Menu Expand

Cite JOURNAL ARTICLE

Style

Rohac, D. Divided by the Atlantic: Classical Liberals and Libertarians on International Order. Journal of Contextual Economics – Schmollers Jahrbuch, 99999(), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.3790/schm.2024.360044
Rohac, Dalibor "Divided by the Atlantic: Classical Liberals and Libertarians on International Order" Journal of Contextual Economics – Schmollers Jahrbuch 99999., 2024, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.3790/schm.2024.360044
Rohac, Dalibor (2024): Divided by the Atlantic: Classical Liberals and Libertarians on International Order, in: Journal of Contextual Economics – Schmollers Jahrbuch, vol. 99999, iss. , 1-18, [online] https://doi.org/10.3790/schm.2024.360044

Format

Divided by the Atlantic: Classical Liberals and Libertarians on International Order

Rohac, Dalibor

Journal of Contextual Economics – Schmollers Jahrbuch, Vol. (2024), Online First : pp. 1–18

Additional Information

Article Details

Author Details

Dalibor Rohac, American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research 1789 Massachusetts Avenue, NW 20036 Washington, DC, USA

References

  1. Arrow, K. J. 1950. “A Difficulty in the Concept of Social Welfare.” Journal of Political Economy 58 (4): 328 – 46.  Google Scholar
  2. Bandow, D. 2022. “Do We Really Know Who Is Winning in Ukraine?” Accessed February 22, 2024. The American Conservative, May 26, 2022, https://www.cato.org/commentary/do-we-really-know-who-winning-ukraine.  Google Scholar
  3. Barslund, M. and D. Gros. 2016. “Europe’s Place in the Global Economy – What Does the Last Half Century Suggest for the Future?” Intereconomics 51 (1): 5 – 11.  Google Scholar
  4. Bhagwati, J. and T. N. Srinivasan. 2002. “Trade and Poverty in the Poor Countries.” American Economic Review 92 (2): 180 – 3.  Google Scholar
  5. Brennan, J., B. van der Vossen, and D. Schmidtz. 2017. The Routledge Handbook of Libertarianism. London: Routledge.  Google Scholar
  6. Carafano, J. J. 2022. “Bloated House $40 Billion Ukraine Aid Package Puts Americans Last.” Accessed February 22, 2024. https://www.heritage.org/budget-and-spending/commentary/bloated-house-40-billion-ukraine-aid-package-puts-americans-last.  Google Scholar
  7. Carpenter, T. G. 1980. The Dissenters: American Isolationists and Foreign Policy, 1945 – 1954. PhD dissertation. University of Texas, 1980, 986 pages.  Google Scholar
  8. Chodorov, F. 1947. “A Byzantine Empire of the West?” Accessed February 22, 2024. https://www.lewrockwell.com/1970/01/frank-chodorov/a-byzantine-empire-of-the-west/.  Google Scholar
  9. Chodorov, F. 1980. Fugitive Essays: Selected Writings of Frank Chodorov, edited by C. H. Hamilton. Indianapolis, IN: Liberty Fund.  Google Scholar
  10. Craig, A. 2022. “How the Libertarian Party Became the Reactionary Arm of Trump and Trumpism.” Accessed February 22, 2024. https://theunpopulist.substack.com/p/how-the-libertarian-party-became?r=6jqoy&s=w&utm_campaign=post&utm_medium=web.  Google Scholar
  11. Deudney, D. and G. J. Ikenberry. 1999. “The nature and sources of liberal international order.” Review of International Studies 25 (2): 179 – 96.  Google Scholar
  12. Drezner, D. W. 2019. “Charles Koch and George Soros teamed up on a new foreign-policy think tank. I have questions.” Accessed February 22, 2024. https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2019/07/11/some-questions-about-quincy-institute/.  Google Scholar
  13. Einaudi, L. 1945. “I problemi economici della federazione europea.” Accessed February 22, 2024. http://www.luigieinaudi.it/doc/i-problemi-economici-della-federazione-europea-2/?id=282.  Google Scholar
  14. Eurostat. 2022. “Third quarter of 2021: Government debt down to 97.7 % of GDP in euro area.” Accessed February 22, 2024. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/2995521/14176362/2-21012022-AP-EN.pdf/4785530c-a1dc-5d07-1e94-acb29d9986a7.  Google Scholar
  15. Greif, A. 1999. “Self-Enforcing Political Systems and Economic Growth: Late Medieval Genoa.” In Analytic Narratives, edited by A. Greif, R. H. Bates, M. Levi, J.-L. Rosenthal, and B. R. Weingast, 23 – 63. Princeton NJ: Princeton University Press.  Google Scholar
  16. Van de Haar, E. 2009. Classical Liberalism and International Relations Theory: Hume, Smith, Mises, and Hayek. London: Palgrave Macmillan.  Google Scholar
  17. Van de Haar, E. 2022. “Ludwig von Mises and Friedrich Hayek: Federation as Last Resort.” Cosmos + Taxis 10 (11 – 12): 104 – 18.  Google Scholar
  18. Van de Haar, E. 2023. Human Nature and World Affairs: An Introduction to Classical Liberalism and International Relations Theory. London: Institute of Economic Affairs.  Google Scholar
  19. Hartwell, R. M. 1995. A History of the Mont Pelerin Society. Indianapolis IN: Liberty Fund.  Google Scholar
  20. Hayek, F. A. (1939) 1948. “The Economic Conditions of Interstate Federalism.” In Individualism and Economic Order, edited by F. A. Hayek, 255 – 71. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.  Google Scholar
  21. Henderson, T. M. (ed.) 2018. The Cambridge Handbook of Classical Liberal Thought. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.  Google Scholar
  22. International Monetary Fund 2021. “People’s Republic of China: 2020 Article IV Consultation-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for the People’s Republic of China.”Accessed February 22, 2024. https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/CR/Issues/2021/01/06/Peoples-Republic-of-China-2020-Article-IV-Consultation-Press-Release-Staff-Report-and-49992.  Google Scholar
  23. Leeson, P. T. 2006. “Efficient Anarchy.” Public Choice 130 (1 – 2): 41 – 53.  Google Scholar
  24. Leeson, P. T. 2008. “Social Distance and Self‐Enforcing Exchange.” Journal of Legal Studies 37 (1): 161 – 88.  Google Scholar
  25. Lippman, D. 2021. “A war over Russia has erupted at the Atlantic Council.” Accessed February 22, 2024. https://www.politico.com/news/2021/03/11/atlantic-council-russia-us-policy-475297.  Google Scholar
  26. Lonas, L. 2022. “Here are the 11 GOP senators who voted against the Ukraine aid bill.” Accessed February 22, 2024. https://thehill.com/homenews/senate/3495060-here-are-the-11-republican-senators-who-voted-against-the-ukraine-aid-bill/.  Google Scholar
  27. Matthews, L. 2022. “Why the West Doesn’t Get Russia.” Accessed February 22, 2024. https://mises.org/power-market/why-west-doesnt-get-russia.  Google Scholar
  28. Mearsheimer, J. J. 1994. “The False Promise of International Institutions.” International Security 19 (3): 5 – 49.  Google Scholar
  29. Mises, L. 1944. Omnipotent Government: The Rise of the Total State and Total War. New Haven CT: Yale University Press.  Google Scholar
  30. Ostrom, V. 1991. The Meaning of American Federalism: Constituting a Self-Governing Society. San Francisco CA: Center for Contemporary Studies.  Google Scholar
  31. Peart, S. J. and D. M. Levy (eds.) 2008. The Street Porter and the Philosopher: Conversations on Analytical Egalitarianism. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.  Google Scholar
  32. Posen, B. R. 2014. Restraint: A New Foundation for US Grand Strategy. Ithaca NY: Cornell University Press.  Google Scholar
  33. PriceWaterhouseCoopers. 2017. “The World in 2050. The long view: how will the global economic order change by 2050”? Accessed February 22, 2024. https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/research-insights/economy/the-world-in-2050.html#keyprojections.  Google Scholar
  34. Reinhoudt, J. and S. Audier. 2018. The Walter Lippmann Colloquium: The Birth of Neo-Liberalism. London: Palgrave Macmillan.  Google Scholar
  35. Roberts, P. C. 2022. “A Quick Decisive Victory Can Prevent a Wider War.” Accessed February 22, 2024. https://www.lewrockwell.com/2022/03/paul-craig-roberts/a-quick-decisive-victory-can-prevent-a-wider-war/.  Google Scholar
  36. Roháč, D. 2023. “From Mont Pelerin to Quantico: Classical liberalism, markets, and hard power in the thought of Stefan T. Possony.” Mimeo.  Google Scholar
  37. Röpke, W. 1942. International Economic Disintegration. London: William Hodge.  Google Scholar
  38. Rothbard, M. N. 1970. “For a New Liberty: The Libertarian Manifesto.” Accessed February 22, 2024. https://www.lewrockwell.com/1970/01/murray-n-rothbard/subverting-peace-and-freedom-2/.  Google Scholar
  39. Rothbard, M. N. 2002. The Ethics of Liberty. New York: New York University Press.  Google Scholar
  40. Rueff, J. and L. Armand. 1960. “Les obstacles à l’expansion économique. Rapport présenté par le Comité institué par décret n°59 – 1284 du 13 novembre 1959. ” Accessed February 22, 2024. https://www.vie-publique.fr/sites/default/files/rapport/pdf/074000508.pdf.  Google Scholar
  41. Sally, R. 1998. Classical Liberalism and International Economic Order. Studies in Theory and Intellectual History. London: Routledge.  Google Scholar
  42. Stępień, M. 2022. “Atak na Ukrainę a prawo międzynarodowe.” Accessed February 22, 2024. https://mises.pl/blog/2022/03/10/atak-na-ukraine-a-prawo-miedzynarodowe/.  Google Scholar
  43. Stromberg, J. R. 1999. “Frank Chodorov: A Libertarian’s Libertarian.” Accessed February 22, 2024. http://www.antiwar.com/stromberg/?articleid=3339.  Google Scholar
  44. Swan, J. and M. Haberman. 2023. “DeSantis, Backing Away From Ukraine, Angers G.O. P. Hawks.” Accessed February 22, 2024.https://www.nytimes.com/2023/03/14/us/politics/ron-desantis-ukraine-republicans.html.  Google Scholar
  45. Waltz, K. N. 1979. Theory of International Politics. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.  Google Scholar
  46. Waltz, K. N. 1998. “Interviewed by Fred Halliday and Justin Rosenberg.” Review of International Studies 24 (3): 371 – 86.  Google Scholar
  47. Wilson, W. 1917. “Joint Address to Congress Leading to a Declaration of War against Germany.” Accessed February 22, 2024. https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/address-to-congress-declaration-of-war-against-germany.  Google Scholar
  48. World Bank. 2022. “World Development Indicators.” Accessed February 22, 2024. https://data.worldbank.org/.  Google Scholar

Abstract

Classical liberals have been more preoccupied by domestic policy and institutions than by international affairs. This paper makes the case for a classical liberal foreign policy outlook that could address the collective challenges facing free societies. In the United States, libertarian foreign policy thinking has been outsourced to structural realism. However, in the form in which it is deployed to make the case for restraint, such realism often contradicts basic analytic and normative tenets of classical liberalism. The current international situation is a wake-up call for classical liberals to rethink and update their foreign policy intuition to an era in which the international environment seems less conducive to classical liberal values than much of the post-war period.