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The Potential of International, Regional, and National Dispute Settlement Mechanisms in Deciding on Issues Concerning Community Interests

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Wolfrum, R. The Potential of International, Regional, and National Dispute Settlement Mechanisms in Deciding on Issues Concerning Community Interests. German Yearbook of International Law, 65(1), 65-86. https://doi.org/10.3790/gyil.2023.296386
Wolfrum, Rüdiger "The Potential of International, Regional, and National Dispute Settlement Mechanisms in Deciding on Issues Concerning Community Interests" German Yearbook of International Law 65.1, 2024, 65-86. https://doi.org/10.3790/gyil.2023.296386
Wolfrum, Rüdiger (2024): The Potential of International, Regional, and National Dispute Settlement Mechanisms in Deciding on Issues Concerning Community Interests, in: German Yearbook of International Law, vol. 65, iss. 1, 65-86, [online] https://doi.org/10.3790/gyil.2023.296386

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The Potential of International, Regional, and National Dispute Settlement Mechanisms in Deciding on Issues Concerning Community Interests

Wolfrum, Rüdiger

German Yearbook of International Law, Vol. 65 (2022), Iss. 1 : pp. 65–86

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Wolfrum, Rüdiger

Abstract

Abstract: The article deals with the question whether international treaties covering community interests can be invoked before international, regional, or national courts with a view towards implementing the objective of such treaties. The court decisions reported and analysed distinguish between a claim to be decided on the merits and the question of standing. The transformation of community interests into human rights claims bridges, so it will be established, the disunion between claims and standing. Apart from that procedural effect, the transformation of community interests leads to the individualisation of concerns of the international community. This simplifies recourse to national courts as well, as the growing number of claims for environmental damages demonstrate. In respect of international courts and tribunals the situation is more complicated although Article 48 of the International Law Commission’s Articles on International Responsibility may be invoked. In that regard, advisory opinions offer a viable alternative to contentious dispute settlement.

Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Rüdiger Wolfrum\nThe Potential of International, Regional, and National Dispute Settlement Mechanisms in Deciding on Issues Concerning Community Interests 65
I. Introduction 65
II. Jurisprudence 69
A. ICJ Order of 23 January 2020 in The Gambia v. Myanmar 69
B. Duarte Agostinho and Others v. Portugal and 32 States before the European Human Rights Court 70
C. The People’s Climate case 71
D. Order of the German Federal Constitutional Court of 24 March 2021 72
III. Interim Conclusion 73
IV. International and National Norms Serving Community Interests: Their Challenges to Dispute Settlement Regimes 75
A. A Brief Recapitulation Concerning the Concept of Community Interest Norms 75
B. Standing and Other Forms of Limiting Jurisdiction of International or National Adjudicative Bodies 76
C. What is the Objective of Reducing the Admissibility of Disputes via the Notion of Standing or Equivalent Rules? 77
D. The Jurisprudence of the ICJ, the German Federal Constitutional Court, and Regional Human Rights Courts Concerning Standing in Disputes Touching on Erga Omnes Obligations? 79
1. The International Court of Justice 79
2. What Was the Equivalent Mechanism of the German Federal Constitutional Court? 82
3. The Situation Under the European Convention on Human Rights 82
E. Who is Bound by a Judgment or Award on Disputes Touching Upon Community Interests: Is There a Possible Impact Different from Being Legally Binding? 83
F. Are Courts Mandated to Decide on Disputes that Have as their Objective also to Implement or Foster Community Interest Driven Regimes? 84
V. Summary and Tentative Suggestions for an Adjustment of National as well as International Adjudicative Systems 85