Zahlungsbilanzstruktur, Leitwährungsfunktion und die Zukunft des Dollars
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Zahlungsbilanzstruktur, Leitwährungsfunktion und die Zukunft des Dollars
Credit and Capital Markets – Kredit und Kapital, Vol. 24 (1991), Iss. 4 : pp. 443–467
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Hansjörg Herr, Berlin
References
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Google Scholar -
Minsky, H. P. (1979): Financial Interrelations, The Balance of Payments and the Dollar Crisis. In: Aronson, J. D. (ed.), Debt and the Less Developed Countries, Boulder. - Mundell, R. A. (1968): International Economics, New York / London.
Google Scholar -
Padoa-Schioppa, T., Papadia, F. (1984): Competing Currencies and Monetary Stability. In: Masera, R. S., Triffin, R. (eds.), Europe’s Money, Oxford.
Google Scholar -
Riese, H. (1986): Theorie der Inflation, Tübingen.
Google Scholar -
Riese, H. (1989): Geldpolitik bei Preisniveaustabilität. Anmerkungen zur Politik der Deutschen Bundesbank. In: Ramser, H. J., Riese, H. (Hrsg.), Beiträge zur angewandten Wirtschaftsforschung, Berlin / Heidelberg.
Google Scholar -
Salant, W. (1966): Capital Markets and The Balance of Payments of a Financial Center. In: Triffin, R. u.a. (eds.), Maintaining and Restoring Balance in International Payments, Princeton.
Google Scholar -
Spahn, H.-P. (1989): Währungsstabilität und außenwirtschaftliches Gleichgewicht - Überlegungen zur geldpolitischen Linie der Deutschen Bundesbank. In: Riese, H., Spahn, H.-P. (Hrsg.), Geldpolitik in der ökonomischen Entwicklung der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Regensburg.
Google Scholar -
Stadermann, H.-J. (1987): Der unaufhaltsame Abstieg eines Leitwährungslandes. Kredit und Kapital, Vol. 20.
Google Scholar -
Stützel, W. (1978): Volkswirtschaftliche Saldenmechanik, Tübingen.
Google Scholar -
Swoboda, A. K. (1968): The Euro-Dollar Market: An Interpretation. Essays in International Finance, No. 64, International Finance Section, Princeton University.
Google Scholar -
Vandenbroucke, F. (1985): Conflicts in International Economic Policy and the World Recession: A Theoretical Analysis. Cambridge Journal of Economics, Vol. 9.
Google Scholar -
Vines, D. (1980): Competitiveness, Technical Progress and Balance of Trade Surpluses. The Manchester School, Vol. 48.
Google Scholar -
Westphal, A., Herr, H., Heine, M., Busch, M. (Hrsg.) (1991): Wirtschaftspolitische Konsequenzen der deutschen Vereinigung, Frankfurt/M.
Google Scholar -
Whitman, v. M.N. (1980): Comments zu Dornbusch. Brookings Papers on Economic Activity.
Google Scholar -
Betz, K., Lüken-Klaßen, M. (1989): Weltmarkt und Abhängigkeit. In: Riese, H., Spahn, H.-P. (Hrsg.), Internationale Geldwirtschaft, Regensburg.
Google Scholar -
Blackburn, K., Christensen, M. (1989): Monetary Policy and Policy Credibility: Theories and Evidence. The Journal of Economic Literature, Vol. 17.
Google Scholar -
Bundesbank (1990): Monatsberichte, Januar. – Cohen, B. J. (1971): The Seigniorare Gain of an International Currency: An Empirical Test. Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 85.
Google Scholar -
Calleo, D. P. (1980): Inflation and American Power. Foreign Affairs, Vol. 59.
Google Scholar -
Calleo, D. P., Cleveland van, H. B., Silk, L. (1988): The Dollar and the Defense of the West. Foreign Affairs, Vol. 66.
Google Scholar -
Davidson, P. (1982): Rational Expectation: A Fallacious Foundation for Studying Crucial Decision-Making Processes. Journal of Post-Keynesian Economics, Vol.5.
Google Scholar -
Domar, D. (1950): The Effect of Foreign Investment on the Balance of Payments. The American Economic Review, Vol. 40.
Google Scholar -
Dornbusch, R. (1976): Expectations and Exchange Rate Dynamics. Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 84.
Google Scholar -
Dornbusch, R. (1980): Exchange Rate Economics: Where Do We Stand? Brookings Papers on Economic Activity.
Google Scholar -
Dornbusch, R., Frankel, J. (1988): The Flexible Exchange Rate System. Experience and Alternatives. In: Borner, S. (ed.), International Finance and Trade in a Polycentric World, London.
Google Scholar -
Ford, A. G. (1962): The Gold Standard 1880 – 1914. Britain and Argentina, Oxford.
Google Scholar -
Frankel, J. (1986): The Implications of Mean-Variance Optimization for Four Questions in International Finance. Journal of International Money and Finance, Supplement, March.
Google Scholar -
Grubel, H. G. (1969): The Distribution of Seigniorage from International Liquidity Creation. In: Mundell, R. A., Swoboda, A. K. (eds.), Monetary Problems of the International Economy, Chicago.
Google Scholar -
Guerrieri, P., Padoan, P. C. (1986): Neomercantilism and International Economic Stability. International Organisation, Vol. 38. – Herr, H. (1990): Der bundesdeutsche und japanische Merkantilismus und seine Folgen. In: Spahn, H.
Google Scholar -
P. (Hrsg.), Wirtschaftspolitische Strategien – Probleme ökonomischer Stabilität und Entwicklung in den Industrieländern und der Europäischen Gemeinschaft, Regensburg.
Google Scholar -
Herr, H., Spahn, H.-P. (1989): Staatsverschuldung, Zahlungsbilanz und Wechselkurs. Außenwirtschaftliche Spielräume und Grenzen der Fiskalpolitik, Regensburg.
Google Scholar -
Johnson, H. G. (1969): A Note on Seigniorage and the Social Saving from Substituting Credit for Commodity Money. In: Mundell, R. A., Swoboda, A. K. (eds.), Monetary Problems of the International Economy, Chicago.
Google Scholar -
Keynes, J. M. (1913): Indian Currency and Finance, London. – Keynes, J. M. (1936): Allgemeine Theorie der Beschäftigung, des Zinses und des Geldes, Berlin.
Google Scholar -
Kindleberger, C. P. (1966): Capital Movements and International Payment Adjustment, Konjunkturpolitik, Vol.12.
Google Scholar -
Kindleberger, C. P. (1981): Dominance and Leadership in the International Economy: Exploitation, Public Goods, and Free Riders. International Studies Quarterly, Vol. 25.
Google Scholar -
Kindleberger, C. P. (1983): Key Currencies and Financial Centres. In: Machlup, M. u.a. (eds.), Reflection on a Troubled World Economy, London.
Google Scholar -
Kindleberger, C. P. (1985): The Dollar Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow. Banca Nazionale del Lavoro Quarterly Review, Vol. 38.
Google Scholar -
Kitamura, H. (1941): Zur Theorie des internationalen Handels, Weinfelden.
Google Scholar -
Klein, B. (1974): The Competitive Supply of Money. Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Vol. 6.
Google Scholar -
Klein, B. (1978): Competing Monies, European Monetary Union and the Dollar. In: Fratianni, M., Peeters, T. (eds.), One Money for Europe, New York.
Google Scholar -
Kregel, J. A. (1976): Economic Methodology in the Face of Uncertainty: The Modelling Methods of Keynes and the Post-Keynesians. The Economic Journal, Vol. 86.
Google Scholar -
Krugman, P.R. (1985): Is the Strong Dollar Sustainable? National Bureau of Economic Research, Working Paper 1644.
Google Scholar -
Krugman, P. R. (1989): Vehicle Currencies and The Structure of International Exchange. Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Vol. 12.
Google Scholar -
Lindert, P.H. (1969): Key Currencies and Gold 1900 – 1913, Princeton Studies in International Finance, No. 24.
Google Scholar -
Lucas, R. E. Jr. (1976): Econometric Policy Evaluation: A Critique. In: Brunner, K., Meltzer, A. (eds.), Carnegie-Rochester Series on Public Policy, Vol.1, Amsterdam.
Google Scholar -
Meese, R. (1990): Currency Fluctuations in the Post-Bretton Woods Era. Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 4.
Google Scholar -
Minsky, H. P. (1979): Financial Interrelations, The Balance of Payments and the Dollar Crisis. In: Aronson, J. D. (ed.), Debt and the Less Developed Countries, Boulder. – Mundell, R. A. (1968): International Economics, New York / London.
Google Scholar -
Padoa-Schioppa, T., Papadia, F. (1984): Competing Currencies and Monetary Stability. In: Masera, R. S., Triffin, R. (eds.), Europe’s Money, Oxford.
Google Scholar -
Riese, H. (1986): Theorie der Inflation, Tübingen.
Google Scholar -
Riese, H. (1989): Geldpolitik bei Preisniveaustabilität. Anmerkungen zur Politik der Deutschen Bundesbank. In: Ramser, H. J., Riese, H. (Hrsg.), Beiträge zur angewandten Wirtschaftsforschung, Berlin / Heidelberg.
Google Scholar -
Salant, W. (1966): Capital Markets and The Balance of Payments of a Financial Center. In: Triffin, R. u.a. (eds.), Maintaining and Restoring Balance in International Payments, Princeton.
Google Scholar -
Spahn, H.-P. (1989): Währungsstabilität und außenwirtschaftliches Gleichgewicht – Überlegungen zur geldpolitischen Linie der Deutschen Bundesbank. In: Riese, H., Spahn, H.-P. (Hrsg.), Geldpolitik in der ökonomischen Entwicklung der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Regensburg.
Google Scholar -
Stadermann, H.-J. (1987): Der unaufhaltsame Abstieg eines Leitwährungslandes. Kredit und Kapital, Vol. 20.
Google Scholar -
Stützel, W. (1978): Volkswirtschaftliche Saldenmechanik, Tübingen.
Google Scholar -
Swoboda, A. K. (1968): The Euro-Dollar Market: An Interpretation. Essays in International Finance, No. 64, International Finance Section, Princeton University.
Google Scholar -
Vandenbroucke, F. (1985): Conflicts in International Economic Policy and the World Recession: A Theoretical Analysis. Cambridge Journal of Economics, Vol. 9.
Google Scholar -
Vines, D. (1980): Competitiveness, Technical Progress and Balance of Trade Surpluses. The Manchester School, Vol. 48.
Google Scholar -
Westphal, A., Herr, H., Heine, M., Busch, M. (Hrsg.) (1991): Wirtschaftspolitische Konsequenzen der deutschen Vereinigung, Frankfurt/M.
Google Scholar -
Whitman, v. M.N. (1980): Comments zu Dornbusch. Brookings Papers on Economic Activity.
Google Scholar
Abstract
Balance-of-Payments Pattern, Reserve-Currency Function and the Future of the US Dollar
The quality of a currency as an instrument for safeguarding the value of property may be expressed by the expected ups and downs of its exchange rate. In the last analysis, this quality depends on the relative scarcity of money and, thus, on the national government’s monetary policy. By contrast, there is not of necessity any such relation between net current-balance deficits/surpluses and the quality of a currency as an instrument for safeguarding the value of property. Reserve currencies are atthetop of the international monetary hierarchy and represent the best instrument for keeping the value of property stable. Current-balance deficits run by reserve-currency countries may reflect an international interest in holding the currency concerned. Reservecurrency countries’ deficits on current account stabilize a monetary system since they take the explosives out from a mercantilistic zero-sum game played by non-reservecurrency countries. However, reserve-currency countries are in a position to overexploit their functions by contracting external debts in their own currencies and by subsequently devaluing their currencies. In spite of the fact that the USA’s role has lost in weight in relative terms, internationally, the US dollar will continue to be the number-one currency in the world for quite some time to come. The US dollar’s instability since the 1970s is indicative not so much of the erosion of the international role of the dollar, but of the overexploitation of the US dollar’s reserve-currency function through a policy of “benign neglect” pursued by the US Government