Menu Expand

Cite JOURNAL ARTICLE

Style

Schmidt, R. Diversity in finance: An overview. Vierteljahrshefte zur Wirtschaftsforschung, 87(4), 9-23. https://doi.org/10.3790/vjh.87.4.9
Schmidt, Reinhard H. "Diversity in finance: An overview" Vierteljahrshefte zur Wirtschaftsforschung 87.4, , 9-23. https://doi.org/10.3790/vjh.87.4.9
Schmidt, Reinhard H.: Diversity in finance: An overview, in: Vierteljahrshefte zur Wirtschaftsforschung, vol. 87, iss. 4, 9-23, [online] https://doi.org/10.3790/vjh.87.4.9

Format

Diversity in finance: An overview

Schmidt, Reinhard H.

Vierteljahrshefte zur Wirtschaftsforschung, Vol. 87 (2018), Iss. 4 : pp. 9–23

1 Citations (CrossRef)

Additional Information

Article Details

Author Details

Reinhard H. Schmidt, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt.

  • Reinhard H. Schmidt has been a senior professor in the Finance Department of the Goethe University in Frankfurt since his retirement in 2013. His research and teaching activities in recent years have focused on the comparison of financial systems and finances in developing countries, countries in transition, and emerging economies. He publishes work regularly on both topics in national and international journals. In the field of development aid, he has worked as a consultant and an expert. Mr. Schmidt is a member of the European Shadow Financial Regulatory Committee (ESFRC).
  • Email
  • Search in Google Scholar

Cited By

  1. Banking diversity and firms’ exit: A study on Italian data

    Costanzo, Giuseppina Damiana

    Succurro, Marianna

    Trivieri, Francesco

    Journal of Evolutionary Economics, Vol. 33 (2023), Iss. 5 P.1537

    https://doi.org/10.1007/s00191-023-00836-4 [Citations: 1]

References

  1. Allen, F., and D. Gale (2001): Comparing Financial Systems. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.  Google Scholar
  2. Allen, F., E. Carletti and F. Gu (2014): The Roles of Banks in Financial Systems. In: A. Berger, P. Molyneux and J. Wilson (eds.): Oxford Handbook of Banking. 2nd ed. Oxford University Press, 27–46.  Google Scholar
  3. Allen, F., F. Chui and A. Maddaloni (2004): Financial Systems in Europe, the USA and Asia. Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 20, 490–508.  Google Scholar
  4. Amable, B. (2003): The Diversity of Modern Capitalism. Oxford, Oxford University Press.  Google Scholar
  5. Ayadi, R., D. T. Llewllyn, R. H. Schmidt, E. Arbak and W. P. de Groen (2010): Investigating Diversity in the Banking Sector in Europe: Key Developments, Performance and Role of Cooperative Banks. CEPS, Brussels.  Google Scholar
  6. Ayadi, R., R. H. Schmidt and S. Carbó Valverde (2009): Investigating Diversity in the Banking Sector in Europe: The Performance and Role of Savings Banks. CEPS, Brussels.  Google Scholar
  7. Binder, M., P. Lieberknecht, J. Quintana and V. Wieland (2017): Model Uncertainty in Macroecconomics: On the Implications of Financial Frictions. Working Paper 114, IMFS, Goethe University, Frankfurt (forthcoming in D. Mayes et al., eds., Oxford Handbook on the Economics of Central Banking. Oxford, Oxford University Press).  Google Scholar
  8. Booth, A., and A. Thakor (1997): Financial System Architecture. Review of Financial Studies, 10, 693–733.  Google Scholar
  9. Brealey, R., St. Myers and F. Allen (2019): Principles of Corporate Finance. 13th ed. New York, McGraw-Hill.  Google Scholar
  10. Bülbül, D., R. H. Schmidt and U. Schüwer (2013): Caisses d’épargne et banques cooperatives en Europe. Revue d’Èconomie Financière, 111, 159–187 (english version „Saving Banks and Cooperative Banks in Europe“ published as SAFE White Paper Series No. 5, Frankfurt 2013).  Google Scholar
  11. Butzbach, O., and K. von Mettenheim (eds.) (2014): Alternative Banks and Financial Crisis. London, Chatto and Pickering.  Google Scholar
  12. Corbett, J., and T. Jenkinson (1997): How is Investment Financed? A Study of Germany, Japan, The United Kingdom and the United States. The Manchester School Supplement, 69–93.  Google Scholar
  13. Fohlin, C. (2000): Economic, Political and Legal Factors in Financial Systems Development: International Patterns in Historical Perspective. Working Paper. California Institute for Technology.  Google Scholar
  14. Goergen, M. (2007): What Do we Know about Corporate Governance Systems? ecgi working paper 163, Brussels.  Google Scholar
  15. Gordon, J., and M. Roe (eds.) (2004): Convergence and Persistence in Corporate Governance.Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.  Google Scholar
  16. Hackethal, A., and R. H. Schmidt (2000): Finanzsystem und Komplementarität, Kredit und Kapital. Beiheft 15 „Finanzmärkte im Umbruch“. Berlin, 53–102.  Google Scholar
  17. Hackethal, A., and R. H. Schmidt (2005): Financing Patterns: Measurement Concepts and Empirical Results. Working Paper Series: Finance and Accounting, No. 125. Goethe-Universität Frankfurt.  Google Scholar
  18. Hackethal, A., R. H. Schmidt and M. Tyrell (2002): The Convergence of Financial Systems in Europe. German Financial Markets and Institutions: Selected Studies, Special Issue 1-02 of Schmalenbach Business Review, 7–53.  Google Scholar
  19. Hackethal, A., R. H. Schmidt and M. Tyrell (2005): Banks and Corporate Governance in Germany: On the Way to a Market-Based System? Corporate Governance: An International Journal, 13, 397–407.  Google Scholar
  20. Hackethal, A., and M. Tyrell (1999): Complementarity and Financial Systems. Working Paper Series: Finance and Accounting, No. 10. Goethe-Universität Frankfurt.  Google Scholar
  21. Haldane, A. (2009): Rethinking the Financial Network, Bank of England, mimeo.  Google Scholar
  22. Hall, P., and D. Soskice, (eds.) (2001): Varieties of Capitalism: The Institutional Foundations of Comparative Advantage, Oxford, Oxford University Press.  Google Scholar
  23. Hansmann, H., and R. Kraakman (2000): The End of History for Corporate Law. Georgetown Law Journal, 89, 439–468.  Google Scholar
  24. Hardie, I., and D. Howarth (2003): Market-Based Banking and the International Financial Crisis. Oxford, Oxford University Press.  Google Scholar
  25. Kind, A. (2018): National and International Banking Heterogeneity. Zeitschrift für vergleichende Rechtswissenschaft, 117, 440–454.  Google Scholar
  26. King, R. G., and R. Levine (1993): Finance and Growth: Schumpeter Might be Right. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 108, 717–738.  Google Scholar
  27. Kotz, H.-H., and R. H. Schmidt (2016): The Corporate Governance of Banks: A German Alternative to the Standard Model. Zeitschrift für Bankrecht und Bankwirtschaft, 28, 427–444.  Google Scholar
  28. Kotz, H.-H., W. Semmler and I. Tahri (2017): Capital Markets Union and monetary policy performance: Comes financial market variety at a cost?, Vierterljahrshefte zur Wirtschaftsforschung, 86 (2), 41–59.  Google Scholar
  29. La Porta, R., F. Lopez-de-Silanes and A. Shleifer (2002): Government Ownership of Banks. Journal of Finance, 57, 265–301.  Google Scholar
  30. La Porta, R., F. Lopez-de-Silanes, A. Shleifer and R. Vishny (1998): Law and Finance. Journal of Political Economy, 106, 1113–1156.  Google Scholar
  31. Meyer, C. (2018): Prosperity. Oxford, Oxford University Press.  Google Scholar
  32. Mitchie, J. (2011): Promoting Corporate Diversity in the Financial Services Sector. Policy Studies, 32, 309–323.  Google Scholar
  33. Mitchie, J., and C. Oughton (2013): Measuring Diversity: A Diversity Index. Working Paper 113. Centre for Financial and Management Studies, Oxford.  Google Scholar
  34. Rajan, R., and L. Zingales (2003): The Great Reversals: The Politics of Financial Development in the Twentieth Century. Journal of Financial Economics, 69, 5–50.  Google Scholar
  35. Rajan, R. and L. Zingales, (2004): Saving Capitalism from the Capitalists. Princeton, Princeton University Press.  Google Scholar
  36. Schmidt, R. H. (2018): Entwicklung und Vielfalt von Bank- und Finanzsystemen. Zeitschrift für vergleichende Rechtswissenschaft, 117, 429–439.  Google Scholar
  37. Schmidt, R. H., D. Bülbül and U. Schüwer (2014): The Persistence of the German Three-Pillar-System. In: O. Butzbach and K. von Mettenheim (eds.): Alternative Banking and Financial Crisis. London, Chatto and Pickering, 101–122.  Google Scholar
  38. Tirole, J. (2006): The Theory of Corporate Finance. Princeton, Princeton University Press.  Google Scholar

Abstract

Zusammenfassung: Der Beitrag behandelt die Unterschiedlichkeit – oder Diversität – von Bank- und Finanzsystemen in Deutschland, der Europäischen Union und weltweit und deren Veränderungen im Zeitablauf. Damit wird zugleich die Frage angesprochen, ob sich die Bank- und Finanzsysteme im Zeitablauf aneinander angleichen. Allgemein wird vermutet, dass unter dem Einfluss der Globalisierung und der zunehmend international werdenden Regulierung Unterschiede immer mehr verschwinden und dass dies wirtschaftspolitisch wünschenswert ist. Der empirische Befund ist allerdings, dass das Ausmaß der Diversität in den letzten Jahren erstaunlich wenig abgenommen hat. Dies wirft die zwei Fragen auf, denen der zweite Teil des Beitrags gewidmet ist: Wie ist es zu erklären, dass sich eine höhere Diversität erhalten hat, als weithin vermutet wird, und wie ist Diversität im Finanzsektor zu bewerten? Dazu argumentiert der Verfasser, dass es angesichts der Tatsache, dass man nicht weiß und nicht wissen kann, welche Strukturen im Finanzsektor optimal sind, Diversität ökonomisch als vorteilhaft und damit als erhaltenswert einzustufen ist.

Summary: This paper aspires to provide an overview of the issue of diversity of banking and financial systems and its development over time from a positive and a normative perspective. In other word: how different are banks within a given country and how much do banking systems and entire financial systems differ between countries and regions, and do in-country diversity and between-country diversity change over time, as one would be inclined to expect as a consequence of globalization and increasingly global standards of regulation? The general answer to these questions is that there is still today a surprisingly high level of diversity in finance. This raises the two questions addressed in the second part of the paper: How can the persistence of diversity be explained, and how can it be assessed? In contrast to prevailing views, the author argues that persistent diversity should be regarded as valuable in a context in which there is no clear answer to the question of which structures of banking and financial systems are optimal from an economic perspective.