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Law, Politics, and Morality: European Perspectives III

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Ferrer Beltrán, J., Pozzolo, S. (Eds.) (2007). Law, Politics, and Morality: European Perspectives III. Ethics and Social Justice. Duncker & Humblot. https://doi.org/10.3790/978-3-428-50946-1
Ferrer Beltrán, Jordi and Pozzolo, Susanna. Law, Politics, and Morality: European Perspectives III: Ethics and Social Justice. Duncker & Humblot, 2007. Book. https://doi.org/10.3790/978-3-428-50946-1
Ferrer Beltrán, J, Pozzolo, S (eds.) (2007): Law, Politics, and Morality: European Perspectives III: Ethics and Social Justice, Duncker & Humblot, [online] https://doi.org/10.3790/978-3-428-50946-1

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Law, Politics, and Morality: European Perspectives III

Ethics and Social Justice

Editors: Ferrer Beltrán, Jordi | Pozzolo, Susanna

Schriften zur Rechtstheorie, Vol. 215/III

(2007)

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Abstract

The volume Ethics and Social Justice closes the series Law, Politics, and Morality: European Perspectives. This third volume collects the papers presented at the third meeting of the series PhD Euroconferences in Legal Philosophy, founded by the European Commission, held at the University of Genoa (Italy) between 13-15 November 2003, in which approximately sixty European scholars participated.

This series was inserted into the more ambitious project to contribute to the development of the E.R.A. (European Research Area) and to the discussion an increasing political activities within the European Union. The three congresses were an important occasion which enabled us to make the point of research integration in the field of Legal Philosophy, its lines and perspectives. After a debate on political philosophy and legal theory, we discussed some of the most important aspects of moral philosophy connected to law.

Since the 1980s the EU institutional and social models have been under disussion. The globalization process has quickened the debate, above all, due to the increase in world economic competition. From this, the ethics thematic has become central in the future development of the European social model. We selected two important subjects: scientific progress and poverty.

Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Contents 5
Introduction 7
I. Genetics and Scientific Progress 13
Olivier Leclerc: Scientific Expertise and Judicial Decision Making: Comparative Insights 15
1. A ‘Scientific Legality’: A Legal Construction of Science Before a Trial 17
1.1. The Official Lists of Court-appointed Experts 17
1.1.1. Expert’s Registration on a Court-appointed Experts List 18
1.1.2. The Nomenclature of Scientific Fields 19
1.2. The Professionalization of Experts 19
2. A ‘Jurisdictional Epistemology’: The Judges as Gatekeepers Against ‘Junk Science’ 20
2.1. The Judge’s Gatekeeper Function 21
2.2. The Jurisdictional Criteria for Good Science 21
2.3. The Spectre of ‘Junk Science’ 22
3. Conclusion 24
References 25
Paolo Donadoni: Some Preliminary Questions Concerning Human Cloning 27
1. Subject 27
2. A Classification of Techniques 27
3. Human Reproductive Somatic Nuclear Cloning 33
4. ‘Reproductive Cloning’ versus ‘Therapeutic Cloning’ – How can the Notion of Therapy be Extended? 37
5. ‘Reproductive’ versus ‘Non-reproductive’ Cloning – What is the Biological/Temporal Point (of no Return) that Determines the Reproductivity of the Human Nuclear Cloning Process? 41
References 47
Pascal Lokiec: Some Comments on the Law of Biomedical Research 51
1. Biomedical Research Law as Self-Regulation 51
1.1. The Legal Regime 52
1.1.1. French Law 52
1.1.2. The Law in the United Kingdom and in the United States 54
1.2. Understanding the Originality 54
2. The Challenge to Comparative Law 55
2.1. The Comparison of Models 56
2.2. The Context of Application of the Norm 57
References 57
Macario Alemany: Paternalism and Bioethics 59
References 74
Silvina Alvarez: Medical Care and Patients’ Decision Making: The Building of the Options in a Situation of Dependency 77
1. Patients’ Decision Making: A Subjective Capacity on Existing Conditions 78
2. Informed Consent 83
2.1. Definition 83
2.2. Relevant Information and the Exceptions to Informed Consent 87
3. Waiving Autonomy: Rejection or Affirmation of Self-determination? 90
3.1. Permanent Abdication of Autonomy 91
3.2. Transitory Waiver of Autonomy 94
References 97
Pablo de Lora: Is there a Right to Health Care? 99
1. Introduction 99
2. A Right to Health Care: The Libertarian Objection 100
3. Positive and Negative Rights 102
4. Quality Adjusted Life Years 103
5. Fairness, Equality, and the Right to Health Care 106
5.1. Health Care and Equality of Opportunities 107
5.2. Health Care and Equality of Resources 108
6. Taking Libertarianism Seriously 110
7. Some Tentative Conclusions and two Caveats 115
References 117
II. Poverty, Fundamental Rights and Social Justice 119
Paula Gaido: Do the Poor have the Duty to Obey the Law? 121
References 129
Susanna Pozzolo: Poverty and Protection of Constitutional Liberties: Two Irreconcilable Perspectives? Freedom from Poverty as a Fundamental Right 131
1. Liberal Freedoms, Poverty, and the Market 131
1.1. The Contract and the Market 135
1.2. Poverty 136
2. Market, Resources, and Benefits 137
2.1. Market: Merits and Responsabilities 143
3. Freedom from Poverty 146
Reference 151
Marisa Iglesias Vila: Poverty and Humanity: Individual Duties and the Moral Point of View 155
References 187
Francesco Biondo: Poverty as Failed Exercise of Rights? Some Theoretical Problems 191
1. The Account of Poverty in Mainstream Economics, for and Against 192
2. Sen’s Account of Poverty 194
3. Social Policies and Assessment of Deprivation 195
4. Poverty as Lack of Capabilities: Descriptive Analysis or Normative Approach? 198
5. Concluding Remarks 200
References 202
Isabel Fanlo Cortés: Poverty and Access to Justice: Rethinking Legal Aid Models 205
1. Introduction 205
2. The Evolution of Legal Aid Models: Some Solutions and their Problems 208
2.1. The ‘Charitable’ Model 209
2.2. The ‘Judicare’ Model 210
2.3. Towards a ‘Combined’ Model 213
3. Justice for the Poor in the Hands of the Lawyers? 215
References 223
Victoria Roca: Rights and Borders. Alienage as an Immutable Characteristic: Current Practices on Alien Exclusion under Scrutiny 229
1. Introduction 229
2. The European Court of Human Rights Judgements on Immigration-related Issues 233
3. Immigration, Frontiers, and Asylum Policies in the E.U. 239
4. Conversations on Legitimacy at the Border Line 240
5. The Principle of Human Dignity and the Egalitarian Requirements 248
Afterword 251
References 251
Eszter Csernus: HIV Status in Hungarian Law and Practice – Immigration, Social Care, Education, and Employment 253
About the Authors 259