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German Yearbook of International Law / Jahrbuch für Internationales Recht

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Giegerich, T., Proelß, A. (Eds.) (2010). German Yearbook of International Law / Jahrbuch für Internationales Recht. Vol. 52 (2009). Duncker & Humblot. https://doi.org/10.3790/978-3-428-53375-6
Giegerich, Thomas and Proelß, Alexander. German Yearbook of International Law / Jahrbuch für Internationales Recht: Vol. 52 (2009). Duncker & Humblot, 2010. Book. https://doi.org/10.3790/978-3-428-53375-6
Giegerich, T, Proelß, A (eds.) (2010): German Yearbook of International Law / Jahrbuch für Internationales Recht: Vol. 52 (2009), Duncker & Humblot, [online] https://doi.org/10.3790/978-3-428-53375-6

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German Yearbook of International Law / Jahrbuch für Internationales Recht

Vol. 52 (2009)

Editors: Giegerich, Thomas | Proelß, Alexander

German Yearbook of International Law / Jahrbuch für Internationales Recht, Vol. 52

(2010)

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Abstract

The German Yearbook of International Law, founded as the Jahrbuch für Internationales Recht, provides an annual report on new developments in international law and is edited by the Walther Schücking Institute for International Law at the University of Kiel. Since its inception in 1948, the Yearbook has endeavored to make a significant academic contribution to the ongoing development of international law. Over many decades the Yearbook has moved beyond its origins as a forum for German scholars to publish their research and has become a highly-regarded international forum for innovative scholarship in international law. In 1976, the Yearbook adopted its current title and began to publish contributions written in English in order to reach the largest possible international audience. This editorial decision has enabled the Yearbook to successfully overcome traditional language barriers and inform an international readership about current research in German academic institutions and, at the same time, to present international viewpoints to its German audience. Fully aware of the paramount importance of international practice, the Yearbook publishes contributions from active practitioners of international law on a regular basis. The Yearbook also includes critical comments on German state practice relating to international and EU law, as well as international reactions to that practice.

Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Contents 5
FORUM 9
Thomas Giegerich: The Federal Constitutional Court’s Judgment on the Treaty of Lisbon – The Last Word (German) Wisdom Ever Has to Say on a United Europe? 9
A. Introduction: The Federal Constitutional Court as Substitute Political Forum 9
B. Admissibility of the Constitutional Complaints against the Treaty of Lisbon 10
I. Right to Vote in German Federal Parliamentary Elections: The Key to the Court’s Supervisory Power 11
II. Political Questions? – The Two Extraordinary Features of the Lisbon Judgment 13
III. The Permanent Integration of Germany into a United Europe: How Was an Insurance Policy Turned into an Accident? 14
C. Merits: Aiming at Europe – But Hitting only Home Soil 17
I. Eternal Cementation of German Sovereign Statehood 17
II. Trying to Stem the Disempowerment of Germany in General and the German Parliament in Particular 19
1. The Court’s Partially Considered Starting Point: Characterizing the EU as an Inter-Governmental Organization under Public International Law 19
2. The Four Alleged Consequences of the Basic Law’s Democratic Principle 21
3. Protecting German State and Popular Sovereignty by Claiming the Final Say for the Federal Constitutional Court 22
a) The Federal Constitutional Court’s Role as Ultimate Arbiter of the Basic Law: Reserving “Identity Review” of European Acts 23
b) The Federal Constitutional Court’s Role as Ultimate Arbiter of the EU Treaty: Reserving “Ultra Vires Review” of European Acts 25
c) Should the German Legislature Enact the Court’s Claimed Review Powers into Law? 29
III. Guaranteeing Democracy at EU Level 30
1. Bolstering EU Democracy by Strengthening Its National Component 30
a) Preventing the German Parliament from Transferring too Many Powers to the EU 30
b) Extending the German Parliament’s Final Say with Regard to German EU Policy 32
2. Curing the Democratic Deficit of the EU by Delegitimizing the European Parliament? 34
D. Legislative Follow-Up in Germany: Transforming the Court’s Precepts into Statutory Law 38
I. The New Veto Rights of the Bundestag in EU Matters 38
II. Avoiding Making the German Ratification of the Lisbon Treaty Subject to a Reservation 40
E. Conclusion: Learning to Thrive Cautiously with Unexploded Ordnance 41
FOCUS SECTION: CHANCES AND CHALLENGES OF REGIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS PROTECTION 45
Gina Bekker: The African Human Rights System: An Uphill Struggle 45
A. Introduction 45
B. Human Rights on the Periphery: Historical Context to the Adoption of the African Charter 47
C. The African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights: The Paradox of Sameness and Difference 49
D. The African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights: An Assessment 52
I. The Promotion of Human Rights: A Series of Missed Opportunities 53
II. The Protection of Human Rights: Two Steps Forward … 56
E. Transformation of the OAU into the AU and the Fragmentation of Rights Protection 62
I. The Protocol Establishing an African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights 63
II. ‘Supplementing’ Article 18 (3) of the African Charter: The Adoption of Additional Instruments on Women and Children 69
F. Merger of the African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights and the African Court of Justice – the First Step Towards Consolidation? 72
G. Conclusion 73
Kamran Hashemi: Muslim States, Regional Human Rights Systems and the Organization of the Islamic Conference 75
A. Introduction 75
B. Muslim States, Regionalism and Human Rights 77
C. Muslim Law (Muslim Legal Traditions) in its Historical Context, and the Concept of Rights 82
D. The Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam 86
E. The Arab League and the New Arab Charter on Human Rights 89
F. The OIC’s New Internal Approach to the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights 94
I. Covenant on the Rights of the Child in Islam 95
II. The New Vision of the OIC 97
III. The OIC Ten-Year Program of Action 98
IV. The New OIC Charter 99
V. Initial Steps to Form the OIC Permanent Human Rights Commission 100
G. Concluding Remarks 103
Peter Malanczuk: Regional Protection of Human Rights in the Asia-Pacific Region 107
A. Introduction 107
B. The Arab Charter of Human Rights 109
C. Developments in ASEAN 111
I. The 1993 Bangkok Declaration 111
II. The 2007 ASEAN Charter 113
III. The ASEAN Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights (AICHR) 117
IV. Other ASEAN Proposals (Women, Children and Migrant Workers) 121
D. Towards a Regional Human Rights Mechanism for the Pacific Region? 122
I. Pacific Community, Pacific Island Forum, and Pacific Islands 122
II. The 1989 Draft Pacific Charter of Human Rights 123
III. The 2005 Pacific Plan and New Designs for a Regional Pacific Human Rights Mechanism 124
E. Prospects for Australia and New Zealand in a Regional Human Rights Mechanism 128
F. The Role of National Human Rights Institutions 129
G. Evaluation and Concluding Remarks 131
Michael O’Boyle and John Darcy: The European Court of Human Rights: Accomplishments, Predicaments and Challenges 139
A. Creation and First Stage of Development 141
I. Formative Years 142
II. Mounting Challenges 145
B. Metamorphosis 147
I. Court Organization and Operation 148
II. Inter-State Jurisdiction 152
III. Interim Measures 153
C. Accomplishments: The Contribution of the Court as a “Constitutional Instrument of European Public Order” 155
I. Direct and Indirect Impact 157
II. Systemic Implications 159
III. Distant Effects 160
D. The Statistics of Case Overload 161
E. Reform Measures 164
I. Protocol No. 14 164
II. Wise Persons Report 166
III. A New Architecture for the Convention System? 168
1. National Measures – The Need for a Holistic and Systematic Strategy 170
2. Preserving but Qualifying the Right of Individual Petition 172
3. A More Efficient Filtering System 174
4. Tapping the Potential of the Pilot Judgment 175
5. Strengthening Links with the National Judiciary: Advisory Opinions 177
F. Conclusion 179
Jo M. Pasqualucci: The Inter-American Human Rights System: Progress Made and Still To Be Made 181
A. Introduction 181
B. Brief History of the Inter-American Human Rights System 184
C. American Convention on Human Rights 186
D. Inter-American Commission on Human Rights 190
E. Inter-American Court of Human Rights 195
I. The Evolution of the Victim’s Role before the Inter-American Court 197
II. The Role of the Inter-American Commission before the Court 199
III. Procedural Efficiency 200
IV. Amicus Curiae, Increased Participation of Civil Society 202
V. Human Rights Precedents Established by the Inter-American Court 202
VI. Reparations 206
VII. Advisory Jurisdiction 212
VIII. Interim Measures 213
F. Increased Range of Human Rights Protections 217
G. Challenges to the System; Progress Still to be Made 219
I. Under-Funding 219
II. Failure of OAS Political Organs to Oversee State Compliance 222
III. Lack of Universality 223
IV. Lack of Domestic Implementation 225
V. Non Transparency in the Nomination and Election of Commissioners and Judges 227
H. Conclusion 228
SYMPOSIUM: THE NORD STREAM PIPELINE: LEGAL, ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES 231
Roland Götz: The Nord Stream Pipeline: The Energy Policy Background 233
A. European Gas Demand 233
B. Gazprom’s Diversification Strategy and European Pipeline Policy 235
C. Gazprom’s Strategy: Commercial or Political Intentions 236
D. Gazprom’s Strategies and European Energy Security Policy 239
E. Further Reading 240
Sergei Vinogradov: Challenges of Nord Stream: Streamlining International Legal Frameworks and Regimes for Submarine Pipelines 241
A. Introduction 241
I. International Pipelines: The Context 241
II. Evolving Legal Regimes for Cross-Border Pipelines 245
B. Cross-Border Submarine Pipelines: The Case of Nord Stream 249
I. Types of Submarine Pipelines 249
II. The Nord Stream Pipeline Project: Legally Relevant Factors 256
1. Background 256
2. The Pipeline Route: Legal Implications 259
3. The Pipeline and Marine Environment: Legal Aspects 265
C. International Legal Frameworks for Submarine Pipelines 269
I. Introductory Remarks 269
II. Global Legal Framework: UNCLOS 274
1. Territorial Sea 276
2. High Seas 278
3. EEZ and Continental Shelf 280
III. Regional Legal Frameworks: The Baltic Sea Context 286
D. Conclusion 289
Timo Koivurova and Ismo Pölönen: Transboundary Environmental Impact Assessment in the Case of the Baltic Sea Gas Pipeline 293
A. Introduction 293
B. Transboundary EIA in the Case of the BSGP – A Challenge to the Espoo Convention 300
C. How the Transboundary EIA was Organized in the Case of the BSGP 304
I. Arrangements at the Transboundary Level 304
II. The Transboundary EIA as it is Linked to the Finnish EIA Procedure 309
III. Comments on the Espoo Report 314
D. How Should the BSGP Transboundary EIA Have Been Done? 318
E. Concluding Remarks 322
Stefan Leible: Private International Law: Contracts for the Delivery of Gas 327
A. Introduction 327
B. Long-Term Gas Supply Contracts with Take-or-Pay (ToP) Conditions 328
C. Contract Drafting 329
I. Applicable Law 329
1. Principle 329
2. Problems with State Contracts 331
II. Content of the Contract 333
1. Price Clauses 333
(a) Price Indexing 333
(b) Price Adaptation 335
2. Force majeure clauses 336
D. Dispute Resolution 337
E. Conclusion 340
Richard Happ: The Nord Stream Pipeline: Settlement of Disputes under the Energy Charter Treaty? 341
A. What is the Energy Charter Treaty? 342
B. ECT Dispute Settlement Mechanisms 346
C. How Have the Dispute Settlement Mechanisms Been Used in Practice? 350
D. The ECT and the Disputes Relating to the Nord Stream Pipeline 351
E. Conclusion 354
Achim-R. Börner: Comment on the Private Law Aspects of the Nord Stream Pipeline 355
A. Construction and Repairs 356
B. Financing 359
I. Cash Flow 359
II. Pipeline 359
C. Transportation 363
D. Maintenance 364
E. Officers and Staff 365
F. Compliance 365
G. Insurance 366
GENERAL ARTICLES 367
Paul David Mora: The Legality of Civil Jurisdiction over Torture under the Universal Principle 367
A. The Framework of Jurisdiction under International Law 367
B. Conventional International Law: The 1984 Convention against Torture 371
I. The Obligation to Provide a Civil Remedy for Acts of Torture under Article 14 CAT 371
II. Article 14 (2) CAT 379
C. Customary International Law 380
I. The Universal Principle 380
II. Jus Cogens and the erga omnes Concept 384
D. The Legality of the Assertions of Universal Civil Jurisdiction made by the United States under the Alien Tort Claims Act and the Torture Victim Protection Act 395
E. Conclusion 403
Anja Seibert-Fohr: Judicial Independence in European Union Accessions: The Emergence of a European Basic Principle 405
A. Introduction 405
B. The Evolving Normative Framework for Enlargement 407
I. The Rule of Law as an Integral Part of the European Legal Order 407
1. From Practice to Codification 408
2. The Normative Value of the Rule of Law Concept Under the Lisbon Treaty 411
II. Judicial Independence of Domestic Courts and its Role for European Integration 412
1. Judicial Independence as Part of the Rule of Law 413
2. The Right to an Independent Court 414
3. The Relevance of Judicial Independence for the acquis communautaire 415
4. Economic Relevance of Judicial Independence 416
III. The Meaning of Independence Under Primary Law 417
C. The Evolving Interpretation by the European Commission 419
I. Efforts to Specify the Copenhagen Criteria in the Fifth Enlargement Round 419
1. Evaluation of Applications 419
2. Negotiations 420
II. The Commission’s Parameters of Judicial Independence 423
1. Structural Independence 424
a) Administration of the Judiciary 425
b) Judicial Selection and Career 426
2. Substantive Independence 428
3. Personal Independence: Conditions of Service and Tenure 428
4. Evaluation 430
D. Conclusion 434
Anthony D’Amato: The Coerciveness of International Law 437
A. Six Perspectives on Non-Coerciveness 440
I. Dualism 440
II. Consent 441
III. Domestication 443
IV. Soft Law 444
V. The New Haven School 446
VI. Exceptionalism 448
B. International Law is a Coercive Order 450
I. Reprisals Inside a Treaty Regime 452
II. Customary International Law Reprisals 454
III. The Daily Fare of Reprisals and Retorsions 455
IV. Reprisals Against a Superpower 456
C. Rules Governing Reprisals 458
D. Conclusion 460
Lydia F. Müller: Judicial Independence as a Council of Europe Standard 461
A. Introduction 461
B. The Requirement to Guarantee Independent Tribunals in the Jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights 462
I. Manner of Appointment 463
II. Term of Office 464
III. Guarantees against Outside Pressure 466
1. Irremovability 466
2. Not Being Subjected to Instructions 467
3. Binding Nature of Decisions 469
4. Secrecy of Deliberations 470
IV. Appearance of Independence 470
V. Further Elements 471
C. Council of Europe Recommendation No. R (94) 12 of the Committee of Ministers to Member States on the Independence, Efficiency and Role of Judges 474
D. European Commission for Democracy through Law (“Venice Commission”) 477
E. Conclusion 483
Karin Oellers-Frahm: The Principle of Consent to International Jurisdiction – Is it Still Alive? Observations on the Judgment on Preliminary Objections in the Case Concerning Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (Croatia v. Serbia) 487
A. Introduction 487
B. Court Decisions in Related Cases 489
I. Genocide Convention Case (Bosnia and Herzegovina v. Serbia and Montenegro) 489
1. The 1996 Judgment on Jurisdiction 489
2. The 2007 Judgment on the Merits 490
3. Revision Judgment 492
II. Legality of Use of Force Cases 493
C. History of the Croatia Case 494
D. The Decision of the Court 495
I. Access to the Court, Article 35 (1) of the Statute 495
II. Jurisdiction under the Genocide Convention 498
1. Applicability of the Genocide Convention 498
2. Were the Conditions of Article XI of the Convention Fulfilled? 500
E. Analysis of the Decision 501
I. Remedying Defects of the Original Application: The Mavrommatis Principle 501
1. Time Factor 501
2. The Character of the Defect 503
II. Access to the Court 505
1. Access to the Court Under Article 35 (1) of the Statute 505
a) The 1992 Resolutions of the SC and the GA 505
b) Access to the Court on the Basis of Article 35 (2) of the Statute 508
aa) Statute of the PCIJ 509
bb) Statute of the ICJ 510
cc) Validity of Treaty Clauses Dating Later Than the Statute 511
c) “Unilateral” Interpretation of Article 35 (2) of the Statute 512
III. Applicability of Genocide Convention 513
1. The Court’s Finding: Declaration of Succession 514
2. The Continuity Claim and “Estoppel” 516
3. Automatic Succession 518
a) The 1978 Convention on State Succession in Respect of Treaties 518
b) Present Day Applicable Law 519
c) Succession to Dispute Settlement Clauses 520
F. Concluding Remarks 521
Andreas Fischer-Lescano and Lena Kreck: Piracy and Human Rights: Legal Issues in the Fight against Piracy within the Context of the European “Operation Atalanta” 525
A. The Extraterritoriality of Fundamental and Human Rights 528
I. The Validity of Fundamental and Human Rights without Reference to Territory? 529
1. Extraterritorial Validity under the Basic Law 529
2. Extraterritorial Validity under the ECHR 530
a) Extraterritorially Exercised Effective Jurisdiction 532
b) Flag Sovereignty as Jurisdiction under Maritime Law 533
c) The Fiction of Sovereignty through the Ban on Circumvention 534
3. Extraterritorial Validity According to the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights 535
4. Extraterritorial Validity According to the UN Civil Rights Covenant 536
5. Interim Findings 537
II. No Role for International Humanitarian Law 537
1. The Application of the Geneva Conventions 537
2. No Particular Relation 538
III. No Transfer of German Sovereignty 539
IV. Interim Conclusions 540
B. Legal Issues of Detention 540
I. Interference in the Protected Scope 541
1. Deprivation of Liberty 541
2. Requirement of Judicial Approval 541
3. Interim Conclusions 542
II. The Basis for Interference 542
1. Article 105 UNCLOS in Connection with Security Council Resolutions 543
a) UN Resolutions 544
b) No Sufficiently Precise Basis for Authorization 545
2. The Law of the EU: Joint Action 2008/851/CFSP 547
3. Interim Conclusion 547
III. The Allocation of Authority 547
IV. Interim Conclusions 549
C. Legal Issues of the Handover 550
I. The Handover Ban According to Article 105 UNCLOS 550
II. Duties to Protect in the Case of “Substantial Grounds” 551
1. Grounds 552
2. Duties to Protect 553
a) Diplomatic Assurances 554
b) The Ban of Handover 555
III. Subjective Secondary Rights 555
IV. Interim Conclusions 558
D. Conclusion 558
Mart Susi: Application of the Access to Court Doctrine by the European Court of Human Rights: Estonia’s Concept of Comprehensive Court Protection 563
A. Introduction 563
I. The Position of the Access to Court Right in the Convention System 563
II. The Access to Court Right as lex specialis of Article 13: The Right to an Effective Remedy 566
1. General Remarks 566
2. The Search for Origins 569
B. Unproblematic and Problematic Areas of the Applicability of the Access to Court Right 574
I. Unproblematic Areas 574
II. Problematic Areas 576
1. The Ukrainian Cases of Salary Recovery 576
2. Remedy Against the Search of Premises and Seizure of Documents 579
3. “Borderline” Cases 581
4. In Summary 587
C. The Estonian Supreme Court’s Doctrine of Comprehensive Court Access 590
I. The Application of ECtHR Case Law by the Estonian Supreme Court 590
II. The Right of Access to Court and to an Effective Remedy Applied by the Estonian Supreme Court 593
D. Conclusion 598
Alberto Alvarez-Jiménez: The World Trade Organization (WTO) Appellate Body’s Limited Autonomy to Modify the WTO Dispute Settlement System 601
A. A Brief Description of Luhmann’s Theory of Autonomous Social Systems 603
B. The Appellate Body and Its Autonomy to Transform the WTO Dispute Settlement System 605
I. Appellate Body’s Possibility of Adopting Decisions About Itself and About the WTO Dispute Settlement System 606
II. The Appellate Body Has a Menu of Alternatives to Choose from When Deciding to Self-Transform or Transform the WTO Dispute Settlement System 608
III. The Appellate Body’s Ability to Steer their Self-Transformations by Determining their Timing, Extent, and Justification 610
1. Judicial Bargaining: A View from the Decision-Making Process of the United States Supreme Court 610
2. Judicial Bargaining in the Appellate Body: Two-Level Collegial Decision-Making Process of the Appellate Body 611
3. The Appellate Body’s Steering of Its Self-Transformations by Selecting the Timing, Scope and Extent of Transformations of the WTO Dispute Settlement System 613
a) The Appellate Body’s Capacity to Determine the Timing of Transformations of the WTO Dispute Settlement System 613
b) The Appellate Body’s Capacity to Determine the Extent of Its Transformations of the WTO Dispute Settlement System 614
c) The Appellate Body’s Capacity to Determine the Justification of Its Transformations of the WTO Dispute Settlement System 615
C. The Autonomy to Self-Transform Is a Permanent Institutional Feature of the Appellate Body 616
D. Some Transformations Introduced to the WTO Dispute Settlement System by the Appellate Body 617
I. The Appellate Body’s Expansion of Its Jurisdiction and that of the WTO Dispute Settlement System 618
1. The Expansion of the Appellate Jurisdiction: Appellate Review of Compliance Panel Reports 618
2. Appellate Body’s Extension of the Jurisdiction of the WTO Dispute Settlement System over Issues Deemed to Belong Exclusively to WTO Political Bodies 619
II. Appellate Body and Panels’ Increasing Control Over Disputes 620
1. Bolstering the WTO Quasi-Judiciary’s Fact-Finding Powers 621
2. Creation of the Appellate Body’s Judicial Economy 622
III. The Openness of the WTO Dispute Settlement System 624
IV. Self-Transformations that Did Not Take Place 626
1. The Self-Imposed Limits to the Expansion of the Jurisdiction of the WTO Dispute Settlement System 626
2. The Appellate Body’s Refusal to Resolve the Sequencing Problem of Articles 21.5 and 22.6 of the DSU 626
E. Limits to the Appellate Body’s Autonomy to Introduce Changes to the WTO Dispute Settlement System 627
I. The Appellate Body is Not a Self-Starter 627
II. Self-Observation as a Restraint to the Autonomy of the Appellate Body to Transform the WTO Dispute Settlement System 628
III. The Collegial Decision-Making Process as an Internal Constraint on the Exercise of the Appellate Body’s Autonomy to Transform the WTO Dispute Settlement System 629
IV. The External Environment as a Constraint on the Autonomy of the Appellate Body to Introduce Changes to the WTO Dispute Settlement System 630
F. Conclusion 633
GERMAN PRACTICE 635
Thomas Giegerich and Alexander Proelss: Foreword from the Editors 635
Eike Blitza and Oliver Daum: The Parental Rights of Unmarried Fathers in the Jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights – Zaunegger v. Germany 636
Felix Bieker and Lorenz Frahm: The Retroactive Abolition of the Maximum Period of Preventive Detention – M. v. Germany 641
Tobias Thienel: Momentous Judgments against Germany in the European Court of Human Rights: Zaunegger v. Germany and M. v. Germany 647
Patrick Braasch: Germany’s Compliance with the European Convention of Human Rights’ Length of Procedure Requirements 657
Björn Elberling: German Involvement in the Prosecution of Somali Piracy Suspects 661
Dörte Herrmann: The German Ratification of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and its Optional Protocol 669
Heiko Leitsch: No Deportation of Asylum Seekers to Greece? The Decisions of the German Federal Constitutional Court of 8 September, 23 September, 5 November, 13 November and 8 December 2009 679
Alexander Proelss: Action of a Foreign Municipality against the Permission to Operate a Former Military Border-Zone Airport for Civil Purposes 684
Laura Schmeckthal and Philip Seifert: Administrative Court of Stuttgart: Level 1 Family Allowance for Registered Partnerships 690
Berenike Schriewer: “Rescuing” Protocol No. 14 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms: Germany’s Declaration of Acceptance 697
Julia-Pia Schütze: Germany’s Ratification of the Optional Protocol to the UN Convention against Torture 700
Christoph Seidler and Philip Seifert: Federal Administrative Court of Germany: Article 13 (2) (c) of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and the Legality of Tuition Fees for Higher Education 703
Philip Seifert: Motion to Initiate Legislation for the Belated Implementation of the UNESCO World Heritage Convention Defeated in German Federal Parliament 708
BOOK REVIEWS 717
Vincent Chetail (ed.): Post-Conflict Peacebuilding – A Lexicon (Ursula Blanke-Kießling) 717
O. Corten/P. Klein (eds.): Les Conventions de Vienne sur le Droit des Traités – Commentaire Article par Article (Andreas Zimmermann) 720
M. E. Villiger: Commentary on the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (Andreas Zimmermann) 720
Richard K. Gardiner: Treaty Interpretation (Antonios Tzanakopoulos) 721
Ulf Linderfalk: On the Interpretation of Treaties. The Modern International Law as Expressed in the 1969 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (Antonios Tzanakopoulos) 721
Walter Kälin/Jörg Künzli: The Law of International Human Rights Protection (Robin Geiß) 724
Vaughan Lowe/Adam Roberts/Jennifer Welsh/Dominik Zaum: The United Nations Security Council and War – The Evolution of Thought and Practice since 1945 (Robin Geiß) 727
Susan Marks (ed.): International Law on the Left – Re-examining Marxist Legacies (Björn Elberling) 729
Elke Schwager: Ius bello durante et bello confecto. Darstellung am Beispiel von Entschädigungsansprüchen der Opfer von Antipersonenminen (Sue M. Stubbe) 733
Wenhua Shan/Norah Gallagher: Chinese Investment Treaties: Policies and Practice (Christian J. Tams) 735
Daniel Terris/Cesare P. R. Romano/Leigh Swigart: The International Judge (Christian J. Tams) 737
BOOKS RECEIVED 739
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS 741