BOOK
Cite BOOK
Style
Delbrück, J., Giegerich, T., Zimmermann, A. (Eds.) (2009). German Yearbook of International Law / Jahrbuch für Internationales Recht. Vol. 51 (2008). Duncker & Humblot. https://doi.org/10.3790/978-3-428-53132-5
Delbrück, Jost; Giegerich, Thomas and Zimmermann, Andreas. German Yearbook of International Law / Jahrbuch für Internationales Recht: Vol. 51 (2008). Duncker & Humblot, 2009. Book. https://doi.org/10.3790/978-3-428-53132-5
Delbrück, J, Giegerich, T, Zimmermann, A (eds.) (2009): German Yearbook of International Law / Jahrbuch für Internationales Recht: Vol. 51 (2008), Duncker & Humblot, [online] https://doi.org/10.3790/978-3-428-53132-5
Format
German Yearbook of International Law / Jahrbuch für Internationales Recht
Vol. 51 (2008)
Editors: Delbrück, Jost | Giegerich, Thomas | Zimmermann, Andreas
German Yearbook of International Law / Jahrbuch für Internationales Recht, Vol. 51
(2009)
Additional Information
Book Details
Pricing
Abstract
The German Yearbook of International Law was founded in 1948 as the "Jahrbuch für Internationales Recht" by Rudolf Laun and Hermann von Mangoldt and is now edited by the Institute for International Law at the University of Kiel. Since its inception it has endeavoured to contribute to the development of international law. Originally it has done this mainly by providing German scholars with an opportunity to publish the results of their works, but increasingly also by offering an international forum.In view of the desirability of obtaining for the Yearbook the largest possible international audience, the editors in 1976 have decided to use the present English title and to accept for publication preferably contributions written in English, or - to a lesser degree - in French. Naturally, the Yearbook also contains contributions written in German. This policy to overcome traditional language barriers appears to have proven successful both in informing the international law community about research done in German academic institutions and in presenting international viewpoints on various topics to the German audience.The Yearbook provides an annual report on the work of international organizations and bodies including the International Court of Justice and the European Court and Commission of Human Rights. Fully aware of the paramount importance of practical aspects in this field, the editors from the beginning also have sought to include contributions from practitioners of international law.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Contents | 5 | ||
| FORUM | 9 | ||
| Pieter Jan Kuijper: Superpower Frustrated? The Costs of Non-Lisbon in EU External Affairs | 9 | ||
| A. Introduction | 9 | ||
| B. An Overview of the Most Important Reforms of Lisbon in the Field of Foreign Relations | 10 | ||
| I. Institutional Reforms | 10 | ||
| II. Substantive Reforms | 14 | ||
| C. What Would be the Implications of Non-Lisbon? | 22 | ||
| D. What Could Possibly Be Saved? | 24 | ||
| I. Single Union, Two Treaties? | 24 | ||
| II. The High Representative and his Staff | 26 | ||
| III. The EEAS and Representation Abroad | 29 | ||
| IV. Semi-permanent Presidency of the European Council | 31 | ||
| V. Powers of the European Parliament | 32 | ||
| VI. Substantive Reforms | 33 | ||
| E. Conclusion | 36 | ||
| FOCUS SECTION | 39 | ||
| Margot E. Salomon: Poverty, Privilege and International Law: The Millennium Development Goals and the Guise of Humanitarianism | 39 | ||
| A. The Rules of the Game | 39 | ||
| I. Neoliberalism and the Millennium Development Goals | 44 | ||
| II. Affluence under the International Human Rights Legal Regime | 48 | ||
| B. The Legal Construction of Poverty | 49 | ||
| I. The Myth of Neutrality and Inevitability | 51 | ||
| II. Poverty as Endogenous to Developing States | 53 | ||
| C. The Millennium Development Goals and the Guise of Humanitarianism | 55 | ||
| I. Advancing the Interests of Wealthy States: The Notion of Common Benefit | 57 | ||
| II. Advancing the Interests of Wealthy States: Explicit Unilateral Benefits | 61 | ||
| D. Revisiting International Human Rights Law | 64 | ||
| I. The Minimum Essential Level of Rights and the Capping of Entitlements | 64 | ||
| II. “Maximum Available Resources” | 66 | ||
| III. International Obligations | 69 | ||
| E. Conclusion | 71 | ||
| Christine Kaufmann and Mirina Grosz: Poverty, Hunger and International Trade: What’s Law Got to Do with It? Current Mechanisms and the Doha Development Agenda | 75 | ||
| A. Facing the Global Food Crisis | 75 | ||
| B. Notions of Poverty: Who Are We Calling Poor? | 76 | ||
| C. Poverty as a Legal Challenge? | 79 | ||
| I. Poverty as a Denial of Human Rights | 79 | ||
| 1. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights | 79 | ||
| 2. The UN Covenants on Human Rights | 80 | ||
| 3. Legal Consequences of the Dichotomy | 82 | ||
| 4. Recent Developments | 84 | ||
| II. Law as a Means for Empowerment | 85 | ||
| D. Addressing Poverty in Existing World Trade Law | 87 | ||
| I. Rationale for Addressing Poverty under World Trade Law | 87 | ||
| II. Poverty Alleviation under the Marrakesh Agreement | 89 | ||
| 1. Trade and Development: The Linkage Debate | 89 | ||
| 2. Food Security in Existing Trade Law | 93 | ||
| a) Agreement on Agriculture | 93 | ||
| b) Marrakesh Decision on Least-Developed and Net-Food Importing Developing Countries | 95 | ||
| c) Conclusion: Mission Unaccomplished | 96 | ||
| E. Poverty Eradication and the Doha Development Round | 97 | ||
| I. The Doha Round as a Development Round | 97 | ||
| II. Aid for Trade and Integrated Framework as a New Area of Cooperation | 99 | ||
| 1. Raison d’être and Objectives | 99 | ||
| 2. Participating Institutions | 100 | ||
| 3. Structure and Legal Framework | 101 | ||
| a) Integrated Framework and Enhanced Integrated Framework | 101 | ||
| b) Aid for Trade | 102 | ||
| 4. Deficits of the Current Structure | 103 | ||
| a) Integrated Framework and Enhanced Integrated Framework | 103 | ||
| b) Aid for Trade | 104 | ||
| III. The World Food Crisis and the Doha Round | 105 | ||
| 1. The July 2008 Package | 105 | ||
| 2. Assessment | 106 | ||
| 3. Which Way Forward? | 107 | ||
| F. Conclusion: What’s Trade Law Got to Do with Hunger and Poverty? | 107 | ||
| Daniel Bradlow: Developing Countries Debt Crises, International Financial Institutions, and International Law: Some Preliminary Thoughts | 111 | ||
| A. Introduction | 111 | ||
| B. The IFIs and their International Legal Obligations | 113 | ||
| I. The World Bank Group | 113 | ||
| II. IMF | 115 | ||
| III. The General Principles of International Law Applicable to IFIs and Sovereign Debt | 118 | ||
| IV. Interpretation of the IFIs’ Articles of Agreement | 119 | ||
| C. IFIs and Third World Debt Crisis | 121 | ||
| I. Stage 1: Enforcing Pacta Sunt Servanda (1982–1985) | 122 | ||
| II. Stage 2: Struggle to Balance Pacta Sunt Servanda and Rebus Sic Stantibus (1985–1988) | 124 | ||
| III. Stage 3: The “Triumph” of Rebus Sic Stantibus (1988–2007) | 127 | ||
| 1. Different Treatment for the Debts of LICs and MICs | 129 | ||
| a) The HIPC Initiative and its Aftermath | 129 | ||
| b) Treatment of the MICs | 131 | ||
| 2. Search for New Approaches | 133 | ||
| a) The Case of Iraq | 133 | ||
| b) Sovereign Debt Renegotiation Mechanism (SDRM) | 134 | ||
| c) International Investment Arbitration | 135 | ||
| D. Evaluating the IFIs Conduct and International Law | 135 | ||
| I. Customary International Law | 136 | ||
| II. Articles of Agreement | 136 | ||
| III. Accountability | 139 | ||
| E. Conclusion | 141 | ||
| Edith Brown Weiss and Tanya Karina Lat: Engaging the World’s Poor People in Sustainable Development | 143 | ||
| A. Introduction | 143 | ||
| B. Participation of Local People as Indispensable to Sustainable Development | 146 | ||
| C. The Pillars of the Participation of Local People | 150 | ||
| I. Access to Information | 151 | ||
| II. Access to Decision-Making | 152 | ||
| III. Access to Grievance and Redress Procedures | 153 | ||
| D. The Evolution in International Law of Participation of Local People in Sustainable Development | 155 | ||
| I. International Environmental Law | 155 | ||
| 1. Environmental Impact Assessments | 155 | ||
| 2. Environmental Emergencies and Disasters | 156 | ||
| 3. Environmental Decision-Making in General | 158 | ||
| II. International Human Rights Law | 161 | ||
| III. Policies and Procedures of Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs) | 162 | ||
| 1. Overview | 162 | ||
| 2. Local People’s Participation | 163 | ||
| a) Access to Information | 164 | ||
| b) Access to Decision-Making | 166 | ||
| c) Access to Grievance Proceedings | 167 | ||
| d) The Equator Principles | 169 | ||
| E. Local Participation and Environmental Protection: Selected Examples | 170 | ||
| I. The Desertification Convention and the Bottom-Up Approach | 170 | ||
| 1. The Problem of Desertification and Land Degradation | 170 | ||
| 2. The Desertification Convention | 172 | ||
| a) National Action Programmes | 173 | ||
| b) Local People’s Participation | 174 | ||
| c) Improved Coordination and Cooperation | 175 | ||
| 3. Effectiveness of the Desertification Convention | 175 | ||
| II. The Biological Diversity Convention and Indigenous Peoples | 177 | ||
| 1. The PROBLEM of Biodiversity Loss | 177 | ||
| 2. The Mexico Indigenous and Community Biodiversity (COINBIO) Project | 179 | ||
| F. Concluding Observations | 181 | ||
| Vincent Chetail: Paradigm and Paradox of the Migration-Development Nexus: The New Border for North-South Dialogue | 183 | ||
| A. Introductory Remarks: Migration in the Age of Globalization | 183 | ||
| B. The Root Causes Approach of Migration: More Development for Less Migration | 187 | ||
| I. Origin and Rationale of the Root Causes Approach of Migration | 187 | ||
| II. Use and Misuse of the Root Causes Approach of Migration | 192 | ||
| C. Managing Migration: Better Migration for More Development | 199 | ||
| I. Moving towards a Collaborative Approach of the Migration-Development Nexus in the European Union and Beyond | 200 | ||
| II. The Way Forward: Crossing the Bridge from Rhetoric to Reality | 205 | ||
| D. Conclusion: While Waiting for Godot – Legalizing Migration for More Development | 212 | ||
| Karin Arts: The European Community’s Contribution to the Fight Against Poverty in Developing Countries: Normative and Real? | 217 | ||
| A. Introduction | 217 | ||
| B. The Legal Framework for EC Development Cooperation and the Fight Against Poverty | 219 | ||
| I. Europe’s Constituent Treaties | 219 | ||
| II. Development Cooperation Instruments | 223 | ||
| 1. External Development Cooperation Instruments | 224 | ||
| 2. Internal Development Cooperation Instruments | 230 | ||
| C. The Poverty Focus of Selected EC Policy Documents | 233 | ||
| D. A Review of the Means to Combat Poverty and the Actual Anti-Poverty Performance of EC Development Cooperation | 238 | ||
| I. Donor Roles, Means of Development Cooperation and Complications in Assessing their Effectiveness | 239 | ||
| II. The Poverty Focus of Financial Allocations and Disbursements | 241 | ||
| III. Gender | 246 | ||
| E. A Few Concluding Remarks | 248 | ||
| Malcolm Langford: Poverty in Developed States: International Human Rights Law and the Right to a Remedy | 251 | ||
| A. Introduction | 251 | ||
| B. Courts, Poverty and Human Rights in Historical Perspective | 256 | ||
| I. Legislative Powers and Social Welfare Objectives | 258 | ||
| II. Administrative Law | 261 | ||
| C. Rise of Social Rights Adjudication | 266 | ||
| I. Character of the Rights | 267 | ||
| II. Legitimacy | 273 | ||
| III. Institutional Competence | 275 | ||
| D. The Optional Protocol: A New International Complaints Procedure | 277 | ||
| I. Background to the Adoption of the Optional Protocol | 277 | ||
| II. Scope of the Procedure | 282 | ||
| E. Conclusion: A Challenge to Poverty? | 286 | ||
| Robin Geiß: The Protection of Journalists in Armed Conflicts | 289 | ||
| A. Introduction | 289 | ||
| B. Protection Against Dangers Emanating from Combat Operations | 293 | ||
| I. Protection of Journalists and War Correspondents as Civilians | 293 | ||
| II. Loss of Protection | 295 | ||
| III. Media Equipment and Broadcasting Stations as Military Objectives? | 297 | ||
| IV. Precautions and Proportionality | 300 | ||
| 1. Denial of Access to the Contact Zone? | 302 | ||
| 2. Deliberate Risk-Exposure | 305 | ||
| C. Protection in the Case of Capture or Arrest | 306 | ||
| I. The Protection Accorded to War Correspondents | 307 | ||
| II. Administrative Detention of Journalists | 311 | ||
| III. Distinguishing Lawful Newsgathering from Espionage | 312 | ||
| D. “Special Protection” for Journalists de lege ferenda? | 313 | ||
| I. Definition by Accreditation? | 315 | ||
| II. A Press-Specific Emblem? | 317 | ||
| E. Conclusion | 318 | ||
| Sabine von Schorlemer: Compliance with the UNESCO World Heritage Convention: Reflections on the Elbe Valley and the Dresden Waldschlösschen Bridge | 321 | ||
| A. Introduction | 321 | ||
| I. Preliminary Remarks | 321 | ||
| II. Open Questions | 324 | ||
| B. UNESCO World Heritage Conservation: Recent Developments | 328 | ||
| I. Increase in the Number of World Heritage Sites and Related Problems | 328 | ||
| II. Operational Guidelines as a Form of UNESCO Governance | 331 | ||
| III. Experiences with the Concept of “Cultural Landscape” | 333 | ||
| IV. “Reinforced Monitoring” as a New Implementation Tool | 337 | ||
| C. Overview of the Conflict with UNESCO (2003–2008) | 339 | ||
| I. Background: The Dresden Elbe Valley | 339 | ||
| II. Application for the World Heritage Title and Early Construction Plans | 340 | ||
| III. Inscription on the World Heritage List (2004) and Aftermath | 342 | ||
| IV. Inscription on the Red List (Vilnius 2006) | 343 | ||
| V. The World Heritage Committee’s Decision of Christchurch (2007) | 344 | ||
| VI. The Québec Session of the World Heritage Committee (2008) | 344 | ||
| D. International Dispute Settlement Efforts | 346 | ||
| I. Negotiation and Consultation | 346 | ||
| II. Fact-Finding | 348 | ||
| III. Mediation and Conciliation | 350 | ||
| IV. Judicial Proceedings | 353 | ||
| V. Résumé: The Search for Alternative Solutions | 355 | ||
| E. The Question of State Responsibility | 361 | ||
| I. “State Organs” in a Federation | 361 | ||
| II. The Effect of the Listing | 362 | ||
| III. Potential Breaches of the World Heritage Convention | 365 | ||
| IV. Inner-State Bindingness of the 1972 World Heritage Convention | 367 | ||
| V. The Role of the Referendum of Dresden Citizens (2005) | 371 | ||
| VI. Contentious Information and the Role of ICOMOS | 372 | ||
| VII. The Position of the Federal Republic of Germany | 376 | ||
| F. Critical Appraisal | 379 | ||
| I. Tension Between State Sovereignty and International World Heritage Conservation | 380 | ||
| II. Legitimacy of UNESCO Decisions | 383 | ||
| III. The Loss of the World Heritage Title: A “Sanction” by UNESCO? | 385 | ||
| G. Conclusion: Lessons Learned | 388 | ||
| Christian J. Tams and Andreas Zimmermann: “[T]he Federation Shall Accede to Agreements Providing for General, Comprehensive and Compulsory International Arbitration” – The German Optional Clause Declaration of 1 May 2008 – | 391 | ||
| A. Introduction | 391 | ||
| B. The End of a Long Journey: Germany and the Compulsory Jurisdiction of the World Court | 394 | ||
| I. Germany and the Compulsory Jurisdiction of the Permanent Court of International Justice | 394 | ||
| II. Germany and the Compulsory Jurisdiction of the ICJ (1946–1973) | 395 | ||
| III. Germany and the Compulsory Jurisdiction of the ICJ (1973–2008) | 396 | ||
| IV. The Drafting of the German Declaration | 399 | ||
| C. Restrictions and Reservations Accompanying Germany’s Declaration | 401 | ||
| I. Restrictions ratione temporis | 401 | ||
| 1. General Remarks | 401 | ||
| 2. Protection against Surprise Proceedings | 403 | ||
| 3. Exclusion of Retroactive Effects | 404 | ||
| II. Restrictions ratione materiae | 407 | ||
| 1. Competing Means of Dispute Settlement | 407 | ||
| 2. Military Matters | 410 | ||
| a) General Remarks | 410 | ||
| b) Participation in Military Missions Abroad, para. (ii)(a) | 412 | ||
| c) Use of German Territory or Other Areas of Jurisdiction, para. (ii)(b) | 413 | ||
| D. Concluding Observations | 415 | ||
| Alexander Proelss: Marine Genetic Resources under UNCLOS and the CBD | 417 | ||
| A. Factual Background | 418 | ||
| B. Marine Genetic Resources Located in Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction under the CBD and UNCLOS | 420 | ||
| I. Marine Genetic Resources under the CBD | 421 | ||
| II. Marine Genetic Resources under the Law of the Sea Convention | 422 | ||
| 1. Applicability of the Principle of Common Heritage of Mankind | 422 | ||
| 2. Applicability of the Regime of the High Seas | 430 | ||
| 3. Outcome of CBD and UNCLOS Discussions | 432 | ||
| 4. Should Part XI UNCLOS be Expanded to Include Marine Genetic Resources? | 438 | ||
| C. Marine Genetic Resources Within Areas under National Jurisdiction | 440 | ||
| I. Internal Waters and Territorial Sea | 440 | ||
| II. Exclusive Economic Zone and Continental Shelf | 442 | ||
| D. Conclusion and Prospects | 443 | ||
| Hiroshi Taki: Opinio Juris and the Formation of Customary International Law: A Theoretical Analysis | 447 | ||
| Yoshifumi Tanaka: Rethinking Lex Ferenda in International Adjudication | 467 | ||
| A. Introduction | 467 | ||
| B. Effect of Lex Ferenda in the Application of Lex Lata: the 1974 Fisheries Jurisdiction Case Revisited | 472 | ||
| I. Two Contrasting Opinions | 472 | ||
| 1. Arguments Concerning the Application of Lex Lata | 472 | ||
| 2. Arguments Concerning Lex Ferenda | 475 | ||
| II. Effect of Lex Ferenda in the Fisheries Jurisdiction Judgment | 480 | ||
| C. Lex Ferenda as an Element of Interpretation of Lex Lata | 482 | ||
| I. A Case Study: The Precautionary Approach as Lex Ferenda | 482 | ||
| II. Consideration of the Precautionary Approach in the 1999 Southern Bluefin Tuna Case | 489 | ||
| D. Conclusion | 493 | ||
| REPORTS | 497 | ||
| Patrick Braasch und Sirko Fuhrmann: Die Rechtsprechung des Internationalen Gerichtshofes im Jahre 2008 | 497 | ||
| A. Einleitung | 497 | ||
| B. Die im Jahr 2008 anhängigen Verfahren im Überblick | 498 | ||
| C. Sovereignty over Pedra Branca/Pulau Batu Puteh, Middle Rocks and South Ledge (Malaysia v. Singapore) | 501 | ||
| I. Hintergrund des Falles und Anträge der Parteien | 501 | ||
| II. Rechtliche Erwägungen des Gerichtshofes | 502 | ||
| 1. Souveränität über Pedra Branca/Pulau Batu Puteh | 502 | ||
| a) Rechtlicher Status vor 1844 | 502 | ||
| b) Rechtlicher Status nach 1844 | 503 | ||
| aa) Anwendbares Recht | 503 | ||
| bb) Die Standortwahl, Errichtung und Inbetriebnahme des Leuchtturms | 504 | ||
| cc) Das Verhalten der Parteien (1852–1952) | 504 | ||
| dd) Der Briefwechsel von 1953 | 505 | ||
| ee) Das Verhalten der Parteien nach 1953 | 506 | ||
| ff) Ergebnis | 508 | ||
| 2. Souveränität über Middle Rocks und South Ledge | 508 | ||
| III. Entscheidungsformel | 509 | ||
| IV. Abweichende Meinungen, Erklärungen und Sondervoten | 509 | ||
| 1. Erklärungen | 509 | ||
| 2. Sondervoten | 510 | ||
| 3. Abweichende Meinungen | 511 | ||
| D. Certain Questions of Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters (Republic of Djibouti v. France) | 513 | ||
| I. Hintergrund des Falles | 513 | ||
| II. Rechtliche Erwägungen des Gerichtshofes | 514 | ||
| 1. Zuständigkeit des Gerichtshofes | 514 | ||
| 2. Verletzung des Kooperations- und Freundschaftsvertrages | 516 | ||
| 3. Verletzung des Übereinkommens über gegenseitige Hilfe in Strafsachen | 517 | ||
| 4. Verletzung der Verpflichtung zur Verhütung von Angriffen auf das Individuum, die Freiheit und die Würde einer international geschützten Person | 518 | ||
| III. Entscheidungsformel | 519 | ||
| IV. Erklärungen, Sondervoten und abweichende Meinungen | 520 | ||
| 1. Sondervoten | 520 | ||
| 2. Erklärungen | 522 | ||
| E. Request for Interpretation of the Judgment of 31 March 2004 in the Case Concerning Avena and Other Mexican Nationals (Mexico v. United States of America) (Mexico v. United States of America) | 523 | ||
| I. Hintergrund des Falles und Anträge der Parteien | 523 | ||
| II. Rechtliche Erwägungen des Gerichtshofes | 525 | ||
| 1. Zuständigkeit in der Hauptsache nach Art. 60 Satz 2 IGH-Statut | 525 | ||
| 2. Erlass vorsorglicher Maßnahmen | 526 | ||
| III. Entscheidungsformel | 526 | ||
| IV. Abweichende Meinungen | 527 | ||
| F. Application of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (Georgia v. Russian Federation) | 528 | ||
| I. Hintergrund des Falles | 529 | ||
| II. Rechtliche Erwägungen des Gerichtshofes | 529 | ||
| III. Entscheidungsformel | 531 | ||
| IV. Erklärungen, Sondervoten und abweichende Meinungen | 532 | ||
| 1. Gemeinsame abweichende Meinung des Vizepräsidenten Al-Khasawneh und der Richter Ranjeva, Shi, Koroma, Tomka, Bennouna und Skotnikov | 532 | ||
| 2. Erklärung des ad hoc-Richters Gaja | 532 | ||
| G. Case Concerning Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide – Preliminary Objections (Croatia v. Serbia) | 533 | ||
| I. Hintergrund des Falles und Anträge der Parteien | 533 | ||
| II. Rechtliche Erwägungen des Gerichtshofes | 534 | ||
| 1. Klagegegner | 534 | ||
| 2. Bedeutung früherer Entscheidungen des Gerichtshofes | 535 | ||
| 3. Erste preliminary objection Serbiens | 535 | ||
| a) Parteifähigkeit Serbiens | 535 | ||
| b) Jurisdiktion des Gerichtshofes ratione materiae | 537 | ||
| 4. Zweite preliminary objection Serbiens | 540 | ||
| 5. Dritte preliminary objection Serbiens | 541 | ||
| III. Entscheidungsformel | 541 | ||
| IV. Abweichende Meinungen, Erklärungen und Sondervoten | 542 | ||
| 1. Erklärungen | 542 | ||
| 2. Sondervoten | 543 | ||
| 3. Abweichende Meinungen | 544 | ||
| Henrike Martin, Katharina Will und Simon Hentrei: Die Rechtsprechung des Europäischen Gerichtshofes für Menschenrechte im Jahre 2008 | 547 | ||
| A. Einleitung | 547 | ||
| B. Zulässigkeitsvoraussetzungen | 548 | ||
| I. Jurisdiktion eines Vertragsstaates | 548 | ||
| II. Zulässigkeit nach Art. 34 Satz 1 | 549 | ||
| III. Zulässigkeit nach Art. 35 | 550 | ||
| C. Materielle Bestimmungen | 551 | ||
| I. Das Recht auf Leben, Art. 2 | 551 | ||
| II. Das Verbot von Folter und unmenschlicher Behandlung, Art. 3 | 553 | ||
| III. Das Recht auf Freiheit und Sicherheit, Art. 5 | 557 | ||
| 1. Die Rechtmäßigkeit der Haft, Art. 5 Abs. 1 | 557 | ||
| 2. Das Recht auf Mitteilung der Gründe der Festnahme, Art. 5 Abs. 2 | 559 | ||
| 3. Richterliche Vorführung und Haftdauer, Art. 5 Abs. 3 | 559 | ||
| 4. Das Recht auf Haftprüfung, Art. 5 Abs. 4 | 561 | ||
| 5. Das Recht auf Schadenersatz, Art. 5 Abs. 5 | 561 | ||
| IV. Verfahrensgarantien, Art. 6 | 562 | ||
| 1. Anwendbarkeit des Art. 6 | 562 | ||
| 2. Verfahrensgarantien des Art. 6 Abs. 1 | 563 | ||
| a) Anforderungen an das nationale Gericht, Art. 6 Abs. 1 | 563 | ||
| b) Grundsätze des fairen Verfahrens, Art. 6 Abs. 1 | 564 | ||
| 3. Die Unschuldsvermutung, Art. 6 Abs. 2 | 566 | ||
| 4. Die Verfahrensgarantien für den Beschuldigten, Art. 6 Abs. 3 | 568 | ||
| V. Keine Strafe ohne Gesetz, Art. 7 | 568 | ||
| VI. Die Freiheitsrechte | 570 | ||
| 1. Die einzelnen Schutzbereiche | 570 | ||
| a) Recht auf Achtung des Privat- und Familienlebens, Art. 8 | 570 | ||
| b) Recht auf Gedanken-, Gewissens- und Religionsfreiheit, Art. 9 | 573 | ||
| c) Freiheit der Meinungsäußerung, Art. 10 | 574 | ||
| d) Versammlungs- und Vereinigungsfreiheit, Art. 11 | 575 | ||
| 2. Rechtfertigung der Art. 8–11, gemeinsame Merkmale | 577 | ||
| VII. Recht auf wirksame Beschwerde, Art. 13 | 579 | ||
| VIII. Verbot der Diskriminierung, Art. 14 | 580 | ||
| IX. Schutz des Eigentums, Art. 1 ZP I | 583 | ||
| X. Das Recht auf Bildung, Art. 2 ZP I | 585 | ||
| XI. Das Recht auf freie Wahlen, Art. 3 ZP I | 585 | ||
| XII. Das Recht auf Freizügigkeit und Ausreisefreiheit, Art. 2 ZP IV | 587 | ||
| D. Sonstige Bestimmungen | 588 | ||
| I. Die wirksame Ausübung von Rechten, Art. 34 Satz 2 | 588 | ||
| E. Folgen einer Konventionsverletzung | 588 | ||
| I. Gerechte Entschädigung gemäß Art. 41 | 588 | ||
| II. Weitere Folgen nach Art. 46 | 590 | ||
| F. Rechtsgutachten nach Artikel 47 | 590 | ||
| G. Ausblick | 591 | ||
| Clemens A. Müller and Tara Smith: The Work of the International Criminal Court in 2008 | 593 | ||
| A. Introduction | 593 | ||
| B. Developments in the Institutional Structure and Exterior Relations of the Court | 593 | ||
| C. Overview of Situations and Cases Before the Court | 598 | ||
| I. The Situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Cases of Thomas Lubanga Dyilo, Germain Katanga and Mathieu Ngudjolo Chui, and Bosco Ntaganda | 598 | ||
| 1. The Case Against Thomas Lubanga Dyilo | 598 | ||
| 2. The Case Against Germain Katanga and Mathieu Ngudjolo Chui | 604 | ||
| 3. The Case against Bosco Ntaganda | 607 | ||
| II. Situation in Northern Uganda and the Case against Joseph Kony et al. | 609 | ||
| III. The Situation in Darfur, the Sudan | 613 | ||
| 1. The Case against Ahmad Harun and Ali Kushayb | 613 | ||
| 2. The Prosecutor’s Application for a Warrant of Arrest against Omar Hassan Al-Bashir | 615 | ||
| 3. The Prosecutor’s Application for Warrants of Arrest against Three Rebel Commanders in the Haskanita Case | 620 | ||
| IV. The Situation in the Central African Republic and the Case against Jean-Pierre Bemba Gombo | 622 | ||
| D. Substantive Legal Questions Addressed by the Organs of the Court | 625 | ||
| I. Fundamental Rights of the Accused | 625 | ||
| 1. The Right of an Accused Person to be Provided with Relevant Material in a Language that he or she Fully Understands and Speaks | 625 | ||
| 2. Interim Release of the Accused | 626 | ||
| II. Gravity | 629 | ||
| III. Individual Criminal Responsibility and the Notion of Control of an Organized Apparatus of Power | 631 | ||
| IV. Major Developments in Victim Participation before the International Criminal Court | 635 | ||
| E. Conclusion and Outlook | 638 | ||
| Eleonor Fernández Muñoz, Britta Krings and Karl Molle: The Work of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia in the Year 2008 | 641 | ||
| A. Introduction | 641 | ||
| B. Changes to the Legal Bases and the Composition of the Tribunal | 642 | ||
| I. Amendments to the Rules of Procedure and Evidence (RPE) | 643 | ||
| II. Changes to the Personal Composition of the Tribunal | 643 | ||
| C. Proceedings Before the Tribunal | 644 | ||
| I. Pre-Trial Proceedings | 644 | ||
| 1. Arrests, Indictments, Joinders | 644 | ||
| a) Prosecutor v. Vlastimir Ðorđević | 644 | ||
| b) Prosecutor v. Radovan Karadžić | 645 | ||
| c) Prosecutor v. Mićo Stanišić and Stojan Župljanin | 647 | ||
| d) Prosecutor v. Zdravko Tolimir | 648 | ||
| 2. Referrals of Cases Pursuant to Rule 11bis RPE | 649 | ||
| II. Judgments and Proceedings Before the Trial Chambers | 649 | ||
| 1. Judgments | 649 | ||
| a) Prosecutor v. Ramush Haradinaj, Idriz Balaj, and Lahi Brahimaj | 649 | ||
| aa) Findings on the Counts | 651 | ||
| bb) Individual Criminal Responsibility | 651 | ||
| cc) Sentencing | 652 | ||
| b) Prosecutor v. Lujbe Boškoski and Johan Tarčulovski | 653 | ||
| aa) Findings on the Counts | 654 | ||
| bb) Individual Criminal Responsibility | 655 | ||
| cc) Sentencing | 656 | ||
| c) Prosecutor v. Rasim Delić | 657 | ||
| aa) Finding on the Counts | 658 | ||
| bb) Individual Criminal Responsibility | 659 | ||
| cc) Sentencing | 660 | ||
| 2. Current Trial Proceedings | 660 | ||
| a) Prosecutor v. Ante Gotovina et al. | 660 | ||
| b) Prosecutor v. Milan Lukić and Sredoje Lukić | 661 | ||
| c) Prosecutor v. Milutinović et al. | 661 | ||
| d) Prosecutor v. Momčilo Perišić | 662 | ||
| e) Prosecutor v. Vujadin Popović et al. | 662 | ||
| f) Prosecutor v. Prlić et al. | 662 | ||
| g) Prosecutor v. Vojislav Šešelj | 663 | ||
| h) Prosecutor v. Franko Simatović and Jovica Stanišić | 663 | ||
| i) The Case Against Florence Hartmann | 664 | ||
| III. Judgments and Proceedings Before the Appeals Chamber | 665 | ||
| 1. Judgments | 665 | ||
| a) Prosecutor v. Enver Hadžihasanović and Amir Kubura | 665 | ||
| aa) Hadžihasanović | 665 | ||
| bb) Kubura | 666 | ||
| b) Prosecutor v. Naser Orić | 667 | ||
| aa) Naser Orić’s Grounds of Appeal | 667 | ||
| bb) The Prosecution’s Grounds of Appeal | 668 | ||
| cc) The Declaration of Judge Shahabuddeen and the Separate Opinions of Judge Schomburg and Judge Liu | 669 | ||
| c) Prosecutor v. Pavle Strugar | 670 | ||
| d) Prosecutor v. Milan Martić | 672 | ||
| aa) Grounds of Appeal of the Defense | 673 | ||
| bb) The Prosecution’s Ground of Appeal | 673 | ||
| cc) Judge Schomburg’s Separate Opinion on the Individual Criminal Responsibility | 675 | ||
| 2. Proceedings Pending | 675 | ||
| a) Prosecutor v. Mile Mrkšić et al. | 676 | ||
| b) Prosecutor v. Momčilo Krajišnik | 676 | ||
| c) Prosecutor v. Dragomir Milošević | 676 | ||
| D. Outlook | 677 | ||
| Mareike Fröhlich und Anja Trautmann: Die Rechtsprechung des WTO-Streitbeilegungsgremiums im Jahre 2008 | 679 | ||
| A. Einführung | 679 | ||
| B. Die WTO-Rechtsprechung zu den einzelnen Handelsabkommen | 680 | ||
| I. Multilaterale Übereinkommen zum Warenhandel | 680 | ||
| 1. Allgemeines Zoll- und Handelsabkommen (GATT 1994) | 680 | ||
| a) India – Additional and Extra-Additional Duties on Imports from the United States | 681 | ||
| b) China – Measures Affecting Imports of Automobile Parts | 684 | ||
| 2. Übereinkommen zur Durchführung des Artikels VI des GATT 1994 (ADÜ) | 688 | ||
| a) United States – Final Anti-Dumping Measures on Stainless Steel from Mexico | 688 | ||
| b) United States – Measures Relating to Shrimp from Thailand and United States – Customs Bond Directive for Merchandise Subject to Anti-Dumping/Countervailing Duties | 691 | ||
| c) United States – Continued Existence and Application of Zeroing Methodology | 694 | ||
| 3. Übereinkommen über Subventionen und Ausgleichsmaßnahmen (SCM) | 696 | ||
| 4. Übereinkommen über die Anwendung gesundheitspolitischer und pflanzenschutzrechtlicher Maßnahmen (SPS) | 699 | ||
| C. Ausblick | 703 | ||
| Julia Glocke und Saskia Klatte: Die Tätigkeit der International Law Commission im Jahre 2008 | 705 | ||
| A. Einleitung | 705 | ||
| B. Gemeinsame natürliche Ressourcen | 705 | ||
| I. Angenommene Artikel | 706 | ||
| II. Weiteres Vorgehen | 707 | ||
| C. Auswirkungen Bewaffneter Konflikte auf Verträge | 708 | ||
| I. Vierter Bericht des Sonderberichterstatters | 708 | ||
| II. Angenommene Artikel | 709 | ||
| D. Vorbehalte zu Verträgen | 710 | ||
| I. Diskutierte Richtlinien | 710 | ||
| II. Angenommene Richtlinien | 712 | ||
| E. Verantwortlichkeit Internationaler Organisationen | 713 | ||
| I. Die Angenommenen Artikel 46 bis 53 | 713 | ||
| II. Debatte in der Kommission | 715 | ||
| III. Weiteres Vorgehen | 716 | ||
| F. Ausweisung von Ausländern | 716 | ||
| G. Schutz von Personen in Katastrophensituationen | 718 | ||
| I. Vorläufiger Bericht des Sonderberichterstatters | 719 | ||
| II. Debatte in der Kommission | 719 | ||
| III. Weiteres Vorgehen | 721 | ||
| H. Immunität von Staatsbeamten vor Ausländischer Strafgerichtsbarkeit | 721 | ||
| I. Vorläufiger Bericht | 721 | ||
| II. Debatte | 723 | ||
| I. Verpflichtung zur Strafverfolgung oder Auslieferung (aut dedere aut judicare) | 725 | ||
| I. Dritter Bericht des Sonderberichterstatters | 725 | ||
| II. Debatte | 726 | ||
| J. Ausblick | 727 | ||
| BOOK REVIEWS | 729 | ||
| Philip Allott: Towards the International Rule of Law: Essays in Integrated Constitutional Theory (Christian J. Tams) | 729 | ||
| Armin von Bogdandy/Peter M. Huber (Hrsg.): Handbuch Ius Publicum Europaeum – Band I: Grundlagen und Grundzüge staatlichen Verfassungsrecht; Band II: Offene Staatlichkeit – Wissenschaft vom Verfassungsrecht (Thomas Giegerich) | 731 | ||
| Bill Bowring: The Degradation of the International Legal Order? The Rehabilitation of Law and the Possibility of Politics (Björn Elberling) | 738 | ||
| Giuliana Ziccardi Capaldo: The Pillars of Global Law (Christian J. Tams) | 741 | ||
| Olivier Corten: Le droit contre la guerre (Christian J. Tams) | 742 | ||
| Arthur Eyffinger: The 1907 Hague Peace Conference “The Conscience of the Civilized World” (Karin Oellers-Frahm) | 745 | ||
| Dieter Fleck (ed.): The Handbook of International Humanitarian Law (Christian Johann) | 750 | ||
| Ulrike Heckötter: Die Bedeutung der Europäischen Menschenrechtskonvention und der Rechtsprechung des EGMR für die deutschen Gerichte (Heiko Leitsch) | 752 | ||
| Robert Kolb/Richard Heyde: An Introduction to the International Law of Armed Conflicts (Robin Geiß) | 754 | ||
| Manfred Nowak/Elizabeth McArthur (eds.): The United Nations Convention Against Torture, A Commentary (Robin Geiß) | 757 | ||
| Otto Triffterer (ed.): Commentary on the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court – Observer’s Notes, Article by Article (Björn Elberling) | 759 | ||
| Helmut Volger (Hrsg.): Grundlagen und Strukturen der Vereinten Nationen (Christian Tietje) | 762 | ||
| BOOKS RECEIVED | 765 | ||
| LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS | 767 |