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The Effects of Globalization on National Labor Markets: Diagnosis and Therapy
Editors: Snower, Dennis J. | Winkelmann, Rainer | Zimmermann, Klaus F.
Applied Economics Quarterly. Supplements, Vol. 57
(2006)
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Abstract
Die Auswirkungen der Globalisierung werden vielfach als Bedrohung für die nationalen (Arbeits)Märkte angesehen. Die 69. Wissenschaftliche Konferenz widmete sich deshalb dem aktuellen Thema "Auswirkungen der Globalisierung auf nationale Arbeitsmärkte: Diagnose und Therapie". Vor dem Hintergrund hoher Arbeitslosenzahlen wurde mit dieser Konferenz ein Beitrag zur wirtschaftspolitischen Beratung der Bundesregierung geleistet. In den Vorträgen und Diskussionen wurden die Implikationen globalisierter Arbeitsmärkte beispielsweise für die Geld- und Fiskalpolitik, die Bedeutung der (De-)Regulierung in einem globalisierten Arbeitsmarkt und die Arbeitsmarkteffekte durch Outsourcing behandelt. Andere Vorträge widmeten sich dem Thema Einkommensausgleich und Wirtschaftseffizienz, der Förderung des Niedriglohnsektors und der Humankapitalbildung als Bestandteil der Wirtschaftspolitik.Die Vorträge und Diskussionsbeiträge stützten die These, dass die Globalisierung nicht die Hauptursache für die Probleme am deutschen Arbeitsmarkt - insbesondere für die Langzeitarbeitslosigkeit und gering Qualifizierte - darstellt, die Auswirkungen anderer Ursachen aber verstärken. Als Lösungsvorschläge wurden genannt: Flexibilisierungen am Arbeitsmarkt, Ausgestaltung der Sozialleistungen im Zusammenhang mit Arbeitslosigkeit als Hilfen zur Arbeitsaufnahme, Qualifizierung von Arbeitnehmern sowie auch gesteuerte Zuwanderung statt Abschottung der Märkte.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Editorial | 5 | ||
| Contents | 7 | ||
| Richard Layard: Full Employment for Europe | 9 | ||
| Abstract | 9 | ||
| Introduction | 10 | ||
| 1. The Cost of Unemployment | 11 | ||
| 2. Expanding the Number of Jobs | 12 | ||
| 3. Unemployment and Vacancies | 13 | ||
| 4. How Unemployed People are Treated | 15 | ||
| 5. Regional Wage Flexibility | 20 | ||
| 6. Transition Countries | 21 | ||
| 7. Conclusion | 21 | ||
| References | 22 | ||
| Justin van de Ven and Martin Weale: Equality and Efficiency: Policy for Globalisation | 23 | ||
| Abstract | 23 | ||
| 1. Introduction | 23 | ||
| 2. Protection | 25 | ||
| 3. Social Security and the Labour Market | 27 | ||
| 4. Conclusions | 32 | ||
| References | 33 | ||
| Christian Dreger and Stefan Kooths: The Effect of Globalization on Aggregate Labour Demand in EU countries | 35 | ||
| Abstract | 35 | ||
| 1. Introduction | 35 | ||
| 2. Labour Demand Behaviour | 37 | ||
| 3. Cointegration and Error Correction Analysis | 38 | ||
| 4. Trade Openness and Long Run Elasticities | 43 | ||
| 5. Conclusions | 45 | ||
| References | 45 | ||
| Herbert S. Buscher: The Effect of Globalization on Aggregate Labour Demand in EU Countries – Comment | 47 | ||
| 1. Intro | 47 | ||
| 2. How to Model the Influence of Globalization and Trade Liberalization on Labour Demand? | 47 | ||
| 3. How Did the Authors Account for Globalization? | 49 | ||
| 4. How Would we Set up the Test Equations? | 50 | ||
| 5. Modeling the Effects of Globalization on Labor Demand | 51 | ||
| 6. What Conclusions and Suggestions Can Be Drawn from the Paper? | 52 | ||
| Robert Jäckle: The Impact of FDI on the Skill Structure in German Manufacturing | 55 | ||
| Abstract | 55 | ||
| 1. Introduction | 55 | ||
| 2. Theoretical Considerations | 57 | ||
| 2.1 Vertical FDI | 57 | ||
| 2.2 Horizontal FDI | 58 | ||
| 3. Related Literature | 59 | ||
| 4. Data and Descriptives | 60 | ||
| 5. Specification Issues and Econometric Results | 64 | ||
| 5.1 Specification | 64 | ||
| 5.2 Results | 68 | ||
| 6. Conclusions | 71 | ||
| References | 72 | ||
| Appendix | 73 | ||
| Alexander Lipponer: The Impact of FDI on the Skill Structure in German Manufacturing – Comment | 79 | ||
| 1. Introduction | 79 | ||
| 2. Body of Data | 79 | ||
| 3. Estimation | 80 | ||
| 4. Remarks | 81 | ||
| References | 82 | ||
| Peter Nunnenkamp: Relocation, Offshoring and Labour Market Repercussions: The Case of the German Automobile Industry in Central Europe | 83 | ||
| Abstract | 83 | ||
| 1. Introduction | 83 | ||
| 2. Analytical Background and Earlier Findings | 85 | ||
| 3. Relocation of Car Assembly to Central Europe | 89 | ||
| 4. Offshoring Production of Autoparts | 91 | ||
| 5. Labour Market Implications | 94 | ||
| 6. Summary and Conclusions | 99 | ||
| References | 101 | ||
| Andre Jungmittag: Relocation, Offshoring and Labour Market Repercussions: The Case of the German Automobile Industry in Central Europe – Comment | 105 | ||
| 1. International Production Fragmentation and Vertical FDI | 106 | ||
| 2. Overlapping of De-industrialisation, Innovativeness and Production Fragmentation | 107 | ||
| 3. Econometric Analysis is Needed | 108 | ||
| Summary | 110 | ||
| Zusammenfassung | 110 | ||
| References | 110 | ||
| Alexander Spermann: Basic Income Reform in Germany: Better Gradualism than Cold Turkey | 113 | ||
| Abstract | 113 | ||
| 1. Introduction | 113 | ||
| 2. Key Problems on the Labor Market and the Design of Basic Income Support | 114 | ||
| 3. Distorting Incentives Effects and the Unemployment Trap in 2006 | 116 | ||
| 4. Proposed Solution: The Four-Component Model of Fair Basic Income Support: a Means-Tested Combi-Wage Model for the Long-Term Unemployed | 119 | ||
| 5. Employment Effects and Fiscal Impact | 126 | ||
| 6. The Advantages of the Gradualism Strategy Compared with the Cold Turkey Strategy | 127 | ||
| 7. Conclusion | 128 | ||
| References | 129 | ||
| Steffen J. Roth: Basic Income Reform in Germany: Better Gradualism than Cold Turkey – Comment | 131 | ||
| Abstract | 131 | ||
| 1. General Remarks on Wage Subsidies | 132 | ||
| 1.1 Wage Subsidies Contradict Fundamental Principles of the Tax-Transfer-System | 132 | ||
| 1.2 Wage Subsidies Do Not Have an Unambiguously Positive Effect on Work Effort | 133 | ||
| 1.3 Wage Subsidies Often Include a Fiscal Risk | 134 | ||
| 2. The Instruments In the Four-Component Model | 134 | ||
| 2.1 The Cutting of the Transfer Claim | 134 | ||
| 2.2 The Willful Neglect of Claimants’ Earned Income | 135 | ||
| 2.3 The Component of the Negative Income Tax | 137 | ||
| 2.4 The Component of Community Work | 138 | ||
| 3. Wage Subsidies Have Grave Adverse Side-effects in the Medium and Long Term | 139 | ||
| 4. Conclusion | 140 | ||
| References | 140 | ||
| Participants | 143 |