German Yearbook of International Law / Jahrbuch für Internationales Recht

doi:10.3790/978-3-428-52844-8

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Delbrück, J., Giegerich, T., Zimmermann, A. (Eds.) (2008). German Yearbook of International Law / Jahrbuch für Internationales Recht. Vol. 50 (2007). Duncker & Humblot. https://doi.org/10.3790/978-3-428-52844-8

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German Yearbook of International Law / Jahrbuch für Internationales Recht

Vol. 50 (2007)

Editors: Delbrück, Jost | Giegerich, Thomas | Zimmermann, Andreas

German Yearbook of International Law / Jahrbuch für Internationales Recht, Vol. 50

(2008)

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Book Details

Publisher Name: Duncker & Humblot
ISBN: 978-3-428-52844-8
978-3-428-12844-0 (print edition)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3790/978-3-428-52844-8
Edition: 1
Language: English
Pages: 903
Collections: NBE RECHT
NBE D&H
Subjects: Public international law

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Institution: € 270.00 (incl. local VAT if applicable)
Individual: € 179.90 (incl. local VAT if applicable)

Abstract

The German Yearbook of International Law was founded in 1948 as the "Jahrbuch für Internationales Recht" by Rudolf Laun and Hermann von Mangoldt and is now edited by the Institute for International Law at the University of Kiel. Since its inception it has endeavoured to contribute to the development of international law. Originally it has done this mainly by providing German scholars with an opportunity to publish the results of their works, but increasingly also by offering an international forum.

In view of the desirability of obtaining for the Yearbook the largest possible international audience, the editors in 1976 have decided to use the present English title and to accept for publication preferably contributions written in English, or - to a lesser degree - in French. Naturally, the Yearbook also contains contributions written in German. This policy to overcome traditional language barriers appears to have proven successful both in informing the international law community about research done in German academic institutions and in presenting international viewpoints on various topics to the German audience.

The Yearbook provides an annual report on the work of internatioal organizations and bodies including the International Court of Justice and the European Court and Commission of Human Rights. Fully aware of the paramount importance of practical aspects in this field, the editors from the beginning also have sought to include contributions from practitioners of international law.

Section Title	Page	Action	Price
Contents	5
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS	9
FOCUS SECTION: “TYPISCH DEUTSCH …”: IS THERE A GERMAN APPROACH TO INTERNATIONAL LAW?	15
Thomas Giegerich and Andreas Zimmermann: Introduction	15
Anthony Carty: The Evolution of International Legal Scholarship in Germany during the Kaiserreich and the Weimarer Republik (1871–1933)	29
A. Introduction and Issues of Methodology	29
B. Germany’s Security Situation Following Unification in 1871 as Background to the Outbreak of the First World War: Political History (Hegelianism) and International Law	38
C. Legal Responsibility for the Outbreak of the First World War, English and French Views of German International Law after the Outbreak of War	56
D. Some German International Law Reflections in the Course and after the First World War on the Causes of the War	68
Michael Stolleis: Against Universalism – German International Law under the Swastika: Some Contributions to the History of Jurisprudence 1933–1945	91
A. The Situation after 1933	91
B. Between State and “Volk”	94
C. Between “Volk” and “Reich”	95
D. “Geopolitik” and “Großraum”	99
E. Periodicals	101
F. Institutions	104
G. Textbooks	106
H. The last Stance	109
Knut Ipsen: International Legal Scholarship in West Germany after World War II	111
A. The Period of First Orientations	113
I. The “German Question” and other Post-War Problems	114
II. The Attempt of new Approaches	116
III. The Concentration on Concrete Urgent Problems as a Command of Circumstances	117
B. The Period of Stabilization	119
I. The Perception of International Law in General	121
II. The New Dimension of the “German Question”	125
III. From Stabilization to Normalization	128
C. The Period of Normalization	129
I. A Fundamental Concept of International Law	130
II. The Broadening of the Subjects of Research	132
D. Conclusions	135
Walter Poeggel: The Development of Teaching and Research in the Field of Public International Law at the Universities of the Former German Democratic Republic	139
A. Teaching Public International Law	139
B. International Legal Scholarship	142
Theodor Schweisfurth: The Science of Public International Law in the German Democratic Republic	149
A. Preliminary Remarks	149
B. Construction Work on Devastated Areas	150
C. Publications – Subjects, Standard, Style	152
D. The Principal Approach – The Communist Conception of the World	158
E. Unity of International Law: Peaceful Coexistence and Socialist Internationalism	160
I. Peaceful Coexistence as a Legal Principle – “General-Democratic” International Law	160
II. The Principle of Socialist Internationalism – “Socialist” International Law	162
III. Relationship between the Basic Principles of International Law and the Principle of Socialist Internationalism	164
F. Special Topics of Research	167
I. An Incomplete Survey	168
II. UN Codification Projects	174
1. State Responsibility	174
2. State Succession	177
3. International Criminal Law	179
4. Jurisdictional Immunity of States	181
5. Law of the Sea	182
III. The German Question	183
1. State Continuity or Extinction	183
2. “Potsdam Agreement”	186
3. German Territories	188
a) Eastern Territories	188
b) Berlin	188
4. Statehood and Sovereignty of the GDR	189
5. Conclusion of a Peace Treaty	192
6. Relationship between the two German States	193
a) Recognition – Special Relationship	193
b) German Citizenship	195
7. Reunification	195
G. Concluding Remarks	197
Robert Kolb: German Legal Scholarship as Reflected in Hague Academy Courses on Public International Law	201
A. Introduction	201
B. Overview of German Courses	207
C. German Legal Scholarship at the Hague Academy: from “Constitutionalization” to “Communautarization” of International Law	209
I. German Legal Scholarship between 1923 and 1939 at the Hague Academy: State-Centered Versions versus Community-Centered Versions	211
1. General Outlook	211
2. State-Centered (Sovereignist) Views: Prolonging the Lines of Tradition	215
3. International Community-Centered Views: Breaking New Ground	220
a) Vienna School	221
b) Pacifist School	228
II. German Legal Scholarship at the Hague Academy since 1947: Prevalence of Community-Centered Versions	230
D. Conclusion	240
Stephan Hobe and Karsten Nowrot: Whither the Sovereign State?	243
A. Statehood and Sovereignty – A Specific Concern to German Scholars of International Law?	244
B. Whither the Sovereign State? – Assessing German Perspectives	250
I. International Cooperation – Why Bother? The Notion of “Closed Statehood” Prevailing in German Legal Thinking until 1945	250
II. The Changing Understanding of Sovereignty and its Consequences for Statehood after 1945	263
1. “Sovereignty Subject to International Law” – The Lowest Common Denominator?	264
2. The Sovereign State in a Changing International System	268
a) The Interdependent and Permeable State: Cooperation and Community Interests	268
b) The Marginalized and Disaggregated State (?): Processes of Globalization and Internationalization of Administrative Relations	274
3. Consequences for the Sovereign State: Reconceptualizing Statehood	279
a) A Slow Farewell to the Closed Nation State: The Model of the ‘Open State’	279
b) … and Sovereignty?	282
III. Discovering Legal and Conceptual Interactivity: The Sovereign State as a Model for the Changing International Legal System?	284
C. The Large and Many-Voiced German Chorus on “Whither the Sovereign State:” A Speculative Look behind the Curtain	287
D. Outlook: “Whither the Sovereign State?” and the Future of General Theory of the State	300
Stefan Kadelbach and Thomas Kleinlein: International Law – a Constitution for Mankind? An Attempt at a Re-appraisal with an Analysis of Constitutional Principles	303
A. Introduction	303
B. Constitutional Approaches Beyond the State	304
I. Structure of the Debate	304
II. The Concept of Constitution	308
III. Conditions for International Constitutionalism in German Legal Writings	310
C. Constitutional Norms in Public International Law	313
I. Fundamental Norms	314
II. The UN Charter and its Article 103	317
III. Constitutional Law of International Organizations	319
1. The European Union	320
2. The World Trade Organization	323
3. The Role of NGOs – and the ICRC and ILO as Two Organizations Neglected in the Debate	324
IV. Constitutionalism as a Response to Restrictions on the Domaine Réservé of States	327
V. Interim Conclusions	328
D. Constitutional Norms as Principles	330
I. The Constitutional Approach to Public International Law as a Value-oriented Approach	330
1. Values in German Public International Law Scholarship and Constitutional Doctrine	330
2. Deficits of the Value Approach	333
II. Hierarchy of Values	336
III. Reconstruction of the Constitutional Approach as a Theory of Constitutional Principles	337
1. The Formulation of Constitutional Norms as General Principles	338
2. Qualification of the Legal Norm as a Principle	342
3. Application of the Principle	345
E. Conclusions	347
Matthias Herdegen and Thilo Rensmann: Is There a Specific German Approach to the Prohibition of the Use of Force?	349
A. Introduction	349
B. The “Constitutionalization” of the United Nations System of Collective Security	350
C. Rearmament: Self-Defense as an Inherent Right	353
D. The Hungarian Uprising: A Disillusioned Shift to Realism	356
E. Cold War and Détente: Pragmatic Positivism	358
F. From Enemy State to Full Membership: The Demise of Formal Positivism	363
G. Reunification: From the Defense of German Territory to the Defense of International Peace and Security	367
H. The Humanitarian Intervention in the Kosovo Crisis as a Turning Point	369
I. The Iraq War and Preventive Self-Defense	371
J. Conclusion	373
Pierre-Marie Dupuy: Taking International Law Seriously: The German Approach to International Law	375
A. Introduction	375
B. Between Historical Responsibility and Vision	376
C. International Law as a Unified Legal System	382
D. Constitutionalization of the International Community	386
E. Conclusion	390
Eyal Benvenisti: The Conception of International Law as a Legal System	393
A. Introduction	393
B. The Systemic Vision of International Law	393
C. The Systemic Vision as a Delegation of Authority	396
D. Achievements and Challenges for the Systemic Vision of International Law	398
I. Toward Pragmatism in the Global Counter-terrorism Effort?	400
II. The Fragmentation of International Law	402
III. The Turn to Informal or Privatized Forms of International Coordination	403
E. Conclusion	404
Andrea Gattini: Post 1945 German International Law and State Responsibility	407
A. Introduction	407
B. Post 1945 German International Law	410
C. Post 1945 German International Law and State Responsibility	412
Luzius Wildhaber: A Sensible and Serious Approach to International Law?	415
Władysław Czapliński: The German Doctrine of International Law and Polish-German Relations (Past and Future)	419
A. Introduction	419
B. Diverse Polish and German Legal Positions Arising from the End of World War II	421
C. Conclusion	429
Lauri Hannikainen: Juridically Solid, Politically … What? Personal Reflections on the German Approach to International Law	431
A. The Cold War Period	432
B. My First Years and Decades in International Legal Science	433
C. An Effort to Analyze the Present German Approach to International Law	436
I. Legal Education	436
II. Political Factors	437
III. Closer Look at the German Approach	438
D. The German Judge at the International Court of Justice	439
E. My Present Contacts with German-speaking Scholars	443
Fred L. Morrison: German Scholars in the Invisible College of International Lawyers	445
A. The Major Difference: Choice of Topic	445
B. Background Influences	449
I. Thoroughness	450
II. The Rejection of Positivism	452
III. Personal Involvement in the Practice of Public International Law	452
C. Some Technical Differences	454
D. Conclusion	455
Stefan Oeter: The Dismemberment of Yugoslavia: An Update on Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo and Montenegro	457
A. Introduction	457
B. From Yugoslavia to Serbia and Montenegro: Dismemberment v. Identity	470
C. The 2001 Succession Agreement as Decisive Step towards the Resolution of Open Succession Disputes	475
D. Bosnia and Herzegovina: Sovereign Statehood under International Supervision	479
I. The Civil War in Bosnia and the Road to Dayton	479
II. The Dayton Accord: Setting the Framework for a “Quasi-Protectorate”	484
III. The High Representative: Coordinator of International Assistance or Colonial “Pro-Consul?”	490
IV. Are there Chances of Constitutional Reform?	493
V. Partition as an Alternative?	495
E. Kosovo: From Humanitarian Intervention to “Conditional Independence”	496
I. The Events Prior to Resolution 1244	496
II. UNMIK: Mandate, Structure, Problems	501
III. Negotiations on the Final Status and the “Ahtisaari Plan”	506
IV. Moving towards “Conditional” Independence	510
V. Issues of State Succession	513
F. Montenegro: From Union with Serbia to Independent Statehood	515
G. Conclusions	518
Alexander Szodruch: Necessity and Beyond – The Legal Aftermath of the Argentine Financial Crisis before the German Federal Constitutional Court	523
A. A New Era of State Insolvencies: The Argentine Crisis	523
B. Proceedings before German Courts	525
C. The Preliminary Ruling Procedure	527
D. State of Necessity as a Defense for a Payment Default: The Ruling of 8 May 2007	529
I. General Recognition of the Necessity Defense in International Law	529
II. Applicability of Necessity in Contractual Relationships: The Majority Opinion	530
III. Dissenting opinion by Judge Lübbe-Wolff	532
IV. Analysis	533
E. Enforcing Judgments against Argentina	536
I. The Ruling of 6 December 2006 Regarding Embassy Accounts	537
II. Argentine Financial Activities Outside the Diplomatic Mission	539
F. Conclusion	541
Tobias Thienel: The Burden and Standard of Proof in the European Court of Human Rights	543
A. Introduction	543
B. The Burden of Proof	544
I. The Terminology and the Existence of a Burden of Proof in the ECtHR	545
1. The “Burden of Producing Evidence”	545
2. The “Persuasive” or “Legal” Burden	548
3. Consequences for the Application of “Judicial Notice”	549
II. The Incidence of the Burden	550
1. In General	550
2. Exceptions, Justifications and Defenses	551
III. The “Shifting” Burden	554
C. The Standard of Proof	555
I. What is a Standard of Proof?	555
1. A Question of Procedural Law	555
2. Questions of Fact v. Questions of Law	556
a) The Interpretation of the Law	556
b) The Application of the Law	556
c) Domestic Law	558
3. Assessment of Risks v. Standard of Proof?	561
II. The Strasbourg Authorities	563
1. Early Case Law	563
2. Later Developments	564
III. The Source of the Standard of Proof	566
1. The Common Law Tradition	567
2. The Civil Law Tradition	569
3. The Practice of Other International Courts	571
4. Conclusions on the Source of the Standard of Proof	575
IV. The Standard of Proof “Beyond Reasonable Doubt” in Principle	578
1. The Standard of Proof “Beyond Reasonable Doubt” in Criminal Law	578
2. The Standard of Proof “Beyond Reasonable Doubt” and the Court’s Task	579
V. Indications on the Proper Standard of Proof	581
VI. The Standard of Proof where the Burden is on the State	583
VII. The Standard of Proof on the Question of a “Real Risk” (Soering)	586
VIII. Conclusions on the Standard of Proof	586
D. Conclusion	587
REPORTS	589
Saskia Klatte und Jonas S. Dörschner: Die Rechtsprechung des Internationalen Gerichtshofes im Jahre 2007	589
A. Einleitung	589
B. Anhängige Verfahren im Jahre 2007	589
C. Pulp Mills on the River Uruguay (Argentina v. Uruguay)	592
I. Hintergrund des Falles	592
II. Rechtliche Erwägungen des Gerichtshofs	593
III. Entscheidungsformel	593
IV. Erklärungen, Sondervoten und abweichende Meinungen	593
1. Erklärung des Richters Koroma	593
2. Erklärung des Richters Buergenthal	594
3. Abweichende Meinung des ad hoc-Richters Torres Bernárdez	594
D. Ahmadou Sadio Diallo (Republic of Guinea v. Democratic Republic of the Congo)	594
I. Hintergrund des Falles	595
II. Rechtliche Erwägungen des Gerichtshofs	595
III. Entscheidungsformel	597
IV. Erklärungen, Sondervoten und abweichende Meinungen	597
1. Erklärung des ad hoc-Richters Mahiou	597
2. Sondervotum des ad hoc-Richters Mampuya	598
E. Territorial and Maritime Dispute (Nicaragua v. Colombia)	598
I. Hintergrund des Falles	598
II. Die rechtlichen Erwägungen	599
III. Entscheidungsformel	601
IV. Erklärungen, Sondervoten und abweichende Meinungen	601
1. Abweichende Meinung des Vize-Präsidenten Al-Khasawneh	601
2. Sondervotum des Richters Ranjeva	602
3. Erklärung des Richters Parra-Aranguren	602
4. Erklärung des Richters Simma	602
5. Erklärung des Richters Tomka	602
6. Sondervotum des Richters Abraham	603
7. Erklärung des Richters Keith	603
8. Abweichende Meinung des Richters Bennouna	603
9. Erklärung des ad hoc-Richters Gaja	604
F. Case Concerning the Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (Bosnia and Herzegovina v. Serbia and Montenegro)	604
I. Gang des Verfahrens	604
II. Klagegegner	606
III. Zuständigkeit des IGH	606
IV. Die Anwendbarkeit der Völkermordkonvention	608
1. Notwendigkeit des Dolus Specialis	609
2. Ethische Säuberungen als eigener Tatbestand	609
3. Definition der geschützten Gruppe	610
V. Beweisfragen	611
VI. Verwirklichung des Tatbestandes	612
VII. Verantwortung Serbiens	612
1. Eingeständnis	613
2. Die Zurechnung aufgrund des Verhaltens der Organe	613
3. Zurechnung aufgrund von Kontrolle	614
4. Verantwortlichkeit nach Artikel III (b) bis (e) Völkermordkonvention	615
5. Verantwortlichkeit für den Verstoß gegen die Verpflichtung, Völkermord zu verhüten und bestrafen	615
6. Verantwortlichkeit bezüglich der vom Gerichtshof angeordneten vorläufigen Maßnahmen	616
VIII. Rechtsfolgen und Entschädigung	616
IX. Entscheidungsformel	617
X. Sondervoten, Erklärungen und abweichende Meinungen	618
1. Abweichende Meinung von Vizepräsident Al-Khasawneh	618
2. Abweichende Meinung von Richter Ranjeva, Shi und Koroma	618
3. Sondervotum von Richter Ranjeva	619
4. Gemeinsame Erklärung von Richter Shi und Koroma	619
5. Sondervotum von Richter Owada	619
6. Sondervotum des Richters Tomka	620
7. Erklärung des Richters Keith	620
8. Erklärung des Richters Bennouna	620
9. Erklärung des Richters Skotnikov	621
10. Abweichende Meinung von ad-hoc Richter Mahiou	621
11. Sondervotum des ad hoc-Richters Kreća	621
G. Case Concerning Territorial and Maritime Dispute between Nicaragua and Honduras in the Caribbean Sea (Nicaragua v. Honduras)	622
I. Hintergrund des Falles und Anträge der Parteien	622
II. Rechtliche Erwägungen des Gerichtshofes	623
1. Souveränität über die Inseln	623
2. Bestimmung des seewärtigen Grenzverlaufes	624
III. Entscheidungsformel	625
IV. Sondervoten, Erklärungen und abweichende Meinungen	626
1. Sondervotum von Richter Ranjeva	626
2. Sondervotum von Richter Koroma	626
3. Abweichende Meinung von ad-hoc Richter Torres Bernárdez	626
4. Erklärungen von Richter Parra-Aranguren und ad-hoc Richter Gaja	627
H. Ausblick	627
Patrick Braasch und Julia Glocke: Die Rechtsprechung des Europäischen Gerichtshofes für Menschenrechte im Jahre 2007	629
A. Einleitung	629
B. Zulässigkeitsvoraussetzungen	630
I. Jurisdiktion eines Vertragsstaates	630
II. Zulässigkeit nach Art. 34 Satz 1	632
III. Zulässigkeit nach Art. 35	632
C. Materielle Bestimmungen	633
I. Das Recht auf Leben, Art. 2	633
II. Das Verbot von Folter und unmenschlicher Behandlung, Art. 3	636
III. Das Recht auf Freiheit und Sicherheit, Art. 5	640
1. Die Rechtmäßigkeit der Haft, Art. 5 Abs. 1	641
2. Das Recht auf Mitteilung der Gründe der Festnahme, Art. 5 Abs. 2	643
3. Richterliche Vorführung und Haftdauer, Art. 5 Abs. 3	644
4. Das Recht auf Haftprüfung, Art. 5 Abs. 4	645
5. Das Recht Schadensersatz, Art. 5 Abs. 5	647
IV. Verfahrensgarantien, Art. 6	647
1. Anwendbarkeit des Art. 6	647
2. Verfahrensgarantien des Art. 6 Abs. 1	648
a) Anforderungen an das nationale Gericht, Art. 6 Abs. 1	648
(1) Das Recht auf Zugang zu einem Gericht	648
(2) Gesetzmäßigkeit des Gerichts	650
(3) Unabhängigkeit und Unparteilichkeit des auf Gesetz beruhenden Gerichts	651
(4) Das Recht auf öffentliche Anhörung	652
(5) Recht auf Entscheidung in angemessener Frist	653
(6) Umsetzung rechtskräftiger Urteile	653
b) Grundsätze des fairen Verfahrens, Art. 6 Abs. 1	654
3. Die Unschuldsvermutung, Art. 6 Abs. 2	656
4. Die Verfahrensgarantien für den Beschuldigten, Art. 6 Abs. 3	656
a) Vorbereitung der Verteidigung, Art. 6 Abs. 3 lit. b	657
b) Anwaltliche Vertretung, Art. 6 Abs. 3 lit. c	657
c) Befragung und Ladung von Zeugen, Art. 6 Abs. 3 lit. d	658
V. Keine Strafe ohne Gesetz, Art. 7	658
VI. Die Freiheitsrechte	659
1. Die einzelnen Schutzbereiche	659
a) Recht auf Achtung des Privat- und Familienlebens, Art. 8	659
b) Recht auf Gedanken-, Gewissens- und Religionsfreiheit, Art. 9	662
c) Recht auf freie Meinungsäußerung, Art.10	663
d) Recht auf Versammlungs- und Vereinigungsfreiheit, Art. 11	665
2. Rechtfertigung, gemeinsame Merkmale der Art. 8–11	666
VII. Das Recht auf wirksame Beschwerde, Art. 13	667
VIII. Das Diskriminierungsverbot, Art. 14	668
IX. Das Recht auf Schutz des Eigentums, Art. 1 ZP I	670
X. Das Recht auf Bildung, Art. 2 ZP I	672
XI. Das Recht auf Wahlen, Art. 3 ZP I	673
XII. Das Recht auf Freizügigkeit und Ausreisefreiheit, Art. 2 ZP IV	674
XIII. Das Recht, wegen derselben Strafsache nicht zweimal vor Gericht gestellt oder bestraft zu werden, Art. 4 ZP VII	675
D. Sonstige Bestimmungen	675
I. Die wirksame Ausübung des Beschwerderechts, Art. 34 Satz 2	675
II. Streichung von Beschwerden, Art. 37	676
E. Folgen einer Konventionsverletzung	677
I. Gerechte Entschädigung nach Art. 41	677
II. Weitere Folgen nach Art. 46	678
Clemens A. Müller: The Work of the International Criminal Court in 2007	679
A. Introduction	679
B. Developments in the Institutional Structure and Exterior Relations of the Court	679
C. Overview of Situations and Cases before the Court	682
I. The Situation in the Democratic Republic of Congo and the Cases against Thomas Lubanga Dyilo and Germain Katanga	682
1. The Case against Thomas Lubanga Dyilo	683
2. The Case against Germain Katanga	687
II. The Situation in Northern Uganda and the Case against Joseph Kony et al.	688
III. The Situation in Sudan and the Case of Ahmad Harun and Ali Kushayb	691
IV. The Situation in the Central African Republic	697
D. Substantive Legal Questions Addressed by the Organs of the Court	700
I. The Prosecutor’s Policy Paper on the Interest of Justice	700
II. The Notion of Co-Perpetration	702
III. Interim Release of the Accused	703
E. Conclusion and Outlook	704
Eleonor Fernández Muñoz and Till Gut: The Work of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia in the Year 2007	707
A. Introduction	707
B. Changes to the Legal Bases and the Composition of the Tribunal	708
I. Amendments to the Rules of Procedure and Evidence	709
II. Changes to the Personal Composition of the Tribunal	709
C. Proceedings before the Tribunal	710
I. Pre-Trial Proceedings	710
1. Arrests and Indictments	710
a) Prosecutor v. Vlastimir Ðorđević	710
b) Prosecutor v. Ante Gotovina et al.	711
c) Prosecutor v. Momčilo Perišić	712
d) Prosecutor v. Franko Simatović and Jovica Stanišić	713
e) Prosecutor v. Mićo Stanišić	713
f) Prosecutor v. Zdravko Tolimir	714
2. Referrals of Cases Pursuant to Rule 11bis RPE	715
II. Judgments and Proceedings before the Trial Chambers	716
1. Running Trials	716
a) Prosecutor v. Lujbe Boškoski and Johan Tarčulovski	716
b) Prosecutor v. Rasim Delić	716
c) Prosecutor v. Ramush Haradinaj et al.	717
d) Prosecutor v. Dragan Jokić	719
e) Prosecutor v. Milan Milutinović et al.	719
f) Prosecutor v. Vujadin Popović et al.	720
g) Prosecutor v. Jadranko Prlić et al.	721
h) Prosecutor v. Vojislav Šešelj	721
2. Judgments	721
a) Prosecutor v. Dragan Zelenović	721
aa) Finding on the Counts	722
bb) Sentencing Considerations	723
b) Prosecutor v. Domagoj Margetić	724
c) Prosecutor v. Milan Martić	725
aa) Findings on the Counts	725
bb) Individual Criminal Liability of the Accused	726
cc) Sentence	728
d) Prosecutor v. Mile Mrkšić et al.	728
aa) Findings on the Counts	729
bb) Individual Criminal Responsibility	729
e) Prosecutor v. Dragomir Milošević	730
aa) Findings on the Counts	731
bb) Individual Criminal Liability of the Accused	731
cc) Sentence	732
III. Judgments and Proceedings before the Appeals Chamber	733
1. Judgments	733
a) Prosecutor v. Josip Jović	733
b) Prosecutor v. Miroslav Bralo	734
c) Prosecutor v. Radoslav Brđanin	735
aa) Grounds of Appeal of the Defense	736
bb) Grounds of Appeal of the Prosecution	737
cc) Sentencing	739
dd) The Minority Judges on JCE	739
d) Prosecutor v. Vidoje Blagojević and Dragan Jokić	740
aa) The Defense Appeal of Blagojević	740
bb) The Defense Appeal of Jokić	742
cc) The Prosecution Appeal	742
e) Prosecutor v. Fatmir Limaj et al.	743
aa) Bala Defense Appeal and Prosecution Appeal	743
bb) Limaj and Musliu Prosecution Appeal	744
f) Prosecutor v. Sefer Halilović	745
aa) The Admissibility of the 1996 Statement	745
bb) Command Responsibility	746
g) Prosecutor v. Dragan Zelenović	748
2. Cases Pending before the Appeals Chamber	748
a) Prosecutor v. Pavle Strugar	748
b) Prosecutor v. Mom ilo Krajišnik	749
c) Other Pending Cases	750
D. Outlook	750
Veronika Strnisková und Anja Trautmann: Die Rechtsprechung der WTO-Streitbeilegungsgremien im Jahre 2007	751
A. Einführung	751
B. Die WTO-Rechtsprechung zu den einzelnen Handelsabkommen	752
I. Multilaterale Übereinkommen zum Warenhandel	752
1. Allgemeines Zoll- und Handelsabkommen (GATT 1994)	752
2. Übereinkommen über die Landwirtschaft (AoA)	756
a) Chile – Price Band System and Safeguard Measures Relating to Certain Agricultural Products (Recourse to Article 21.5 of the DSU by Argentina)	757
b) Turkey – Measures Affecting Importation of Rice	758
3. Übereinkommen zur Durchführung des Artikels VI des GATT 1994 (ADÜ)	760
a) United States – Sunset Reviews of Anti-Dumping Measures on Oil Country Tubular Goods from Argentina (Recourse to Art. 21.5 of the DSU by Argentina)	760
b) United States – Anti-Dumping Measure on Shrimps from Ecuador	764
c) United States – Measures Relating to Zeroing and Sunset Reviews	765
d) Korea-Anti Dumping Duties on Imports of Certain Paper from Indonesia (Recourse to Article 21.5 of the DSU by Indonesia)	768
e) Mexico – Anti-Dumping Duties on Steel Pipes and Tubes from Guatemala	770
f) European Communities – Anti-Dumping Measure on Farmed Salmon from Norway	772
4. Übereinkommen über Subventionen und Ausgleichsmaßnahmen (SCM)	774
II. Allgemeines Übereinkommen über den Handel mit Dienstleistungen (GATS)	778
C. Ausblick	780
Richard Happ and Noah Rubins: Awards and Decisions of ICSID Tribunals in 2007	781
A. Introduction	781
B. PSEG Global Inc. and Konya Ilgin Elektrik Uretim ve Ticaret Limited Sirketi v. The Republic of Turkey (Case No. ARB/02/5)	782
I. The Dispute	782
II. The Decision	783
C. Siemens A.G. v. The Argentine Republic (Case No. ARB/02/8)	785
I. The Dispute	785
II. The Decision	785
1. Merits	786
2. Compensation	788
D. Waguih Elie George Siag and Clorinda Vecchi v. The Arab Republic of Egypt (Case No. ARB/05/15)	789
I. The Dispute	789
II. The Decision	790
E. Malaysian Historical Salvors SDN, BHD v. The Government of Malaysia (Case No. ARB/05/10)	792
I. The Dispute	792
II. The Decision	792
F. Enron Corporation & Ponderosa Assets, L.P. v. Argentine Republic (Case No. ARB/01/3)	794
I. The Dispute	795
II. The Decision	795
G. Hussein Nuaman Soufraki v. the United Arab Emirates (Case No. ARB/02/7)	798
I. The Dispute	798
II. The Decision	798
H. Tokios Tokelès v. Ukraine (Case No. ARB/02/18)	799
I. The Dispute	800
II. The Decision	800
1. Jurisdiction	800
2. Merits	801
3. Dissenting Opinion	802
J. Ioannis Kardassopolous v. Georgia (Case No. ARB/05/18)	803
I. The Dispute	803
II. The Decision	804
K. MCI Power Group L.C. and New Turbine, Inc. v. Ecuador (Case No. ARB/03/6)	806
I. The Dispute	806
II. The Decision	807
1. Jurisdiction	807
2. Merits	808
L. Fraport AG v. The Republic of the Philippines (Case No. ARB/03/25)	809
I. The Dispute	810
II. The Decision	811
III. Dissenting Opinion	812
M. Compania de Aguas del Aconquija S.A. and Vivendi Universal S.A. v. Argentine Republic (Case No. ARB/97/3)	813
I. The Dispute	813
II. The Decision	814
N. Parkerings-Compagniet AS v. the Republic of Lithuania (Case No. ARB/05/8)	817
I. The Dispute	817
II. The Decision	818
O. CMS Gas Transmission Company v. Argentine Republic (Case No. ARB/01/8)	819
I. The Dispute	819
II. The Decision	820
P. Archer Daniels Midland Company and Tale & Lyle Ingredients Americas, Inc. v. The United Mexican States (Case No. ARB(AF)/04/5)	822
I. The Dispute	822
II. The Decision	823
Q. Concluding Remarks	825
Dörte Herrmann und Meike Laufmöller: Die Tätigkeit der International Law Commission im Jahre 2007	827
A. Einleitung	827
B. Vorbehalte zu völkerrechtlichen Verträgen	827
I. Angenommene Richtlinien	828
II. Diskutierte Richtlinien	829
1. Voraussetzungen für den Einspruch gegen einen Vorbehalt	829
2. Form des Einspruchs	829
3. Rücknahme eines Einspruchs	831
4. Zustimmung zu einem Vorbehalt	831
C. Gemeinsame natürliche Ressourcen	832
D. Ausweisung von Ausländern	833
I. Zweiter Bericht des Sonderberichterstatters	833
1. Reichweite (scope)	833
2. Definitionen	835
a) Ausländer (alien)	835
b) Ausweisung (expulsion)	835
c) Staatsgebiet und Grenzen	836
II. Dritter Bericht des Sonderberichterstatters	837
1. Recht auf Ausweisung (Art. 3)	837
2. Begrenzungen durch die Völkerrechtsordnung	838
a) Ausweisung von Staatsangehörigen (Art. 4)	838
b) Ausweisung von Flüchtlingen (Art. 5)	839
c) Ausweisung von Staatenlosen (Art. 6)	839
d) Kollektivausweisungen (Art. 7)	840
III. Diskussion	841
IV. Ergebnisse der diesjährigen Sitzung	842
E. Wirkungen bewaffneter Konflikte auf Verträge	843
I. Verträge mit internationalen Organisationen	843
II. Nicht-internationale Konflikte	844
III. Parteiwille als Auslegungsfaktor	844
IV. Fortgeltende Verträge	845
F. Verantwortlichkeit internationaler Organisationen	846
I. Unerheblichkeit der Vorschriften der internationalen Organisation (Art. 35)	846
II. Sicherstellung der effektiven Erfüllung der Wiedergutmachungspflicht (Art. 43)	847
III. Mitwirkung bei der Beendigung eines ius-cogens-Verstoßes	848
G. Verpflichtung zur Strafverfolgung oder Auslieferung (aut dedere aut iudicare)	848
I. Rechtsquelle der Verpflichtung	849
II. Anwendungsbereich des Entwurfs und Verhältnis zur Strafverfolgung	849
III. Weiteres Vorgehen	850
H. Ausblick	851
BOOK REVIEWS	853
Gernot Biehler: Auswärtige Gewalt. Auswirkungen Auswärtiger Interessen im innerstaatlichen Recht (Ingo Winkelmann)	853
Angelika Emmerich-Fritsche: Vom Völkerrecht zum Weltrecht (Jost Delbrück)	855
Walter Frenz: Handbuch Europarecht. Band III: Beihilfe- und Vergaberecht (Joachim Schwind)	856
Steven Greer: European Convention on Human Rights – Achievement, Problems, Prospects (Tatjana Papic)	860
Oren Gross/Fionnuala Ní Aoláin: Law in Times of Crisis – Emergency Powers in Theory and Practice (Christian Johann)	864
Rainer Grote/Thilo Marauhn (Hrsg): EMRK/GG: Konkordanzkommentar (Rainer Hofmann)	866
Rainer Hofmann/Christian J. Tams (eds.): The International Convention on the Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) – Taking Stock after 40 Years (Christian Tietje)	868
Dan Sarooshi: International Organizations and their Exercise of Sovereign Powers (Manuel Knebelsberger)	871
Theodor Schweisfurth: Völkerrecht (Christian Tomuschat)	873
Nikolas Stürchler: The Threat of Force in International Law (Alexander Proelß)	876
Sigrun I. Skogly: Beyond National Borders: States’ Human Rights Obligations in International Cooperation (Helmut Philipp Aust)	878
Todd Weiler (ed.): International Investment Law and Arbitration: Leading Cases from the ICSID, NAFTA, Bilateral Treaties and Customary International Law (Christian J. Tams)	880
Andreas Zimmermann/Christian Tomuschat/Karin Oellers-Frahm/Christian J. Tams/Tobias Thienel: The Statute of the International Court of Justice. A Commentary (Arthur Eyffinger)	882
BOOKS RECEIVED	895
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS	897

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German Yearbook of International Law / Jahrbuch für Internationales Recht

Vol. 50 (2007)

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