Menu Expand
  1. Journals
  2. Economics, Finance, Business & Management
  3. Journal of Contextual Economics – Schmollers Jahrbuch
  4. Vol. 141, Issue 1–2
  5. pp. 47–84

JOURNAL ARTICLE

Cite JOURNAL ARTICLE

Style
Demir, C., Stephan, M., Werner, A. How Do Life Partners and Their Occupational Choice Affect the Path of Transition to Entrepreneurship? A Comparison Between Direct and Indirect Entry into Entrepreneurship. Journal of Contextual Economics – Schmollers Jahrbuch, 141(1–2), 47-84. https://doi.org/10.3790/schm.141.1-2.47
Demir, Cemre; Stephan, Meike and Werner, Arndt "How Do Life Partners and Their Occupational Choice Affect the Path of Transition to Entrepreneurship? A Comparison Between Direct and Indirect Entry into Entrepreneurship" Journal of Contextual Economics – Schmollers Jahrbuch 141.1–2, 2021, 47-84. https://doi.org/10.3790/schm.141.1-2.47
Demir, Cemre/Stephan, Meike/Werner, Arndt (2021): How Do Life Partners and Their Occupational Choice Affect the Path of Transition to Entrepreneurship? A Comparison Between Direct and Indirect Entry into Entrepreneurship, in: Journal of Contextual Economics – Schmollers Jahrbuch, vol. 141, iss. 1–2, 47-84, [online] https://doi.org/10.3790/schm.141.1-2.47
Format
Download

How Do Life Partners and Their Occupational Choice Affect the Path of Transition to Entrepreneurship? A Comparison Between Direct and Indirect Entry into Entrepreneurship

Demir, Cemre | Stephan, Meike | Werner, Arndt

Journal of Contextual Economics – Schmollers Jahrbuch, Vol. 141 (2021), Iss. 1–2 : pp. 47–84

Read Now Download (PDF)

Additional Information

Article Details

Publisher Name
Duncker & Humblot
DOI
https://doi.org/10.3790/schm.141.1-2.47
Language
English
Pages
38
Keywords

Author Details

Cemre Demir, School of Economic Disciplines, University of Siegen, Unteres Schloß 3, 57068 Siegen, Germany.

Meike Stephan, School of Economic Disciplines, University of Siegen, Unteres Schloß 3, 57068 Siegen, Germany.

Arndt Werner, School of Economic Disciplines, University of Siegen, Unteres Schloß 3, 57068 Siegen, Germany.

References

  1. Aldrich, H., P. R. Reese, and P. Dubini. 1989. “Women on the Verge of a Breakthrough: Networking among Entrepreneurs in the United States and Italy.” Entrepreneurship & Regional Development 1 (4): 339 – 56.  Google Scholar
  2. Amuedo-Dorantes, C. and J. Kimmel. 2009. “Moonlighting over the Business Cycle.” Economic Inquiry 47 (4): 754 – 65.  Google Scholar
  3. Andersson, L. and M. Hammarstedt. 2010. “Self-Employment Matching: An Analysis of Dual-Earner Couples in Sweden.” Economics Bulletin 30 (3): 2197 – 209.  Google Scholar
  4. Arum, R. 1997. “Trends in Male and Female Self-Employment: Growth in a New Middle Class or Increasing Marginalization of the Labour Force.” Research in Social Strati?cation and Mobility 15: 209 – 38.  Google Scholar
  5. Atherton, A., J. R. Faria, D. Wheatley, D. Wu, and Z. Wu. 2016. “The Decision to Moonlight: Does Second Job Holding by the Self-Employed and Employed Differ?” Industrial Relations Journal 47 (3): 279 – 99.  Google Scholar
  6. Backes-Gellner, U. and A. Werner. 2007. “Entrepreneurial Signaling via Education: A Success Factor in Innovative Start-Ups.” Small Business Economics 29 (1/2): 173 – 90.  Google Scholar
  7. Bernardi, F. 1999. “Does the Husband Matter? Married Women and Employment in Italy.” European Sociological Review 15 (3): 285 – 300.  Google Scholar
  8. Bettis, R. A. 2012. “The Search for Asterisks: Compromised Statistical Tests and Flawed Theory.” Strategic Management Journal 33 (1): 108 – 13.  Google Scholar
  9. Blanch?ower, D. G. 2000. “Self-?mployment in OECD Countries.” Labour Economics 7 (5): 471 – 505.  Google Scholar
  10. Blanchflower, D. G. 2004. “Self-Employment: More May Not Be Better.” Swedish Economic Policy Review 11 (2): 15 – 73.  Google Scholar
  11. Blanch?ower, D. G. 2007. “Entrepreneurship in the United States.” IZA Discussion Paper No. 3130. Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA).  Google Scholar
  12. Blanch?ower, D. G. and B. D. Meyer. 1994. “A Longitudinal Analysis of the Young Self-Employed in Australia and the United States.” Small Business Economics 6 (1): 1 – 19.  Google Scholar
  13. Blanchflower, D. G. and A. J. Oswald. 1998. “What Makes an Entrepreneur?” Journal of Labor Economics 16 (1): 26 – 60.  Google Scholar
  14. Blanch?ower, D. G. and A. J. Oswald. 1990. “What Makes a Young Entrepreneur?” Discussion Paper No. 373. London School of Economics, Centre for Labour Economics.  Google Scholar
  15. Blanch?ower, D. G., A. J. Oswald, and A. Stutzer. 2001. “Latent Entrepreneurship Across Nations.” European Economic Review 45 (4 – 6): 680 – 91.  Google Scholar
  16. Block, J., A. Landgraf, and T. Semrau. 2019. “The Differential Impact of Societal Cultural Practices on Part-Time and Full-Time Self-Employment: A Multi-Level, Multi-Country Study.” International Small Business Journal 37 (1): 43 – 68.  Google Scholar
  17. Blossfeld, H.-P. and S. Drobnic. 2001. Careers of Couples in Contemporary Society: From Male Breadwinner to Dual-Earner Families. Oxford: Oxford University Press.  Google Scholar
  18. Borjas, G. J. 1986. “The Self-Employment Experience of Immigrants.” Journal of Human Resources 21 (4): 485 – 506.  Google Scholar
  19. Bosco, F. A., H. Aguinis, J. G. Field, C. A. Pierce, and D. R. Dalton. 2016. “HARKing’s Threat to Organizational Research: Evidence From Primary and Meta-Analytic Sources.” Personnel Psychology 69 (3): 709 – 50.  Google Scholar
  20. Bosma, N., J. Hessels, V. Schutjens, M. Van Praag, and I. Verheul. 2012. “Entrepreneurship and Role Models.” Journal of Economic Psychology 33 (2): 410 – 24.  Google Scholar
  21. Bosma, N., K. Jones, E. Autio, and J. Levie. 2008. “Global Entrepreneurship Monitor” Executive Report 2007. London: Global Entrepreneurship Research Association.  Google Scholar
  22. Bosma, N., M. Van Praag, R. Thurik, and G. de Wit. 2004. “The Value of Human and Social Capital Investments for the Business Performance of Startups.” Small Business Economics 23 (3): 227 – 36.  Google Scholar
  23. Bouwhuis, S., A. H. Garde, G. A. Geuskens, C. R. L. Boot, P. M. Bongers, and A. J. Van Der Beek. 2017. “The Longitudinal Association Between Multiple Job Holding and Long-Term Sickness Absence Among Danish Employees: An Explorative Study Using Register-Based Data.” International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health 90 (8): 799 – 807.  Google Scholar
  24. Bradbury, B., P. Grade, and J. Vipond. 1986. “Youth Unemployment and Intergenerational Immobility.” Journal of Industrial Relations 28 (2): 191 – 210.  Google Scholar
  25. Brodeur, A., M. Lé, M. Sangnier, and Y Zylberberg. 2016. “Star Wars: The Empirics Strike Back.” American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 8 (1): 1 – 32.  Google Scholar
  26. Brown, S., L. Farrel, and J. G. Sessions. 2006. “Self-Employment Matching: An Analysis of Dual Earner Couples and Working Households.” Small Business Economics 26 (2): 155 – 72.  Google Scholar
  27. Bruce, D. 1999. “Do Husbands Matter? Married Women Entering Self-Employment.” Small Business Economics 13 (4): 317 – 29.  Google Scholar
  28. Brush, C. 1998. “A Resource Perspective on Women’s Entrepreneurship: Research, Relevance and Recognition.” In Women Entrepreneurs in Small and Medium Enterprises: OECD Proceedings, 155 – 67. Paris: OECD Publishing.  Google Scholar
  29. Budig, M. J. 2006. “Intersections on the Road to Self-Employment: Gender, Family and Occupational Class.” Social Forces 84 (4): 2223 – 39.  Google Scholar
  30. Burke, A. E., F. R. FitzRoy, and M. A. Nolan. 2008. “What Makes a Die-Hard Entrepreneur? Beyond the ‘Employee or Entrepreneur’ Dichotomy.” Small Business Economics 31 (2): 93 – 115.  Google Scholar
  31. Cahill, K., M. D. Giandrea, and J. F. Quinn. 2013. “New Evidence on Self-Employment Transitions Among Older Americans with Career Jobs.” U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Working Paper No. 463. Washington: U.S. Department of Labor.  Google Scholar
  32. Caliendo, M., F. M. Fossen, and A. S. Kritikos. 2009. “Risk Attitudes of Nascent Entrepreneurs – New Evidence From an Experimentally Validated Survey.” Small Business Economics 32 (2): 153 – 67.  Google Scholar
  33. Campbell, J. R. and M. De Nardi. 2009. “A Conversation with 590 Nascent Entrepreneurs.” Annals of Finance 5 (3 – 4): 313 – 40.  Google Scholar
  34. Caputo, R. K. and A. Dolinsky. 1998. “Women’s Choice to Pursue Self-Employment: The Role of Financial and Human Capital of Household Members.” Journal of Small Business Management 36 (3): 8 – 17.  Google Scholar
  35. Carroll, G. R. and E. Mosakowski. 1987. “The Career Dynamics of Self-Employment.” Administrative Science Quarterly 32 (4): 570 – 89.  Google Scholar
  36. Carter, S., A. Kuhl, S. Marlow, and S. Mwaura. 2017. “The Household As a Site of Entrepreneurial Activity.” Foundations and Trends in Entrepreneurship 13 (2): 81 – 190.  Google Scholar
  37. Clark, A. E. 1997. “Job Satisfaction and Gender: Why Are Women So Happy at Work?” Labour Economics 4 (4): 341 – 72.  Google Scholar
  38. Clark, K. and S. Drinkwater. 2000. “Pushed Out or Pulled In? Self-Employment Among Ethnic Minorities in England and Wales.” Labour Economics 7 (5): 603 – 28.  Google Scholar
  39. Costin, Y. 2012. “In Pursuit of Growth: An Insight Into the Experience of Female Entrepreneurs.” International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship 4 (2): 108 – 27.  Google Scholar
  40. Couch, K. A. 1994. “High School Vocational Education, Apprenticeship, and Earnings: A Comparison of Germany and the United States.” Vierteljahrshefte zur Wirtschaftsforschung 1 (2): 10 – 8.  Google Scholar
  41. Dabic, M., T. Daim, E. Bayraktaroglu, I. Novak, and M. Basic. 2012. “Exploring Gender Differences in Attitudes of University Students Towards Entrepreneurship: An International Survey.” International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship 4 (3): 316 – 36.  Google Scholar
  42. Danes, S. M., K. Stafford, G. Haynes, and S. Amarapurkar. 2009. “Family Capital of Family Firms: Bridging Human, Social, and Financial Capital.” Family Business Review 22 (3): 199 – 215.  Google Scholar
  43. Davidsson, P. and B. Honig. 2003. “The Role of Social and Human Capital Among Nascent Entrepreneurs.” Journal of Business Venturing 18 (3): 301 – 31.  Google Scholar
  44. De Wit, G. and F. A. A. M. Van Winden. 1989. “An Empirical Analysis of Self-Employment in the Netherlands.” Small Business Economics 32 (1): 263 – 72.  Google Scholar
  45. Demir, C., A. Werner, S. Kraus, and P. Jones. 2020. “Hybrid entrepreneurship: a systematic literature review.” Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship 34 (1): 29 – 52.  Google Scholar
  46. Dixit, A. K. and R. Rob. 1994. “Switching Costs and Sectoral Adjustments in General Equilibrium with Uninsured Risk.” Journal of Economic Theory 62 (1): 48 – 69.  Google Scholar
  47. Dohmen, T., A. Falk, D. Huffman, U. Sunde, J. Schupp, and G. G. Wagner. 2005. “Individual Risk Attitudes: New Evidence from a Large, Representative, Experimentally-Validated Survey.” IZA Discussion Paper No. 1730. Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA).  Google Scholar
  48. Duchesneau, D. A. and W. B. Gartner. 1990. “A Profile of New Venture Success and Failure in an Emerging Industry.” Journal of Business Venturing 5 (5): 297 – 312.  Google Scholar
  49. Dunn, T. and D. Holtz-Eakin. 2000. “Financial Capital, Human Capital, and the Transition to Self-Employment: Evidence from Intergenerational Links.” Journal of Labor Economics 18 (2): 282 – 305.  Google Scholar
  50. Easterlin, R. A. 2001. “Income and Happiness: Towards a Unified Theory.” Economic Journal 111 (473): 465 – 84.  Google Scholar
  51. Eliasson, K. and H. Westlund. 2013. “Attributes Influencing Self-Employment Propensity in Urban and Rural Sweden.” Annals of Regional Science 50 (2): 479 – 514.  Google Scholar
  52. Ermisch, J., M. Francesconi, and T. Siedler. 2006. “Intergenerational Mobility and Marital Sorting.” Economic Journal 116 (513): 659 – 79.  Google Scholar
  53. Evans, D. S. and B. Jovanovic. 1989. “An Estimated Model of Entrepreneurial Choice Under Liquidity Constraints.” Journal of Political Economy 97 (4): 808 – 27.  Google Scholar
  54. Fairchild, G. 2009. “Residential Segregation In?uences on the Likelihood of Ethnic Self-Employment.” Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice 33 (2): 373 – 95.  Google Scholar
  55. Ferreira, C. C. 2020. “Experiential Learning Theory and Hybrid Entrepreneurship: Factors Influencing the Transition to Full-Time Entrepreneurship.” International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research 26 (8): 1845 – 63.  Google Scholar
  56. Fini, R., M. Perkmann, and J.-M. Ross. 2017. “The Impact of Hybrid Entrepreneurship on Individual Performance in Research Organizations.” Academy of Management Proceedings 2017 (1).  Google Scholar
  57. Folta, T. B., F. Delmar, and K. Wennberg. 2010. “Hybrid Entrepreneurship.” Management Science 56 (2): 253 – 69.  Google Scholar
  58. Georgellis, Y. and H. J. Wall. 2000. “Who Are the Self-Employed?” Federal Reserve Bank of Saint Louis Review 82 (6): 15 – 23.  Google Scholar
  59. Grabka, M. M. 2016. “SOEP 2015 – Codebook for the $PEQUIV File 1984 – 2015: CNEF Variables with Extended Income Information for the SOEP.” DIW/SOEP Survey Paper No. 343, German Institute for Economic Research.  Google Scholar
  60. Grosch, J. W., C. C. Caruso, R. R. Rosa, and S. L. Sauter. 2006. “Long Hours of Work in the U.S.: Associations With Demographic and Organizational Characteristics, Psychosocial Working Conditions, and Health.” American Journal of Industrial Medicine 49 (11): 943 – 52.  Google Scholar
  61. Gruenert, J. C. 1999. “Second Job Entrepreneurs.” Occupational Outlook Quarterly Fall. Accessed October 25, 2021.  Google Scholar
  62. Hausman, J. A. 1978. “Specification Tests in Econometrics.” Econometrica 46 (6): 1251 – 71.  Google Scholar
  63. Hersch, J. and L. S. Stratton. 1997. “Housework, Fixed Effects, and Wages of Married Workers.” Journal of Human Resources 32 (2): 285 – 307.  Google Scholar
  64. Hess, G. 2004. “Marriage and Consumption Insurance: What’s Love Got to Do With It?” Journal of Political Economy 112 (2): 290 – 318.  Google Scholar
  65. Hill, R. C. and L. C. Adkins. 2001. “Collinearity.” In A Companion to Theoretical Econometrics, edited by B. H. Baltagi, 256 – 78. Oxford: Blackwell.  Google Scholar
  66. Hintermaier, T. and T. Steinberger. 2005. “Occupational Choice and the Private Equity Premium Puzzle.” Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control 29 (10): 1765 – 83.  Google Scholar
  67. Hörisch, J., J. Kollat, and S. A. Brieger. 2017. “What Influences Environmental Entrepreneurship? A Multilevel Analysis of the Determinants of Entrepreneurs’ Environmental Orientation.” Small Business Economics 48 (1): 47 – 69.  Google Scholar
  68. Hundley, G. 2001. “Why Women Earn Less Than Men in Self-Employment.” Journal of Labour Research 22 (4): 817 – 29.  Google Scholar
  69. Jianakopolos, N. A. and A. Bernasek. 1998. “Are Women More Risk Averse?” Economic Inquiry 36 (4): 620 – 30.  Google Scholar
  70. Jones, M. and P. Latreille. 2011. “Disability and Self-Employment: Evidence for the UK.” Applied Economics 43 (27): 4161 – 78.  Google Scholar
  71. Kalmijn, M. and H. Flap. 2001. “Assortative Meeting and Mating: Unintended Consequences of Organized Settings Partner Choices.” Social Forces 79 (4): 1289 – 312.  Google Scholar
  72. Kautonen, T., S. Down, and M. Minniti. 2014. “Ageing and Entrepreneurial Preferences.” Small Business Economics 42 (3): 579 – 94.  Google Scholar
  73. Kerr, G. and M. Armstrong-Stassen. 2011. “The Bridge to Retirement: Older Workers’ Engagement in Post-Career Entrepreneurship and Wage-and-Salary Employment.” Journal of Entrepreneurship 20 (1): 55 – 76.  Google Scholar
  74. Kim, P., H. Aldrich, and L. Keister. 2006. “Access (Not) Denied: The Impact of Financial, Human, and Cultural Capital on Entrepreneurial Entry in the United States.” Small Business Economics 27 (1): 5 – 22.  Google Scholar
  75. Knight, F. H. 1921. Risk, Uncertainty and Profit. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.  Google Scholar
  76. Kurczewska, A., M. Mackiewicz, W. Doryn, and D. Wawrzyniak. 2020. “Peculiarity of Hybrid Entrepreneurs – Revisiting Lazear’s Theory of Entrepreneurship.” Journal of Business Economics and Management 21 (1): 277 – 300.  Google Scholar
  77. Langowitz, N. and M. Minniti. 2007. “The Entrepreneurial Propensity of Women.” Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice 31 (3): 341 – 61.  Google Scholar
  78. Layard, R., G. Mayraz, and S. Nickell. 2008. “The Marginal Utility of Income.” Journal of Public Economics 92 (8 – 9): 1846 – 57.  Google Scholar
  79. Le, A.-T. 1999. “Empirical Studies of Self-Employment.” Journal of Economic Surveys 13 (4): 381 – 416.  Google Scholar
  80. Lévesque, M. and M. Minniti. 2006. “The Effect of Aging on Entrepreneurial Behavior.” Journal of Business Venturing 21 (2): 177 – 94.  Google Scholar
  81. Lévesque, M. and M. Minniti. 2011. “Age Matters: How Demographics In?uence Aggregate Entrepreneurship.” Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal 5 (3): 269 – 84.  Google Scholar
  82. Lin, Z., G. Picot, and J. Compton. 2000. “The Entry and Exit Dynamics of Self-Employment in Canada.” Small Business Economics 15 (2): 105 – 25.  Google Scholar
  83. Lindh, T. and H. Ohlsson. 1996. “Self-Employment and Windfall Gains: Evidence from the Swedish Lottery.” Economic Journal 106 (439): 1515 – 26.  Google Scholar
  84. Lombard, K. V. 2001. “Female Self-Employment and Demand for Flexible, Nonstandard Work Schedules.” Economic Inquiry 39 (2): 214 – 37.  Google Scholar
  85. Lucas, R. 1978. “On the Size Distribution of Business Firms.” Bell Journal of Economics 9 (2): 508 – 23.  Google Scholar
  86. Mare, R. D. 1991. “Five Decades of Educational Assortative Mating.” American Sociological Review 56 (1): 15 – 32.  Google Scholar
  87. Marshall, D. R., W. D. Davis, C. Dibrell, and A. P. Ammeter. 2019. “Learning Off the Job: Examining Part-Time Entrepreneurs as Innovative Employees.” Journal of Management 45 (8): 3091 – 113.  Google Scholar
  88. Meyer, K. E., A. Van Witteloostuijn, and S. Beugelsdijk. 2017. “What’s in a p? Reassessing Best Practices for Conducting and Reporting Hypothesis-Testing Research.” Journal of International Business Studies 48 (5): 535 – 51.  Google Scholar
  89. Mueller, P. 2006. “Entrepreneurship in the Region: Breeding Ground for Nascent Entrepreneurs?” Small Business Economics 27 (1): 41 – 58.  Google Scholar
  90. Müller, W. and R. Arum. 2004. “Self-Employment Dynamics in Advanced Economies.” In The Reemergence of Self-Employment: A Comparative Study of Self-Employment Dynamics and Social Inequality, edited by R. Arum and W. Müller, 1 – 35. Princeton: Princeton University Press.  Google Scholar
  91. Mungaray, A. and M. Ramirez-Urquidy. 2011. “Full and Part-Time Entrepreneurship and the Supply of Entrepreneurial Effort: Evidence from Mexican Microenterprises.” Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship 16 (4): 441 – 58.  Google Scholar
  92. O’Brien, J. P., T. B. Folta, and D. R. Johnson. 2003. “A Real Options Perspective on Entrepreneurial Entry in the Face of Uncertainty.” Managerial And Decision Economics 24 (8): 515 – 33.  Google Scholar
  93. O’Driscoll, M. P., D. R. Ilgen, and K. Hildreth. 1992. “Time Devoted to Job and Off-Job Activities, Interrole Conflict, and Affective Experiences.” Journal of Applied Psychology 77 (3): 272 – 9.  Google Scholar
  94. Özcan, B. 2011. “Only the Lonely? The In?uence of the Spouse on the Transition to Self-Employment.” Small Business Economics 37 (4): 465 – 92.  Google Scholar
  95. Özcan, S. and T. Reichstein. 2009. “Transition to Entrepreneurship from the Public Sector: Predispositional and Contextual Effects.” Management Science 55 (4): 604 – 18.  Google Scholar
  96. Pagán, R. 2009. “Self-Employment Among People with Disabilities: Evidence for Europe.” Disability & Society 24 (2): 217 – 29.  Google Scholar
  97. Panos, G. A., K. Pouliakas, and A. Zangelidis. 2014. “Multiple Job Holding, Skill Diversi?cation, and Mobility.” Industrial Relations 53 (2): 223 – 72.  Google Scholar
  98. Parasuraman, S., Y. S. Purohit, V. M. Godshalk, and N. J. Beutell. 1996. “Work and Family Variables, Entrepreneurial Career Success, and Psychological Well-Being.” Journal of Vocational Behavior 48 (3): 275 – 300.  Google Scholar
  99. Parker, S. C. 1997. “The Effects of Risk on Self-Employment.” Small Business Economics 9 (6): 515 – 22.  Google Scholar
  100. Parker, S. C. 2008. “Entrepreneurship among Married Couples in the United States: A Simultaneous Probit Approach.” Labour Economics 15 (3): 459 – 81.  Google Scholar
  101. Parker, S. C. 2009. The Economics of Entrepreneurship: What We Know and What We Don’t Know. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.  Google Scholar
  102. Parker, S. C. and J. C. Rougier. 2007. “The Retirement Behaviour of the Self-Employed in Britain.” Applied Economics 39 (6): 697 – 713.  Google Scholar
  103. Petrova, K. 2005. “Part-Time Entrepreneurship and Wealth Effects: New Evidence from the Panel Study of Entrepreneurial Dynamics.” Microeconomics 0510006. University Library of Munich.  Google Scholar
  104. Petrova, K. 2010a. “Part-Time Entrepreneurship: Theory and Evidence.” Atlantic Economic Journal 38 (4): 463 – 4.  Google Scholar
  105. Petrova, K. 2010b. “Part-Time Entrepreneurship, Learning and Ability.” Journal of Management Policy and Practice 12 (1): 64 – 75.  Google Scholar
  106. Petrova, K. 2012. “Part-time Entrepreneurship and Financial Constraints: Evidence from the Panel Study of Entrepreneurial Dynamics.” Small Business Economics 39 (2): 473 – 93.  Google Scholar
  107. Poschke, M. 2013. “Who Becomes an Entrepreneur? Labor Market Prospects and Occupational Choice.” Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control 37 (3): 693 – 710.  Google Scholar
  108. Raffiee, J. and J. Feng. 2014. “Should I Quit My Day Job? A Hybrid Path to Entrepreneurship.” Academy of Management Journal 57 (4): 936 – 63.  Google Scholar
  109. Reynolds, P. D., N. M. Carter, W. B. Gartner, and P. G. Greene. 2004. “The Prevalence of Nascent Entrepreneurs in the United States: Evidence from the Panel Study of Entrepreneurial Dynamics.” Small Business Economics 23 (4): 263 – 84.  Google Scholar
  110. Roper, S. and J. M. Scott. 2009. “Perceived Financial Barriers and Start-up Decision: An Econometric Analysis of Gender Differences using GEM Data.” International Small Business Journal 27 (2): 149 – 71.  Google Scholar
  111. Rothstein, H. R., A. J. Sutton, and M. Borenstein. (eds.). 2005. Publication Bias in Meta-Analysis: Prevention, Assessment and Adjustment. New York: Wiley.  Google Scholar
  112. Sanders, J. M. and V. Nee. 1996. “Immigrant Self-Employment: The Family as Social Capital and the Value of Human Capital.” American Sociological Review 61 (2): 231 – 49.  Google Scholar
  113. Schiller, B. and P. Crewson. 1997. “Entrepreneurial Origins: A Longitudinal Inquiry.” Economic Inquiry 35 (3): 523 – 31.  Google Scholar
  114. Schulz, M., D. Urbig, and V. Procher. 2016. “Hybrid Entrepreneurship and Public Policy: The Case of Firm Entry Deregulation.” Journal of Business Venturing 31 (3): 272 – 86.  Google Scholar
  115. Schulz, M., D. Urbig, and V. Procher. 2017. “The Role of Hybrid Entrepreneurship in Explaining Multiple Job Holders’ Earnings Structure.” Journal of Business Venturing Insights 7: 9 – 14.  Google Scholar
  116. Schurer, S. and J. Yong. 2012. “Personality, Well-Being and the Marginal Utility of Income: What Can We Learn from Random Coefficient Models?” Health, Econometrics and Data Group (HEDG) Working Papers 12/01. HEDG, c/o Department of Economics, University of York.  Google Scholar
  117. Semrau, T. and A. Werner. 2014. “How Exactly Do Network Relationships Pay Off? The Effects of Network Size and Relationship Quality on Access to Start-Up Resources.” Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice 38 (3): 501 – 25.  Google Scholar
  118. Semrau, T. and A. Werner. 2012. “The Two Sides of the Story: Network Investments and New Venture Creation.” Journal of Small Business Management 50 (1): 159 – 80.  Google Scholar
  119. Sena, V., J. Scott, and S. Roper. 2012. “Gender, Borrowing Patterns and Self-Employment: Some Evidence for England.” Small Business Economics 38 (4): 467 – 80.  Google Scholar
  120. Sexton, D. L. and N. Bowman-Upton. 1990. “Female and Male Entrepreneurs: Psychological Characteristics and Their Role in Gender-Related Discrimination.” Journal of Business Venturing 5 (1): 29 – 36.  Google Scholar
  121. Simoes, N., N. Crespo, and S. B. Moreira. 2016. “Individual Determinant of Self-Employment Entry: What Do We Really Know?” Journal of Economic Surveys 30 (4): 783 – 806.  Google Scholar
  122. Singh, G. and A. DeNoble. 2003. “Early Retirees As the Next Generation of Entrepreneurs.” Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice 27 (3): 207 – 26.  Google Scholar
  123. Sitkin, S. B. and A. L. Pablo. 1992. “Reconceptualizing the Determinants of Risk Behavior.” Academy of Management Review 17 (1): 9 – 38.  Google Scholar
  124. Solesvik, M., P. Westhead, H. Matlay, and V. Parsyak. 2013. “Entrepreneurial Assets and Mindsets: Benefit from University Entrepreneurship Education Investment.” Education + Training 55 (8/9): 748 – 62.  Google Scholar
  125. StataCorp. 2015. Stata User’s Guide, Release 14. College Station. Texas: StataCorp LP.  Google Scholar
  126. Stevenson, B. and J. Wolfers. 2007. “Marriage and Divorce: Changes and Their Driving Forces.” Journal of Economic Perspectives 21 (2): 27 – 52.  Google Scholar
  127. Stevenson, B. and J. Wolfers. 2008. “Economic Growth and Subjective Well-Being: Reassessing the Easterlin Paradox.” Brookings Papers on Economic Activity Spring: 1 – 87.  Google Scholar
  128. Taniguchi, H. 2002. “Determinants of Women’s Entry into Self–Employment.” Social Science Quarterly 83 (3): 875 – 93.  Google Scholar
  129. Taylor, M. 2001. “Self-Employment and Windfall Gains in Britain: Evidence from Panel Data.” Economica 68 (272): 539 – 65.  Google Scholar
  130. Teachman, J., L. Tedrow, and G. Kim. 2013. “The Demography of Families.” In Handbook of Marriage and the Family, edited by G. Peterson and K. Bush, 39 – 63. New York: Springer.  Google Scholar
  131. Theodossiou, I. 2002. “Factors Affecting the Job-to-Joblessness Turnover and Gender.” Labour 16 (4): 729 – 46.  Google Scholar
  132. Thorgren, S., C. Nordström, and J. Wincent. 2014. “Hybrid Entrepreneurship: The Importance of Passion.” Baltic Journal of Management 9 (3): 314 – 29.  Google Scholar
  133. Thorgren, S., C. Sirén, C. Nordström, and J. Wincent. 2016. “Hybrid Entrepreneurs’ Second-Step Choice: The Nonlinear Relationship Between Age and Intention to Enter Full-Time Entrepreneurship.” Journal of Business Venturing Insights 5: 14 – 8.  Google Scholar
  134. Thornton, P. H. 1999. “The Sociology of Entrepreneurship.” Annual Review of Sociology 25: 19 – 46.  Google Scholar
  135. Vaisey, S. and A. Miles. 2017. “What you Can-and Can’t-Do with Three-Wave Panel Data.” Sociological Methods & Research 46 (1): 44 – 67.  Google Scholar
  136. Van Der Sluis, J., M. Van Praag, and W. Vijverberg. 2008. “Education and Entrepreneurship Selection and Performance: A Review of the Empirical Literature.” Journal of Economic Surveys 22 (5): 795 – 841.  Google Scholar
  137. Van Gelderen, M., R. Thurik, and N. Bosma. 2005. “Success and Risk Factors in the Pre-Startup Phase.” Small Business Economics 24 (4): 365 – 80.  Google Scholar
  138. Van Praag, C. M. and H. Van Ophem. 1995. “Determinants of Willingness and Opportunity to Start as an Entrepreneur.” Kyklos 48 (4): 513 – 40.  Google Scholar
  139. Van Solinge, H. 2014. “Who Opts for Self-Employment after Retirement? A Longitundinal Study in the Netherlands.” European Journal of Ageing 11 (3): 261 – 72.  Google Scholar
  140. Verbakel, E. and P. M. De Graaf. 2008. “Resources of the Partner: Support or Restriction in the Occupational Career? Developments in the Netherlands between 1940 and 2003.” European Sociological Review 24 (1): 81 – 95.  Google Scholar
  141. Verbakel, E. and P. M. De Graaf. 2009. “Partner Effects on Labour Market Participation and Job Level: Opposing Mechanisms.” Work, Employment and Society 23 (4): 635 – 54.  Google Scholar
  142. Viljamaa, A. and E. Varamäki. 2015. “Do Persistent and Transitory Hybrid Entrepreneurs Differ?” World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology International Journal of Economics and Management Engineering 9 (3): 936 – 40.  Google Scholar
  143. Viljamaa, A., E. Varamäki, and S. Joensuu-Salo. 2017. “Best of Both Worlds? Persistent Hybrid Entrepreneurship.” Journal of Enterprising Culture 25 (4): 339 – 59.  Google Scholar
  144. Von Greiff, J. 2009. “Displacement and Self-Employment Entry.” Labour Economics 16 (5): 556 – 65.  Google Scholar
  145. Vosko, L. F. 2006. “Precarious Employment: Towards an Improved Understanding of Labour Market Insecurity.” In Precarious Employment: Understanding Labour Market Insecurity in Canada, edited by L. F. Vosko, 4 – 39. Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press.  Google Scholar
  146. Wagner, J. 2005. “Nascent and Infant Entrepreneurs in Germany: Evidence from the Regional Entrepreneurship Monitor (REM).” Discussion Paper No. 1522. Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA).  Google Scholar
  147. Wall, S. 2015. “Dimensions of Precariousness in an Emerging Sector of Self-Employment: A Study of Self-Employed Nurses.” Gender, Work and Organisation 22 (3): 221 – 36.  Google Scholar
  148. Weber, P. and M. Schaper. 2004. “Understanding the Grey Entrepreneur.” Journal of Enterprising Culture 12 (2): 147 – 64.  Google Scholar
  149. Weingart, L. R. and S. B. Sitkin. 1995. “Determinants of Risky Decision-Making Behavior: A Test of the Mediating Role of Risk Perceptions and Propensity.” Academy of Management Journal 38 (6): 1573 – 92.  Google Scholar
  150. Wellington, A. J. 2006. “Self-Employment: The New Solution for Balancing Family and Career?” Labour Economics 13 (3): 357 – 86.  Google Scholar
  151. Welter, F. 2011. “Contextualizing Entrepreneurship – Conceptual Challenges and Ways Forward.” Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice 35 (1): 165 – 84.  Google Scholar
  152. Wennberg, K., T. B. Folta, and F. Delmar. 2006. “A Real Options Model of Stepwise Entry into Self-Employment.” Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research 26 (6,3): 1 – 13.  Google Scholar
  153. Werbel, J. D. and S. M. Danes. 2010. “Work Family Conflict in New Business Ventures: The Moderating Effects of Spousal Commitment to the New Business Venture.” Journal of Small Business Management 48 (3): 421 – 40.  Google Scholar
  154. Wooldridge, J. M. 2006. Introductory Econometrics: A Modern Approach. Mason: Thomson/South-Western.  Google Scholar
  155. Zissimopoulos, J. and L. Karoly. 2007. “Transitions to Self-Employment at Older Ages: The Role of Wealth, Health, Health Insurance, and other Factors.” Labour Economics 14 (2): 269 – 95.  Google Scholar

Abstract

Although hybrid entrepreneurship constitutes a significant share of entrepreneurial activity, research on this topic is still in its infancy. Moreover, in general entrepreneurship research only few studies have investigated intra-couple influences on the decision to be and to become self-employed. Therefore, in the study at hand, we use panel data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP) to analyse whether life partners and their occupational choice relate to wage workers’ propensity to enter full-time entrepreneurship either directly or indirectly via hybrid entrepreneurship. Drawing on social capital theory, this study also tests whether the results are different for men and women. Although hypothesised, we find no empirical evidence for the relevance of life partners and their occupations on direct transition to full-time entrepreneurship. For women, however, our findings do suggest that having a self-employed life partner significantly increases their propensity to enter entrepreneurship indirectly, that is, via hybrid entrepreneurship.

Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Cemre Demir / Meike Stephan / Arndt Werner: How Do Life Partners and Their Occupational Choice Affect the Path of Transition to Entrepreneurship? A Comparison Between Direct and Indirect Entry into Entrepreneurship 47
Abstract 47
1. Introduction 47
2. Literature Overview and Hypotheses Development 49
2.1 Unmasking Hybrid Entrepreneurship as a Stepwise Movement into Entrepreneurship 49
2.2 Social Capital, Risk, and the Decision to Become an Entrepreneur 51
2.3 Gender-Related Differences in the Choice of Routes for Entrepreneurship 53
3. Methodology 54
3.1 Sample 54
3.2 Variables 55
3.2.1 Dependent Variable 47
3.2.2 Independent Variables 47
3.2.3 Control Variables 47
3.3 Analytical Procedure 47
4. Results 47
4.1 Results for Gender-Related Effects of the Role of Social Capital 48
5. Discussion 48
References 48

Contact

Duncker & Humblot GmbH Carl-Heinrich-Becker-Weg 9 12165 Berlin, Deutschland T: +49 30 790006-0

Quick Navigation

2024 Duncker & Humblot GmbH

Powered by CloudPublish

We use cookies to ensure that you get the best experience on our website. Learn more about how we use cookies.