | ||
A. Introduction | 327 | ||
B. The Decisions | 328 | ||
I. Litigation before Greek and German Courts Regarding the Distomo Massacre | 328 | ||
II. Litigation before Canadian Courts | 329 | ||
III. Litigation before English Courts | 330 | ||
IV. Litigation before Italian Courts | 331 | ||
C. The Scope of State Immunity | 331 | ||
D. State Immunity and the Sources of International Law | 338 | ||
E. State Immunity and the Hierarchy of Norms | 343 | ||
I. General Aspects | 343 | ||
II. Art. 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights | 344 | ||
III. Art. 14 of the United Nations Torture Convention | 348 | ||
IV. Peremptory Norms | 353 | ||
F. Concluding Remarks | 363 | ||
Roland Bank and Elke Schwager: Is there a Substantive Right to Compensation for Individual Victims of Armed Conflicts against a State under International Law? | 367 | ||
A. Introduction | 367 | ||
B. Reparation for Violations of International Humanitarian Law | 371 | ||
I. Traditional Approach: No Individual Rights under International Humanitarian Law | 372 | ||
II. Mixed Approach: Differentiation between Primary and Secondary Rights | 376 | ||
III. Individualized Approach: Individual Rights to Compensation | 377 | ||
1. Art. 3 of the Hague Convention IV | 377 | ||
2. Individual Rights as Secondary Rights in Peace Treaties and Security Council Resolutions | 380 | ||
3. Individual Rights as Secondary Rights in International Jurisprudence | 383 | ||
IV. Discussion of the Various Approaches | 385 | ||
1. The Wording of Norms of International Humanitarian Law | 385 | ||
2. The Interpretation of Norms of International Humanitarian Law in the Light of their Object and Purpose | 387 | ||
3. No Individual Right Without an Individual Remedy? | 392 | ||
4. Secondary Right | 393 | ||
C. International Human Rights Law | 398 | ||
I. Applicability of Human Rights Law in Situations of Armed Conflict | 398 | ||
II. Norms Explicitly Granting an Individual Right to Compensation | 399 | ||
III. A General Obligation to Compensate for Violations as Part of the Right to an Effective Remedy | 401 | ||
IV. Applicability of the Norms providing for Compensation in Times of an Armed Conflict | 403 | ||
D. Special Situation of Mass Violations | 404 | ||
I. Practice of States and International Bodies | 405 | ||
II. Some Reflections on Legal Arguments for a Modification of the Contents of Individual Reparations Claims in Mass Claims Situations | 406 | ||
E. Conclusions | 410 | ||
Patrick Dumberry: The Controversial Issue of State Succession to International Responsibility Revisited in Light of Recent State Practice | 413 | ||
A. Introduction | 413 | ||
B. The Traditional Doctrine of Non-Succession | 415 | ||
C. An Alternative Approach to the Issue | 418 | ||
D. State Practice in the Context where the Predecessor State Ceases to Exist after the Date of Succession | 421 | ||
I. The Integration of the German Democratic Republic in the Federal Republic of Germany (1990) | 421 | ||
1. The Restitution/Compensation for Expropriated Property in the German Democratic Republic | 422 | ||
2. The 1992 Agreement for the Settlement of Property Claims between the Federal Republic of Germany and the United States | 425 | ||
II. The Gabčíkovo-Nagymaros Project Case (1997) in the Context of the Dissolution of Czechoslovakia (1992) | 427 | ||
III. The Dissolution of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1991–1992) | 429 | ||
1. The 2001 Agreement on Succession Issues between the Successor States | 430 | ||
2. The Tokic v. Government of Yugoslavia Case | 431 | ||
E. State Practice in the Context where the Predecessor State Continues to Exist after the Date of Succession | 432 | ||
I. State Practice in the Context of the Break-up of the USSR | 433 | ||
1. The Pillage of Works of Art and Cultural Property in Germany during and after the Second World War | 435 | ||
2. Measures of Expropriation of French Bonds after the 1917 Revolution | 436 | ||
II. State Practice in the Context of the Independence of Namibia in 1991 | 437 | ||
1. Art. 140 para. 3 of the Namibian Constitution | 438 | ||
2. The Case of Minister of Defence, Namibia v. Mwandinghi | 439 | ||
F. Conclusion | 444 | ||
REPORTS | 449 | ||
Sara Jötten und Felix Machts: Die Rechtsprechung des Internationalen Gerichtshofes im Jahre 2006 | 449 | ||
A. Einleitung | 449 | ||
B. Die im Jahre 2006 anhängigen Verfahren im Überblick | 451 | ||
C. Fall betreffend bewaffnete Aktivitäten auf dem Gebiet des Kongo (neuer Antrag: 2002) (Demokratische Republik Kongo v. Republik Ruanda) | 454 | ||
I. Hintergrund des Falles und Anträge der Parteien | 455 | ||
II. Rechtliche Erwägungen des Gerichtshofes im Urteil | 457 | ||
1. Forum prorogatum-Doktrin und Anordnung vom 10. Juli 2002 | 458 | ||
2. Art. IX der Völkermordkonvention | 459 | ||
3. Art. 22 des Internationalen Übereinkommens gegen Rassendiskriminierung (CERD) | 463 | ||
4. Weitere Zuständigkeitsgründe | 463 | ||
III. Entscheidungsformel | 465 | ||
IV. Abweichende Meinungen, Erklärungen und Sondervoten | 465 | ||
1. Abweichende Meinung von Richter Koroma | 465 | ||
2. Abweichende Meinung von ad hoc-Richter Mavungu | 467 | ||
3. Sondervotum der Richter Higgins, Kooijmans, Elaraby, Owada und Simma | 467 | ||
4. Sondervotum von Richter Al-Khasawneh | 468 | ||
5. Sondervotum von ad hoc-Richter Dugard | 468 | ||
6. Erklärung von Richter Kooijmans | 469 | ||
7. Erklärung von Richter Elaraby | 469 | ||
D. Fall über Papierfabriken am Fluss Uruguay (Argentinien v. Uruguay) | 470 | ||
I. Hintergrund des Falles und Anträge der Parteien | 470 | ||
II. Rechtliche Erwägungen des Gerichtshofes | 471 | ||
III. Entscheidungsformel | 473 | ||
IV. Erklärung, Sondervoten und abweichende Meinung | 473 | ||
1. Erklärung von Richter Ranjeva | 473 | ||
2. Sondervotum von Richter Abraham | 473 | ||
3. Sondervotum von Richter Bennouna | 474 | ||
4. Abweichende Meinung von ad hoc-Richter Vinuesa | 474 | ||
E. Ausblick | 474 | ||
Dörte Herrmann und Eva Linde: Die Rechtsprechung des Europäischen Gerichtshofes für Menschenrechte im Jahre 2006 | 477 | ||
A. Einleitung | 477 | ||
B. Zulässigkeitsvoraussetzungen | 478 | ||
I. Jurisdiktion eines Vertragsstaates | 478 | ||
II. Zulässigkeit nach Art. 34 Satz 1 | 479 | ||
III. Zulässigkeit nach Art. 35 | 480 | ||
C. Materielle Bestimmungen | 482 | ||
I. Das Recht auf Leben, Art. 2 | 482 | ||
II. Das Verbot von Folter und unmenschlicher Behandlung, Art. 3 | 485 | ||
III. Das Verbot der Sklaverei und der Zwangsarbeit, Art. 4 | 488 | ||
IV. Das Recht auf Freiheit und Sicherheit, Art. 5 | 489 | ||
1. Die Rechtmäßigkeit der Haft, Art. 5 Abs. 1 | 489 | ||
2. Das Recht auf Mitteilung der Gründe der Festnahme, Art. 5 Abs. 2 | 491 | ||
3. Richterliche Vorführung und Haftdauer, Art. 5 Abs. 3 | 491 | ||
4. Das Recht auf Haftprüfung, Art. 5 Abs. 4 | 493 | ||
V. Verfahrensgarantien, Art. 6 | 493 | ||
1. Anwendbarkeit des Art. 6 | 493 | ||
2. Verfahrensgarantien des Art. 6 Abs. 1 | 495 | ||
a) Anforderungen an das nationale Gericht, Art. 6 Abs. 1 | 495 | ||
aa) Das Recht auf Zugang zu einem Gericht | 495 | ||
bb) Unabhängigkeit und Unbefangenheit des auf Gesetz beruhenden Gerichts | 497 | ||
cc) Das Recht auf öffentliche Anhörung | 498 | ||
dd) Recht auf Entscheidung in angemessener Frist | 499 | ||
b) Grundsätze des fairen Verfahrens, Art. 6 Abs. 1 | 500 | ||
3. Die Unschuldsvermutung, Art. 6 Abs. 2 | 502 | ||
4. Die Verfahrensgarantien für den Beschuldigten, Art. 6 Abs. 3 | 502 | ||
VI. Keine Strafe ohne Gesetz, Art. 7 | 504 | ||
VII. Die Freiheitsrechte | 505 | ||
1. Die einzelnen Schutzbereiche | 505 | ||
a) Recht auf Achtung des Privat- und Familienlebens, Art. 8 | 505 | ||
b) Gedanken-, Gewissens- und Religionsfreiheit, Art. 9 | 509 | ||
c) Freiheit der Meinungsäußerung, Art. 10 | 510 | ||
d) Versammlungs- und Vereinigungsfreiheit, Art. 11 | 511 | ||
2. Rechtfertigung, gemeinsame Merkmale der Art. 8–11 | 512 | ||
VIII. Das Recht auf wirksame Beschwerde, Art. 13 | 513 | ||
IX. Verbot der Diskriminierung, Art. 14 | 515 | ||
X. Eigentumsschutz, Art. 1 ZP I | 517 | ||
XI. Recht auf Bildung, Art. 2 ZP I | 519 | ||
XII. Recht auf Wahlen, Art. 3 ZP I | 520 | ||
XIII. Freizügigkeit und Ausreisefreiheit, Art. 2 ZP IV | 522 | ||
D. Sonstige Bestimmungen | 522 | ||
I. Die wirksame Ausübung von Rechten, Art. 34 Satz 2 | 522 | ||
II. Streichung von Beschwerden, Art. 37 | 523 | ||
E. Folgen einer Konventionsverletzung | 524 | ||
I. Gerechte Entschädigung nach Art. 41 | 524 | ||
II. Weitere Folgen nach Art. 46 | 526 | ||
Björn Elberling: The Work of the International Criminal Court in 2006 | 529 | ||
A. Introduction | 529 | ||
B. Developments in the Institutional Structure of the Court | 529 | ||
C. Exterior Relations of the Court | 531 | ||
D. Overview of Situations and Cases before the Court | 532 | ||
I. The Situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Case against Thomas Lubanga Dyilo | 532 | ||
II. The Situation in Uganda and the Case against Joseph Kony et al. | 535 | ||
III. The Situation in Darfur, Sudan | 536 | ||
IV. The Situation in the Central African Republic | 538 | ||
V. Other Situations Referred to the Court | 539 | ||
E. The Court’s Pronouncements on Legal Questions | 540 | ||
I. Challenges to the Jurisdiction of the Court | 540 | ||
II. Questions Concerning the Impartiality of Judges | 540 | ||
III. Procedural Questions/The Relative Position of the Court Organs | 542 | ||
IV. Participation of Victims in the Proceedings | 544 | ||
V. Disclosure and Limits to Disclosure | 545 | ||
VI. Pre-Trial Release | 547 | ||
F. Conclusion and Outlook | 548 | ||
Jonas S. Dörschner und Simon Hentrei: Die Rechtsprechung des Internationalen Strafgerichtshofes für das ehemalige Jugoslawien im Jahre 2006 | 549 | ||
A. Einleitung | 549 | ||
B. Änderungen der rechtlichen Grundlagen sowie der Zusammensetzung des Tribunals | 550 | ||
I. Änderungen des Statuts | 550 | ||
II. Änderungen der Verfahrens- und Beweisregeln (VerfO) | 550 | ||
III. Änderungen der personellen Zusammensetzung des Tribunals | 551 | ||
C. Verfahren vor dem Tribunal | 551 | ||
I. Vorverfahren | 551 | ||
1. Anklageänderungen | 551 | ||
a) Das Verfahren gegen Rasim Delić | 551 | ||
b) Das Verfahren gegen Gotovina et al. („Operation Storm“) | 552 | ||
c) Das Verfahren gegen Dragomir Milošević | 553 | ||
2. Anklageverbindungen | 553 | ||
3. Verweisungen von Verfahren gemäß Regel 11bis VerfO | 554 | ||
II. Urteile und Verfahren der ersten Instanz | 556 | ||
1. Verfahren | 556 | ||
a) Das Verfahren gegen Vojislav Šešelj | 556 | ||
b) Das Verfahren gegen Milan Lukic und Sredoje Lukic | 557 | ||
c) Das Verfahren gegen Popović et al. | 558 | ||
d) Das Verfahren gegen Vlastimir Milutinovic et al. | 558 | ||
2. Urteile | 559 | ||
a) Urteil im Verfahren gegen Iviica Marijačić und Markica Rebić | 559 | ||
aa) Strafrechtliche Verantwortlichkeit der Angeklagten | 559 | ||
bb) Strafzumessung | 560 | ||
b) Urteil im Verfahren gegen Enver Hadžihasanović und Amir Kubura | 561 | ||
aa) Chapeau des Art. 3 | 562 | ||
bb) Einzelne Straftatbestände | 562 | ||
cc) Strafrechtliche Verantwortlichkeit der Angeklagten nach Art. 7 | 563 | ||
dd) Strafzumessung | 565 | ||
c) Strafzumessungsurteil im Verfahren gegen Ivica Rajic | 565 | ||
d) Urteil im Verfahren gegen Naser Orić | 567 | ||
aa) Anklagepunkte eins und zwei | 567 | ||
bb) Anklagepunkte drei und fünf | 568 | ||
cc) Strafzumessung | 569 | ||
e) Urteil im Verfahren gegen Momćilo Krajišnik | 570 | ||
aa) Einzelne Straftatbestände | 571 | ||
bb) Strafrechtliche Verantwortlichkeit | 571 | ||
cc) Strafzumessung | 572 | ||
III. Urteile der Berufungsinstanz | 573 | ||
1. Verfahren gegen Milomir Stakić | 573 | ||
a) Berufungsgründe der Anklage | 573 | ||
b) Joint Criminal Enterprise | 574 | ||
c) Berufungsgründe der Verteidigung | 574 | ||
d) Ergebnis | 576 | ||
2. Verfahren gegen Mladen Naletilić (Tuta) und Vinko Martinović (Stela) | 577 | ||
a) Gemeinsame Berufungsgründe | 577 | ||
b) Berufungsgründe der Anklagebehörde | 578 | ||
c) Berufungsgründe von Mladen Naletilić | 579 | ||
d) Berufungsgründe von Vinko Martinović | 579 | ||
e) Kumulative Verurteilung | 579 | ||
f) Strafzumessung | 580 | ||
3. Verfahren gegen Momir Nikolić | 581 | ||
4. Verfahren gegen Ivica Marijačić und Markica Rebić | 582 | ||
5. Verfahren gegen Stanislav Galić | 584 | ||
D. Ausblick | 585 | ||
Matthias Bickel, Dana Ruddigkeit und Jürgen Bering: Die Rechtsprechung der WTO-Streitbeilegungsgremien im Jahre 2006 | 587 | ||
A. Einführung | 587 | ||
B. Die einzelnen Entscheidungen | 588 | ||
I. Allgemeines Zoll- und Handelsabkommen (GATT 1994) | 589 | ||
1. Mexico – Tax Measures on Soft Drinks and Other Beverages | 590 | ||
2. European Communities – Selected Customs Matters | 594 | ||
II. Übereinkommen über die Anwendung gesundheitspolizeilicher und pflanzenschutzrechtlicher Maßnahmen (SPS-Übereinkommen) | 600 | ||
III. Übereinkommen zur Durchführung des Artikels VI des GATT 1994 (ADÜ) | 607 | ||
1. United States – Laws, Regulations and Methodology for Calculating Dumping Margins („Zeroing“) | 609 | ||
2. United States – Measures Relating to Zeroing and Sunset Reviews | 615 | ||
C. Ausblick | 621 | ||
Richard Happ and Noah Rubins: Awards and Decisions of ICSID Tribunals in 2006 | 623 | ||
A. Introduction | 623 | ||
B. Salini Construttori S.p.A. and Italstrade S.p.A. v. Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (Case No. ARB/02/13) | 624 | ||
I. The Dispute | 624 | ||
II. The Decision | 625 | ||
C. Continental Casualty Company v. the Argentine Republic (Case No. ARB/03/9) | 625 | ||
I. The Dispute | 626 | ||
II. The Decision | 626 | ||
D. El Paso Energy International Company v. The Argentine Republic (Case No. ARB/03/15) | 627 | ||
I. The Dispute | 628 | ||
II. The Decision | 628 | ||
E. Metalpar S.A. y Buen Aire S.A. v. The Argentine Republic (Case No. ARB/03/5) | 630 | ||
I. The Dispute | 630 | ||
II. The Decision | 630 | ||
F. Suez, Sociedad General de Aguas de Barcelona S.A., and InterAguas Services Integrales de Agua S.A. v. The Argentine Republic (Case No. ARB/03/17) | 631 | ||
I. The Dispute | 632 | ||
II. The Decision | 632 | ||
G. Jan de Nul N.V. and Dredging International N.V. v. Arab Republic of Egypt (Case No. ARB/04/13) | 633 | ||
I. The Dispute | 633 | ||
II. The Decision | 634 | ||
H. L.E.S.I., S.p.A. and ASTALDI, S.p.A. v. People’s Democratic Republic of Algeria (Case No. ARB/05/3) | 635 | ||
I. The Dispute | 636 | ||
II. The Decision | 636 | ||
J. Azurix Corp. and Others v. The Argentine Republic (Case No. ARB/01/12) | 637 | ||
I. The Dispute | 637 | ||
II. The Decision | 638 | ||
K. Pan American Energy LLC and Others v. The Argentine Republic (Case No. ARB/03/13 and ARB/04/8) | 640 | ||
I. The Disputes | 640 | ||
II. The Decision | 641 | ||
L. Inceysa Vallisoletana, S.L. v. Republic of El Salvador (Case No. ARB/03/26) | 642 | ||
I. The Dispute | 643 | ||
II. The Decision | 643 | ||
M. Suez, Sociedad General de Aguas de Barcelona S.A. and Vivendi Universal S.A. v. The Argentine Republic (Case No. ARB/03/19) | 644 | ||
I. The Dispute | 645 | ||
II. The Decision | 645 | ||
N. Telenor Mobile Communications A.S. v. the Republic of Hungary (Case No. ARB/04/15) | 646 | ||
I. The Dispute | 646 | ||
II. The Decision | 647 | ||
O. ADC Affiliate Limited and ADC & ADMC Management Limited v. Republic of Hungary (Case No. ARB/03/16) | 648 | ||
I. The Dispute | 648 | ||
II. The Decision | 649 | ||
1. Jurisdiction | 650 | ||
2. Expropriation | 652 | ||
3. Miscellaneous Claims Concerning the Invalidity of the Agreements | 652 | ||
4. Damages | 653 | ||
P. LG&E Energy Corp. and Others v. Argentine Republic (Case No. ARB/02/1) | 654 | ||
I. The Dispute | 654 | ||
II. The Decision | 654 | ||
Q. World Duty Free Company Limited v. The Republic of Kenya (Case No. ARB/00/7) | 656 | ||
I. The Dispute | 656 | ||
II. The Decision | 657 | ||
R. Champion Trading Company and Ameritrade International, Inc. v. Arab Republic of Egypt (Case No. ARB/02/9) | 658 | ||
I. The Dispute | 659 | ||
II. The Decision | 659 | ||
S. Bayindir Insaat Turizim Ticaret Ve Sanayi A.S. v. Islamic Republic of Pakistan (Case No. ARB/03/29) | 660 | ||
I. The Dispute | 660 | ||
II. The Decision | 661 | ||
T. Concluding Remarks | 663 | ||
Monika Krivickaitė und Meike Laufmöller: Die Tätigkeit der International Law Commission im Jahre 2006 | 665 | ||
A. Einleitung | 665 | ||
B. Diplomatischer Schutz | 666 | ||
I. Der Bericht des Sonderberichterstatters | 666 | ||
1. Zahlung des Ersatzes an die betroffene Person | 666 | ||
2. Abgrenzung zum konsularischen Schutz | 667 | ||
II. Angenommene Artikel | 668 | ||
III. Fazit | 670 | ||
C. Völkerrechtliche Haftung für Schäden aufgrund nicht völkerrechtswidriger Aktivitäten (völkerrechtliche Haftung für grenzüberschreitende Schäden aufgrund risikoreicher Handlungen) | 670 | ||
I. In zweiter Lesung angenommener Prinzipienentwurf: Änderungen und Kommentierungen | 671 | ||
1. Prinzip 2: Begriffsbestimmungen | 671 | ||
2. Prinzip 3: Zielbestimmung | 672 | ||
3. Prinzip 4: Rasche und angemessene Entschädigung | 672 | ||
4. Prinzip 5: Reaktionsmaßnahmen | 673 | ||
5. Prinzip 6: Internationale und innerstaatliche Rechtsbehelfe | 674 | ||
II. Fazit | 674 | ||
D. Gemeinsame natürliche Ressourcen | 674 | ||
I. Die angenommenen Artikel | 675 | ||
II. Weiteres Vorgehen | 676 | ||
E. Verantwortlichkeit internationaler Organisationen | 676 | ||
I. Kapitel V: Umstände, welche die Rechtswidrigkeit ausschließen | 677 | ||
II. Kapitel (x): Verantwortlichkeit eines Staates im Zusammenhang mit der Handlung einer internationalen Organisation | 677 | ||
1. Art. 28: Staatenverantwortlichkeit im Falle der Kompetenzübertragung auf eine internationale Organisation | 678 | ||
2. Art. 29: Verantwortlichkeit des Mitgliedstaates einer internationalen Organisation für deren rechtswidrige Handlungen | 679 | ||
F. Vertragsvorbehalte | 680 | ||
I. Behandlung des Berichts in der Kommission | 680 | ||
II. Angenommene Artikel | 681 | ||
G. Einseitige Hoheitsakte | 682 | ||
H. Wirkungen bewaffneter Konflikte auf Verträge | 684 | ||
I. Erörterung des zweiten Berichts des Sonderberichterstatters | 684 | ||
1. Fälle nicht-internationaler bewaffneter Konflikte | 685 | ||
2. Der Wille der Vertragsparteien als Auslegungsmittel | 685 | ||
3. Fortgeltende Verträge | 686 | ||
II. Weiteres Vorgehen | 687 | ||
I. Verpflichtung zur Auslieferung oder Strafverfolgung (aut dedere aut judicare) | 687 | ||
J. Fragmentierung des Völkerrechts | 688 | ||
K. Ausblick | 690 | ||
BOOK REVIEWS | 691 | ||
Philip Alston (ed.): Non-State Actors and Human Rights (Robin Geiß) | 691 | ||
Andrew Clapham: Human Rights Obligations of Non-State Actors (Robin Geiß) | 691 | ||
Antony Anghie: Imperialism, Sovereignty and the Making of International Law (Björn Elberling) | 696 | ||
Jean-Pierre Cot/Alain Pellet/Mathias Forteau (dir.): La Charte des Nations Unies – Commentaire article par article (Andreas Zimmermann) | 698 | ||
Robert Cryer: Prosecuting International Crimes – Selectivity and the International Criminal Law Regime (Björn Elberling) | 700 | ||
Yoram Dinstein: War, Agression and Self-Defence (Nicki Boldt) | 702 | ||
Judith Gardam: Necessity, Proportionality and the Use of Force by States (Robin Geiß) | 704 | ||
James C. Hathaway: The Rights of Refugees under International Law (Tilmann Laubner) | 706 | ||
Ulrich Karpenstein: Praxis des EG-Rechts – Anwendung und Durchsetzung des Gemeinschaftsrechts in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland (Christian Johann) | 710 | ||
Martti Koskenniemi: From Apology to Utopia – The Structure of International Legal Argument (Björn Elberling) | 712 | ||
Theodor Meron: The Humanization of International Law (Christian J. Tams) | 714 | ||
China Miéville: Between Equal Rights – A Marxist Theory of International Law (Björn Elberling) | 716 | ||
Stephen C. Neff: War and the Law of Nations: A General History (Nicki Boldt) | 720 | ||
Gérard Niyungeko: La preuve devant les juridictions internationales (Christian J. Tams) | 723 | ||
Shabtai Rosenne (with the assistance of Yaël Ronen): The Law and Practice of the International Court 1920–2005 (Andreas Zimmermann) | 725 | ||
Peter Rowe: The Impact of Human Rights Law on Armed Forces (Christian Johann) | 726 | ||
Michael Scholz: Staatliches Selbstverteidigungsrecht gegen terroristische Gewalt (Christiane Wandscher) | 728 | ||
Stefan Talmon: Kollektive Nichtanerkennung illegaler Staaten – Grundlagen und Rechtsfolgen einer international koordinierten Sanktion, dargestellt am Beispiel der Türkischen Republik Nord-Zypern (Frank Hoffmeister) | 731 | ||
Wolfgang Graf Vitzthum (Hrsg.): Handbuch des Seerechts (Philipp Wendel) | 734 | ||
BOOKS RECEIVED | 739 | ||
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS | 741 |