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Die Ordnung der Weltwirtschaft vor dem Ersten Weltkrieg. Die Funktion von europäischem Recht, zwischenstaatlichen Verträgen und Goldstandard beim Ausbau des internationalen Wirtschaftsverkehrs
Journal of Contextual Economics – Schmollers Jahrbuch, Vol. 95 (1975), Iss. 4 : pp. 289–304
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Fischer, Wolfram
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Abstract
The institutional framework of the world economy before World War I was not the result of a theoretical design but came about by piecemeal historical developments which made the British economy the uncontested leader in the system and created the pax britannica. Great Britain could, therefore, stamp her own principles and rules onto the world economy; the other important nations followed her leadership and used her services, mainly in banking, and in the international exchange of capital and services. One by one they tied their currencies to gold and thereby to the pound sterling as the leading currency, making the Bank of England to a lender of last resort, a de facto World Central Bank. Endeavours, mainly by continental European nations, to harmonize laws and set up international institutions fitted into this framework; disturbances at the periphery which occured frequently could not destroy it as long as the core members adhered to it. Only when they went to war against each other, it fell apart