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Delbrück, J., Hofmann, R., Zimmermann, A. (Eds.) (2005). German Yearbook of International Law / Jahrbuch für Internationales Recht. Vol. 47 (2004). Duncker & Humblot. https://doi.org/10.3790/978-3-428-51853-1
Delbrück, Jost; Hofmann, Rainer and Zimmermann, Andreas. German Yearbook of International Law / Jahrbuch für Internationales Recht: Vol. 47 (2004). Duncker & Humblot, 2005. Book. https://doi.org/10.3790/978-3-428-51853-1
Delbrück, J, Hofmann, R, Zimmermann, A (eds.) (2005): German Yearbook of International Law / Jahrbuch für Internationales Recht: Vol. 47 (2004), Duncker & Humblot, [online] https://doi.org/10.3790/978-3-428-51853-1
Format
German Yearbook of International Law / Jahrbuch für Internationales Recht
Vol. 47 (2004)
Editors: Delbrück, Jost | Hofmann, Rainer | Zimmermann, Andreas
German Yearbook of International Law / Jahrbuch für Internationales Recht, Vol. 47
(2005)
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Abstract
The German Yearbook of International Law was founded in 1948 as the "Jahrbuch für Internationales Recht" by Rudolf Laun and Hermann von Mangoldt and is now edited by the Institute for International Law at the University of Kiel. Since its inception it has endeavoured to contribute to the development of international law. Originally it has done this mainly by providing German scholars with an opportunity to publish the results of their works, but increasingly also by offering an international forum.In view of the desirability of obtaining for the Yearbook the largest possible international audience, the editors in 1976 have decided to use the present English title and to accept for publication preferably contributions written in English, or - to a lesser degree - in French. Naturally, the Yearbook also contains contributions written in German. This policy to overcome traditional language barriers appears to have proven successful both in informing the international law community about research done in German academic institutions and in presenting international viewpoints on various topics to the German audience.The Yearbook provides an annual report on the work of international organizations and bodies including the International Court of Justice and the European Court and Commission of Human Rights. Fully aware of the paramount importance of practical aspects in this field, the editors from the beginning also have sought to include contributions from practitioners of international law.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Contents | 5 | ||
| FORUM | 9 | ||
| Rainer Hofmann: The German Federal Constitutional Court and Public International Law: New Decisions, New Approaches? | 9 | ||
| A. Introduction | 9 | ||
| B. Justice Di Fabio’s View on the Relationship between the Federal Constitutional Court and Public International Law | 11 | ||
| I. The Tasks of National Constitutional Courts | 12 | ||
| II. Human Rights and the Grundgesetz | 13 | ||
| C. The Three Recent Decisions of the Federal Constitutional Court | 17 | ||
| I. International Treaty Law, in Particular Judgments of the European Court of Human Rights, and the German Domestic Legal Order | 17 | ||
| 1. The Facts | 17 | ||
| 2. The Decision of the Federal Constitutional Court | 18 | ||
| 3. The Follow-up | 23 | ||
| II. General Principles of International Law and the German Domestic Legal Order | 24 | ||
| 1. The Facts | 24 | ||
| 2. The Decision of the Federal Constitutional Court | 25 | ||
| III. Treaty Obligations to Extradite and the Grundgesetz | 29 | ||
| D. Some Comments | 30 | ||
| I. The Order of 14 October 2004 | 30 | ||
| II. The Order of 26 October 2004 | 34 | ||
| III. The Provisional Order of 24 November 2004 | 36 | ||
| E. Concluding Remarks | 37 | ||
| Petros C. Mavroidis: Cosi Fan Tutti [sic] – Tales of Trade and Development, Development and Trade | 39 | ||
| A. Presentation of the Paper | 39 | ||
| B. Geneva, August 2004 | 39 | ||
| I. The ‘Development Round’ | 40 | ||
| II. Development while Trading: The Pre-Doha Situation | 41 | ||
| 1. Special and Differential, Yes; Development-Oriented Also? | 42 | ||
| 2. Expanding the WTO Mandate: The More the Merrier? | 46 | ||
| III. Cancun, Not Far from the Tropic of Failure | 49 | ||
| IV. Resurrecting the Whole Enterprise: Geneva, August 2004 | 50 | ||
| C. The Remaining Features of the Doha Round | 53 | ||
| I. Legislative Distortions | 54 | ||
| II. Jurisprudential Distortions | 56 | ||
| III. Gray Areas | 59 | ||
| D. Conclusions | 60 | ||
| FOCUS SECTION AFRICA AND INTERNATIONAL LAW | 63 | ||
| Mohammed Bedjaoui: La contribution en demi-teinte de l’Afrique au développement du droit international | 63 | ||
| A. Une offensive précaire | 65 | ||
| I. La tabula rasa | 66 | ||
| II. L’uti possidetis juris | 68 | ||
| III. L’instauration d’un nouvel ordre économique international | 71 | ||
| IV. Le concept de zone économique exclusive: Une idée généreuse qui a davantage tourné au profit des pays développés | 74 | ||
| B. Un effacement durable | 77 | ||
| I. Le maintien de la paix et de la sécurité africaines: le droit d’ingérence africain | 80 | ||
| II. L’instauration de l’Etat de droit | 81 | ||
| III. La promotion et la protection des droits de l’homme | 82 | ||
| IV. La bonne gouvernance et le nouveau partenariat pour le développement en Afrique (NEPAD) | 82 | ||
| C. Conclusion | 83 | ||
| Bahame Tom Mukirya Nyanduga: Refugee Protection under the 1969 OAU Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa | 85 | ||
| A. Introduction | 85 | ||
| B. The 1969 OAU Convention | 88 | ||
| I. Historical Background | 88 | ||
| II. Analysis of the 1969 OAU Convention | 90 | ||
| C. Challenges to Refugee Protection in Africa | 96 | ||
| D. Other Mechanisms of Legal Protection of Refugee Rights in Africa | 100 | ||
| E. Conclusion | 103 | ||
| Jean-Francois Durieux and Agnès Hurwitz: How Many Is Too Many? African and European Legal Responses to Mass Influxes of Refugees | 105 | ||
| A. Introduction | 105 | ||
| B. Tensions in the Universal Regime | 109 | ||
| I. Qualification | 109 | ||
| II. Standards of Protection | 111 | ||
| III. Termination | 113 | ||
| C. African Refugee Law and Practice | 115 | ||
| I. Qualification | 116 | ||
| II. Standards of Protection | 125 | ||
| III. Termination and Solutions | 129 | ||
| D. European Refugee Law and Practice | 135 | ||
| I. Qualification | 144 | ||
| II. Standards of Treatment | 149 | ||
| III. Termination and Durable Solutions | 152 | ||
| E. Conclusions | 156 | ||
| Hennie Strydom: South Africa and International Law – From Confrontation to Cooperation | 160 | ||
| A. Introduction | 160 | ||
| B. At Loggerheads with the International Community | 161 | ||
| I. The World of J.C. Smuts | 161 | ||
| II. A Lesson about Sanctions | 163 | ||
| III. The Credentials Issue | 172 | ||
| IV. The Armed Struggle and Humanitarian Law | 176 | ||
| V. The South West Africa (Namibia) Dispute | 180 | ||
| C. International Law and International Relations in the Democratic Era | 186 | ||
| I. International Law as an Interpretation Aid | 187 | ||
| II. Treaty-Making Powers and the Status of Customary International Law | 191 | ||
| III. Human Rights Related Matters | 193 | ||
| 1. To What Extent Is International Law Really Used as an Interpretation Aid? | 193 | ||
| 2. Human Rights Agreements and Their Implementation | 196 | ||
| 3. Extradition Issues | 198 | ||
| D. Jus in Bello and Jus ad Bellum | 208 | ||
| E. Conclusion | 212 | ||
| Natalie Klein: State Responsibility for International Humanitarian Law Violations and the Work of the Eritrea Ethiopia Claims Commission So Far | 214 | ||
| A. Introduction | 214 | ||
| I. Background to the Border Conflict | 216 | ||
| II. The Bases for State Responsibility for Violations of International Humanitarian Law | 218 | ||
| III. Establishment of the EECC | 221 | ||
| B. Jurisdiction of the EECC | 223 | ||
| I. Subject Matter Jurisdiction | 223 | ||
| II. Temporal Jurisdiction | 225 | ||
| III. Personal Jurisdiction | 228 | ||
| C. Applicable Law | 230 | ||
| D. Evidentiary Issues | 237 | ||
| E. Legal Standards for Establishing a Violation of International Humanitarian Law | 246 | ||
| F. Prisoners of War: Substantive Law Aspects | 249 | ||
| I. Delays in Release and Repatriation | 252 | ||
| II. Coercive Interrogation of POWs | 254 | ||
| G. Central Front: Substantive Law Aspects | 255 | ||
| I. Indiscriminate Placement of Landmines | 259 | ||
| II. Stela of Matara | 260 | ||
| III. Displacement of Civilians as a Violation of International Humanitarian Law | 261 | ||
| H. Reparations | 261 | ||
| I. Assessment of the EECC as a Form of Dispute Settlement for International Humanitarian Law Violations | 264 | ||
| Mariano J. Aznar-Gómez and Juan M. Ortega Terol: Spain and Its Former African Territories: A General Survey of Current Cooperation | 267 | ||
| A. Introduction | 267 | ||
| B. Some Preliminary Data | 268 | ||
| I. Historical | 268 | ||
| 1. Morocco | 268 | ||
| 2. Equatorial Guinea | 268 | ||
| II. Statistics | 269 | ||
| 1. Migration | 269 | ||
| 2. Commerce | 270 | ||
| III. Current Legal Status of Spanish Possessions in Africa | 271 | ||
| 1. Ceuta and Melilla | 271 | ||
| 2. Other Possessions | 273 | ||
| C. The Current Legal Cooperation Between Spain and Morocco and Equatorial Guinea | 275 | ||
| I. The Evolution of Moroccan-Spanish Cooperation through Treaties | 276 | ||
| 1. General Framework | 277 | ||
| 2. Particular Areas of Cooperation | 278 | ||
| a) Economic and Financial Relations | 278 | ||
| b) Cultural, Scientific and Technical Cooperation | 280 | ||
| c) Legal and Judicial Assistance | 281 | ||
| d) Labor and Immigration Cooperation | 282 | ||
| e) Other Spheres of Cooperation | 283 | ||
| II. The Evolution of Equatorial Guinea-Spanish Cooperation through Treaties | 284 | ||
| 1. General Framework | 286 | ||
| 2. Particular Areas of Cooperation | 286 | ||
| a) Economic and Financial Relations | 286 | ||
| b) Education, Cultural, Scientific and Technical Cooperation | 288 | ||
| c) Agriculture and Fisheries | 289 | ||
| d) Labor and Social Matters | 289 | ||
| e) Communications | 290 | ||
| f) Defense | 291 | ||
| g) Other Matters | 291 | ||
| D. Some Conclusions | 292 | ||
| GENERAL ARTICLES | 293 | ||
| Knut Dörmann and Laurent Colassis: International Humanitarian Law in the Iraq Conflict | 293 | ||
| A. The Law Applicable to the Conflict in Iraq | 294 | ||
| I. Beginning of the Air Attacks on 20 March 2003 | 295 | ||
| II. Control over Iraqi Territory | 297 | ||
| 1. What Factual Situations Amount to an Occupation? | 297 | ||
| 2. The Lawfulness of Occupation Is Not Regulated by IHL and Does Not Affect the Application of the Law of Occupation | 301 | ||
| 3. Which States Are the Occupying Powers? | 302 | ||
| 4. The “Rights” and Duties of Occupying Powers | 305 | ||
| III. The Situation after 28 June 2004 – End of Occupation? | 307 | ||
| 1. Transfer of Effective Control to Another Authority and Consent for Continued Presence | 309 | ||
| 2. Application of IHL Post 28 June 2004 | 312 | ||
| B. Some Selected Problems in the Application of IHL in Iraq | 314 | ||
| I. Status of Persons in the Power of the Enemy – Before 28 June 2004 | 314 | ||
| 1. Prisoners of War | 315 | ||
| a) General Observations | 315 | ||
| b) Members of Organized Resistance Movements | 316 | ||
| aa) ‘Resistance Movement’ | 317 | ||
| bb) ‘Organized’ Armed Groups | 317 | ||
| cc) ‘Belonging to a Party to the Conflict’ | 318 | ||
| dd) Additional Requirements of Article 4 A Para. 2 GC III | 321 | ||
| c) Determination of Status in Case of Doubt | 322 | ||
| 2. Persons Protected by the Fourth Geneva Convention | 322 | ||
| 3. ‘Unlawful Combatants’ | 324 | ||
| II. Status of Persons in the Power of the Enemy – After 28 June 2004 | 327 | ||
| 1. Persons Captured or Arrested before 28 June 2004 | 327 | ||
| a) Persons Held by the Multinational Forces | 327 | ||
| b) Persons Held by the Iraqi Authorities | 329 | ||
| 2. Persons Captured or Arrested after 28 June 2004 | 329 | ||
| III. Interrogation of Persons Deprived of Their Liberty | 330 | ||
| IV. Exposure of Prisoners of War to Public Curiosity | 334 | ||
| V. The Issue of ‘Ghost Detainees’ | 337 | ||
| VI. The Situation of Embedded Journalists | 338 | ||
| VII. Feigning of Protected Status and Using Protected Objects and Persons to Shield Military Operations | 340 | ||
| C. Conclusions | 342 | ||
| Andrea Bianchi: Dismantling the Wall: The ICJ’s Advisory Opinion and Its Likely Impact on International Law | 343 | ||
| A. Introductory Remarks: The Court at the Crossroads of Law and Politics | 343 | ||
| B. The Opinion in a Nutshell | 347 | ||
| C. The Indiscernible Contours of Judicial Propriety: The Court and Its Ethos | 358 | ||
| D. Tearing the UN Institutional Equilibrium to Pieces: The Security Council as the Great Loser | 363 | ||
| E. The Interplay of Human Rights and International Humanitarian Law in the Jurisprudence of the Court | 369 | ||
| F. New Scenarios and Old Paradigms: The Conservative Stance on the Use of Force | 374 | ||
| G. Assessing the Legal Consequences … of the Legal Consequences Envisaged by the Court | 378 | ||
| H. “Waiting for Godot:” The ICJ and Jus Cogens | 383 | ||
| J. Conclusion: The Guardians of International Legality | 387 | ||
| David Kretzmer: The Supreme Court of Israel: Judicial Review during Armed Conflict | 392 | ||
| A. Introduction | 392 | ||
| B. Role and Function of the Supreme Court of Israel | 394 | ||
| C. Judicial Review over Decisions in the Occupied Territories | 396 | ||
| I. Jurisdiction and Justiciability | 396 | ||
| II. Applicable Law: Hague Regulations and Geneva Convention IV | 397 | ||
| III. Applicable Law: Israeli Administrative Law | 400 | ||
| IV. General Assessment of Court’s Approach | 402 | ||
| V. Judicial Review since September 2000 | 402 | ||
| D. Interpreting Geneva Convention IV: Anatomy of the‘Assigned Residence’ Cases | 403 | ||
| I. The Political Background | 403 | ||
| II. The Legal Dimension | 404 | ||
| III. The Court Petition | 405 | ||
| IV. The Court’s Decision | 406 | ||
| E. House Demolitions | 412 | ||
| I. Background | 412 | ||
| II. Punitive Demolitions: Background | 412 | ||
| III. House Demolitions since September 2000: Squaring the Circle | 415 | ||
| IV. Operational Demolitions | 420 | ||
| F. Conduct of Hostilities | 423 | ||
| I. From Occupation to Active Armed Conflict? | 423 | ||
| II. Hostilities and Judicial Review | 425 | ||
| III. Judging Hostilities | 427 | ||
| G. Detention during Hostilities | 435 | ||
| H. The Separation Barrier | 441 | ||
| J. Conclusions | 452 | ||
| Robin Geiss: Failed States – Legal Aspects and Security Implications | 457 | ||
| A. Introduction | 457 | ||
| B. The Definition of Failed States – A Closer Look | 460 | ||
| I. Causes, Symptoms and Defining Criteria of State Failure | 460 | ||
| II. The Failed State – A Sovereign State | 465 | ||
| C. Implications for International Stability and Legal Certainty | 472 | ||
| I. The Incapacity to Act on the International Level | 472 | ||
| II. The Inability to Fulfil Legal Obligations vis-a-vis Third States and the International Community as a Whole | 477 | ||
| III. The Absence of State Responsibility | 480 | ||
| IV. Insufficient Legal Protection of Civilians in a Failed State | 485 | ||
| 1. Human Rights Protection in the Absence of Governmental Authority | 485 | ||
| 2. The Applicability of Humanitarian Law | 490 | ||
| D. The Failed State as a Threat to the Peace | 494 | ||
| E. Conclusion | 500 | ||
| Nicki Boldt: Outsourcing War – Private Military Companies and International Humanitarian Law | 502 | ||
| A. Introduction | 502 | ||
| B. Possible Fields of Engagement for PMCs | 505 | ||
| I. Support of Military Activities | 506 | ||
| II. Advice, Training and Planning | 509 | ||
| III. Security Services | 510 | ||
| IV. Active Participation in Offensive Combat Operations | 511 | ||
| C. The Status of PMC Employees under IHL | 512 | ||
| I. Civilians or Combatants | 512 | ||
| 1. Direct Membership of a Contractor in the Armed Forces of a State | 514 | ||
| 2. Membership of a Contractor in a PMC Connected to the State | 516 | ||
| a) Armed Group or Unit | 516 | ||
| aa) Attack | 517 | ||
| bb) Direct Participation in Hostilities | 519 | ||
| b) Connection to a Party of an Armed Conflict | 523 | ||
| c) Under a Command Responsible to that State for the Conduct of its Subordinates | 526 | ||
| d) Compliance with the Rules of IHL | 529 | ||
| 3. Personal Conditions | 529 | ||
| a) Membership in the PMC | 530 | ||
| b) Distinctive Sign | 530 | ||
| c) Carrying Arms Openly | 532 | ||
| II. Mercenaries? | 532 | ||
| III. Conclusion on the Status of Contractors | 535 | ||
| D. Enforcement of IHL | 536 | ||
| I. Enforcement through State Mechanisms | 536 | ||
| 1. The Duties and Options of All States towards Breach of IHL | 536 | ||
| 2. State Employing the PMC | 538 | ||
| 3. State Where the Breach Occurred | 540 | ||
| 4. State Used as Operational Base by the PMC | 541 | ||
| 5. State of Registration for the PMC | 542 | ||
| 6. State of Nationality of the PMC’s Employees | 543 | ||
| II. Enforcement through International Mechanisms | 543 | ||
| III. Conclusion on the Enforcement of IHL Against PMCs | 543 | ||
| E. General Conclusion | 544 | ||
| Angelika Siehr: Derogation Measures under Article 4 ICCPR, with Special Consideration of the ‘War Against International Terrorism’ | 545 | ||
| A. Introduction | 545 | ||
| B. Article 4 ICCPR in the Light of State Practice | 547 | ||
| I. General | 547 | ||
| II. Legal Requirements for Derogations under Article 4 ICCPR | 548 | ||
| 1. Existence of a Public Emergency Threatening the Life of the Nation (Article 4 Para. 1 ICCPR) | 549 | ||
| 2. Official Proclamation of a State of Emergency (Article 4 Para. 1 ICCPR) | 553 | ||
| 3. Duty of Notification (Article 4 Para. 3 ICCPR) | 554 | ||
| III. Limits to Derogation Measures in Accordance with Article 4 ICCPR | 557 | ||
| 1. Non-Derogable Rights (Article 4 Para. 2 ICCPR) | 557 | ||
| a) The Catalogue of Non-Derogable Rights of Article 4 Para. 2 ICCPR | 557 | ||
| b) The Permissibility of Reservations to Article 4 Para. 2 ICCPR | 558 | ||
| c) Non-Derogable Rights and Peremptory Norms of International Law | 562 | ||
| 2. Proportionality (Article 4 Para. 1 ICCPR) | 564 | ||
| 3. Compatibility with Other Obligations under International Law (Article 4 Para. 1 ICCPR) | 566 | ||
| 4. Prohibition of Discriminatory Measures (Article 4 Para. 1 ICCPR) | 567 | ||
| C. The ‘War against International Terrorism’ under Article 4 ICCPR | 568 | ||
| I. Legal Responses of the United Kingdom and of the United States of America | 569 | ||
| II. Evaluation of Facts in the Light of Article 4 ICCPR | 574 | ||
| 1. The Concept of ‘War Against International Terrorism’ | 574 | ||
| 2. Terrorism and Emergency Situations under Article 4 ICCPR | 579 | ||
| a) The Concept of ‘Terrorism’ | 579 | ||
| b) ‘Public Emergency’ under Article 4 ICCPR | 581 | ||
| c) The Terrorist Attacks of 11 September 2001 under Article 4 Para. 1 ICCPR | 583 | ||
| 3. International Terrorism and the Specific Regime of Safeguards under Article 4 ICCPR | 590 | ||
| D. Outlook | 592 | ||
| Anja Klug: Harmonization of Asylum in the European Union – Emergence of an EU Refugee System? | 594 | ||
| A. Introduction | 594 | ||
| B. Content of the Qualification Directive | 598 | ||
| C. Definition of the Term Refugee | 599 | ||
| I. Well-Founded Fear of Persecution | 601 | ||
| II. Agents of Persecution | 604 | ||
| III. Lack of National Protection | 606 | ||
| 1. National Protection | 606 | ||
| 2. Internal Flight or Relocation Alternative | 607 | ||
| IV. Membership of a Particular Social Group as One of Five Reasons for Persecution | 609 | ||
| V. Sur Place Claims (Article 5) | 611 | ||
| VI. Cessation, Exclusion and Revocation (Ending or Refusal of Recognition) | 613 | ||
| VII. Complementary Protection | 616 | ||
| D. Content of Refugee Protection | 619 | ||
| I. General | 619 | ||
| II. Protection from Refoulement | 620 | ||
| III. Maintaining Family Unity | 622 | ||
| IV. Residence Permit, Freedom of Movement and Travel Documents | 623 | ||
| V. Access to Employment and Education | 624 | ||
| VI. Social Welfare, Health Care and Housing | 624 | ||
| VII. Integration and Naturalization | 625 | ||
| VIII. Vulnerable Groups | 625 | ||
| E. Conclusions | 626 | ||
| Birte Siemen: The EU-US Agreement on Passenger Name Records and EC-Law: Data Protection, Competences and Human Rights Issues in International Agreements of the Community | 629 | ||
| A. Background: US Measures on theTransfer of Passenger Data | 630 | ||
| B. Reaction within the European Union | 631 | ||
| I. EU-Standards on the Transfer of Personal Data to Third Countries | 632 | ||
| 1. The Principles of Article 25 of the Data Protection Directive | 632 | ||
| 2. Derogations under Article 26 of the Data Protection Directive | 633 | ||
| II. Uncertainties Regarding the Level of Data Protection in the US | 633 | ||
| III. Violation of the Data Protection Directive | 635 | ||
| 1. Adequate Level of Protection within the Meaning of Article 25 Para. 1 of the Data Protection Directive | 635 | ||
| 2. Fundamental Principles of the Data Protection Directive | 637 | ||
| 3. Opinions of the Article 29 Working Party | 637 | ||
| 4. Negotiations under Article 26 Para. 2 of the Data Protection Directive | 640 | ||
| 5. The Legislative Procedure – The Refusal of the European Parliament | 645 | ||
| IV. The Lawfulness of the Measures – The Action of Annulment | 649 | ||
| 1. Article 95 EC as the Legal Basis for the Council Decision | 650 | ||
| 2. Infringement of Fundamental Rights | 654 | ||
| a) Scope of Protection of Article 8 Para. 1 ECHR | 657 | ||
| b) Justification under Article 8 Para. 2 ECHR | 660 | ||
| C. Conclusion | 664 | ||
| Ronald Steiling and Alexander Schultz: Changes and Challenges to the EU Judicial System after the Constitutional Treaty – An Overview | 666 | ||
| A. Introduction | 666 | ||
| B. The Workload Dilemma | 667 | ||
| C. Effective Judicial Protection of the Individual | 674 | ||
| D. ECJ and ECtHR | 683 | ||
| E. Extension of Competencies – Jurisdiction over Third Pillar Measures? | 688 | ||
| F. Conclusion | 690 | ||
| Tilmann Laubner: Relieving the Court of Its Success? – Protocol No. 14 to the European Convention on Human Rights | 691 | ||
| A. Introduction | 691 | ||
| I. Background | 691 | ||
| II. Main Challenges to the Court | 693 | ||
| III. Process Leading to the Adoption of Protocol No. 14 | 694 | ||
| B. Amendments to the Convention | 696 | ||
| I. Filtering of Applications | 697 | ||
| 1. Single-Judge Formation | 698 | ||
| 2. ‘Rapporteurs’ | 699 | ||
| II. Subsequent Processing of Applications | 701 | ||
| 1. The Exception Becomes the Rule: Joint Decisions on the Admissibility and Merits of Individual Applications | 701 | ||
| 2. Simplified Procedure for “Manifestly Well-Founded Applications” | 702 | ||
| 3. Friendly Settlements | 704 | ||
| III. Introduction of a New Admissibility Criterion | 705 | ||
| IV. Supervision of Execution of Judgments | 711 | ||
| 1. Interpretation Proceedings | 712 | ||
| 2. Infringement Proceedings | 713 | ||
| V. Miscellaneous Provisions | 716 | ||
| 1. Judges: Terms of Office and Selection of Judges Ad Hoc | 716 | ||
| 2. Council of Europe Commissioner for Human Rights | 717 | ||
| 3. Accession of the European Union to the Convention | 718 | ||
| C. Concluding Observations | 719 | ||
| REPORTS | 722 | ||
| René Groß und Sue Stubbe: Die Rechtsprechung des Internationalen Gerichtshofes im Jahre 2004 | 722 | ||
| A. Einleitung und Überblick über die anhängigen Verfahren | 722 | ||
| B. Die im Jahr 2004 anhängigen Verfahren im Überblick | 723 | ||
| C. Fall betreffend Avena und andere mexikanische Staatsangehörige (Mexiko gegen Vereinigte Staaten von Amerika) | 725 | ||
| I. Hintergrund des Falles und Anträge der Parteien | 726 | ||
| II. Rechtliche Erwägungen des Gerichtshofes | 727 | ||
| 1. Zuständigkeit und Zulässigkeit | 727 | ||
| 2. Verletzung von Artikel 36 Abs. 1 WKK | 728 | ||
| 3. Verletzung von Artikel 36 Abs. 2 WKK | 730 | ||
| 4. Rechtsfolgen der Verletzungen | 731 | ||
| III. Entscheidungsformel | 732 | ||
| IV. Erklärungen und Sondervoten | 734 | ||
| 1. Erklärung von Präsident Shi | 734 | ||
| 2. Erklärung von Vize-Präsident Ranjeva | 734 | ||
| 3. Sondervotum von Richter Vereshetchetin | 734 | ||
| 4. Sondervotum von Richter Parra Aranguren | 735 | ||
| 5. Sondervotum von Richter Tomka | 735 | ||
| 6. Sondervotum von Ad-hoc-Richter Sepúlveda | 736 | ||
| D. Gutachtenverfahren betreffend die Rechtsfolgen des Mauerbaues in den besetzten palästinensischen Gebieten | 737 | ||
| I. Hintergründe und Zusammenhänge des Falles und des Antrags | 737 | ||
| II. Rechtliche Erwägungen des Gerichthofes | 738 | ||
| 1. Zulässigkeit des Gutachtens | 738 | ||
| 2. Ermessen des Gerichtshofes, die Abgabe des Gutachtens abzulehnen | 739 | ||
| 3. Hauptsache | 739 | ||
| a) Anwendbares Recht | 740 | ||
| b) Verletzung dieser Normen durch den Mauerbau | 740 | ||
| c) Rechtsfolgen der Verletzungen | 742 | ||
| aa) Rechtsfolgen für Israel | 742 | ||
| bb) Rechtsfolgen für andere Staaten | 743 | ||
| III. Entscheidungsformel | 744 | ||
| IV. Erklärung und Sondervoten | 745 | ||
| 1. Erklärung von Richter Buergenthal | 745 | ||
| 2. Sondervotum von Richter Koroma | 745 | ||
| 3. Sondervotum von Richterin Higgins | 746 | ||
| 4. Sondervotum von Richter Kooijmans | 746 | ||
| 5. Sondervotum von Richter Al-Khasawneh | 747 | ||
| 6. Sondervotum von Richter Elaraby | 747 | ||
| 7. Sondervotum von Richter Owada | 748 | ||
| E. Fall betreffend die Rechtmäßigkeit der Anwendung bewaffneter Gewalt (Serbien und Montenegro gegen Belgien, Kanada, Frankreich, Deutschland, Italien, Niederlande, Portugal und das Vereinigte Königreich) – Vorgängige prozessuale Einreden | 748 | ||
| I. Hintergrund des Falles und Anträge der Parteien | 749 | ||
| II. Rechtliche Erwägungen des Gerichtshofes | 750 | ||
| 1. Zurückweisung der Fälle in limine litis | 750 | ||
| 2. Serbien und Montenegros Zugang zum Gericht gemäß Artikel 35 Abs. 1 IGH-Statut | 751 | ||
| 3. Serbien und Montenegros möglicher Zugang zum Gericht auf Grundlage von Artikel 35 Abs. 2 IGH-Statut | 753 | ||
| 4. Zuständigkeit auf Grundlage des Artikel 4 der Schlichtungsübereinkommen | 755 | ||
| 5. Nichtnotwendigkeit der Erwägung der anderen vorgängigen Einreden | 756 | ||
| III. Entscheidungsformel | 756 | ||
| IV. Erklärungen und Sondervoten | 757 | ||
| 1. Gemeinsame Erklärung von Vize-Präsident Ranjeva, Richtern Guillaume, Higgins, Kooijmans, Al-Khasawneh, Buergenthal and Elaraby | 757 | ||
| 2. Erklärung von Richter Koroma | 757 | ||
| 3. Sondervotum von Richterin Higgins | 758 | ||
| 4. Sondervotum von Richter Kooijmans | 758 | ||
| 5. Sondervotum von Richter Elaraby | 758 | ||
| 6. Sondervotum von Ad-hoc-Richter Kreća | 759 | ||
| Till Müller: Die Rechtsprechung des Europäischen Gerichtshofes für Menschenrechte im Jahre 2004 | 760 | ||
| A. Einleitung | 760 | ||
| B. Zulässigkeit | 762 | ||
| I. Jurisdiktion eines Vertragsstaates | 762 | ||
| II. Zulässigkeitsvoraussetzungen aus Artikel 34 | 763 | ||
| III. Zulässigkeit nach Artikel 35 | 764 | ||
| C. Materielle Rechte | 764 | ||
| I. Das Recht auf Leben, Artikel 2 | 764 | ||
| II. Das Verbot von Folter und unmenschlicher Behandlung, Artikel 3 | 767 | ||
| III. Das Recht auf Freiheit und Sicherheit, Artikel 5 | 770 | ||
| 1. Rechtmäßigkeit der Haft – Artikel 5 Abs. 1 | 770 | ||
| 2. Pflicht zur unverzüglichen Vorführung – Artikel 5 Abs. 3 Satz 1 | 771 | ||
| 3. Angemessene Dauer der Untersuchungshaft – Artikel 5 Abs. 3 Satz 2 | 772 | ||
| 4. Das Recht auf Haftprüfung – Artikel 5 Abs. 4 | 773 | ||
| 5. Das Recht auf angemessene Entschädigung – Artikel 5 Abs. 5 | 773 | ||
| IV. Verfahrensgarantien, Artikel 6 | 774 | ||
| 1. Anwendbarkeit des Artikel 6 | 774 | ||
| 2. Verfahrensgarantien des Artikel 6 Abs. 1 | 775 | ||
| a) Anforderungen an das nationale Gericht – Artikel 6 Abs. 1 | 775 | ||
| aa) Das Recht auf Zugang zu einem Gericht | 775 | ||
| bb) Das Recht auf Unabhängigkeit und Unbefangenheit der Gerichte | 776 | ||
| cc) Das Recht auf öffentliche Anhörung | 777 | ||
| dd) Das Recht auf Entscheidung in angemessener Frist | 777 | ||
| b) Grundsätze des fairen Verfahrens – Artikel 6 Abs. 1 | 778 | ||
| 3. Die Unschuldsvermutung – Artikel 6 Abs. 2 | 780 | ||
| 4. Die Verfahrensgarantien für den Beschuldigten – Artikel 6 Abs. 3 | 780 | ||
| a) Unterrichtung über die Beschuldigung – Artikel 6 Abs. 3 lit. a | 780 | ||
| b) Anwaltliche Vertretung – Artikel 6 Abs. 3 lit. c | 781 | ||
| c) Befragung und Ladung von Zeugen – Artikel 6 Abs. 3 lit. d | 781 | ||
| V. Nullum Crimen, Nulla Poena Sine Lege, Artikel 7 | 782 | ||
| VI. Die Freiheitsrechte | 782 | ||
| 1. Schutzbereich | 782 | ||
| a) Recht auf Achtung des Privat- und Familienlebens, Artikel 8 | 782 | ||
| b) Gedanken-, Gewissens- und Religionsfreiheit, Artikel 9 | 784 | ||
| c) Das Recht auf freie Meinungsäußerung, Artikel 10 | 785 | ||
| d) Das Recht auf Versammlungs- und Vereinigungsfreiheit, Artikel 11 | 786 | ||
| 2. Rechtfertigung | 786 | ||
| a) Gesetzlich vorgesehen | 787 | ||
| b) Legitimes Ziel | 788 | ||
| c) Notwendigkeit des Eingriffs in einer demokratischen Gesellschaft | 788 | ||
| VII. Rechte aus den Zusatzprotokollen | 790 | ||
| 1. Recht auf Schutz des Eigentums, Artikel 1 des 1. Zusatzprotokolls | 790 | ||
| a) Der Begriff des Eigentums | 790 | ||
| b) Eingriff und Rechtfertigung | 791 | ||
| 2. Das Recht auf Bildung, Artikel 2 des 1. Zusatzprotokolls | 793 | ||
| 3. Das Recht auf freie Wahlen, Artikel 3 des 1. Zusatzprotokolls | 794 | ||
| 4. Das Recht wegen derselben Strafsache nicht zweimal vor Gericht gestellt oder bestraft zu werden, Artikel 4 des 7. Zusatzprotokolls | 795 | ||
| VIII. Das Recht auf wirksame Beschwerde, Artikel 13 | 795 | ||
| IX. Das Diskriminierungsverbot, Artikel 14 | 796 | ||
| X. Die wirksame Ausübung von Rechten, Artikel 34 Satz 2 | 798 | ||
| D. Gerechte Entschädigung | 799 | ||
| E. Rechtsgutachten nach Artikel 47 | 800 | ||
| F. Ausblick | 801 | ||
| Heiko Leitsch: Die Rechtsprechung des Internationalen Strafgerichtshofes für das ehemalige Jugoslawien im Jahre 2004 | 802 | ||
| A. Einleitung | 802 | ||
| B. Änderungen der Beweisregeln und der Verfahrensordnung sowie der Zusammensetzung des Tribunals | 803 | ||
| I. Änderung der Beweisregeln und der Verfahrensordnung | 803 | ||
| II. Personelles | 804 | ||
| C. Verfahren vor dem Tribunal | 805 | ||
| I. Vorverfahren | 805 | ||
| 1. Die Erhebung neuer Anklagen | 805 | ||
| a) Verfahren gegen Ivan Čermak und Mladen Markač | 805 | ||
| b) Verfahren gegen Rahim Ademi und Mirko Norac | 805 | ||
| c) Verfahren gegen Prlić et al. | 806 | ||
| d) Weitere Anklagen | 807 | ||
| 2. Verfahren gegen Ljubisa Beara | 807 | ||
| 3. Verfahren gegen Fatimir Limaj, Haradin Bala und Isak Musliu | 808 | ||
| 4. Verfahren gegen Dragomir Milošević | 809 | ||
| 5. Weitere Verfahren im Vorverfahren | 809 | ||
| II. Urteile und Verfahren der ersten Instanz | 810 | ||
| 1. Verfahren | 810 | ||
| a) Verfahren gegen Slobodan Milošević | 810 | ||
| b) Verfahren gegen Momčilo Krajišnik | 812 | ||
| c) Verfahren gegen Naser Orić | 812 | ||
| 2. Urteile | 813 | ||
| a) Urteil im Verfahren gegen Radoslav Brdjanin | 813 | ||
| aa) Beweiswürdigung | 813 | ||
| bb) Strafrechtliche Verantwortlichkeit gemäß Artikel 7 des Statuts | 815 | ||
| cc) Strafzumessung | 815 | ||
| dd) Ermittlungen gegen Milka Maglov | 816 | ||
| b) Strafzumessungsurteil im Verfahren gegen Miodrag Jokić | 816 | ||
| c) Strafzumessungsurteil im Verfahren gegen Miroslav Deronjić | 817 | ||
| d) Strafzumessungsurteil im Verfahren gegen Darko Mrdja | 817 | ||
| e) Strafzumessungsurteil im Verfahren gegen Milan Babić | 818 | ||
| III. Verfahren und Urteile vor der Berufungsinstanz | 819 | ||
| 1. Berufungsurteil im Verfahren gegen Mitar Vasiljević | 819 | ||
| a) Berufungsverfahren unter Artikel 25 des Statuts | 819 | ||
| b) Chapeaux der Artikel 3 und 5 des Statuts | 820 | ||
| c) Beweiswürdigung | 821 | ||
| d) Individuelle Verantwortlichkeit, Artikel 7 (1) des Statuts | 821 | ||
| e) Strafzumessung | 822 | ||
| 2. Berufungsurteil im Verfahren gegen Radislav Krstić | 822 | ||
| a) Völkermord | 823 | ||
| b) Strafrechtliche Verantwortlichkeit | 824 | ||
| c) Verletzung der Verfahrens- und Beweisregel 68 | 825 | ||
| d) Kumulative Verurteilung | 826 | ||
| e) Strafzumessung | 826 | ||
| 3. Berufungsurteil im Verfahren gegen Tihomir Blaskić | 826 | ||
| a) Behauptete rechtliche Fehler in Bezug auf Artikel 7 des Statuts | 827 | ||
| aa) Artikel 7 (1) des Statuts | 827 | ||
| bb) Artikel 7 (3) des Statuts | 828 | ||
| b) Artikel 5 des Statuts | 829 | ||
| c) Verletzung von Verfahrensrechten | 829 | ||
| d) Beweiswürdigung | 830 | ||
| e) Strafzumessung | 830 | ||
| 4. Berufungsurteil im Verfahren gegen Dario Kordić und Mario Čerkez | 831 | ||
| a) Faires Verfahren gemäß Artikel 21 des Statuts | 831 | ||
| b) Behauptetes Vorliegen eines nicht internationalen Konflikts | 831 | ||
| c) Dario Kordić vorgeworfene Verbrechen | 832 | ||
| d) Berufung von Mario Čerkez | 832 | ||
| e) Berufung der Anklage | 832 | ||
| f) Strafzumessung | 833 | ||
| Frank Bayer und Henning Jessen: Die Rechtsprechung des WTO-Streitbeilegungsgremiums im Jahre 2004 | 834 | ||
| A. Einführung | 834 | ||
| B. Die WTO-Rechtsprechung zu den einzelnen Handelsübereinkünften | 836 | ||
| I. Multilaterale Übereinkünfte im Bereich des Warenhandels | 836 | ||
| 1. Allgemeines Zoll- und Handelsübereinkommen (GATT 1994) | 836 | ||
| a) European Communities – Conditions for the Granting of Tariff Preferences to Developing Countries | 837 | ||
| b) Canada – Measures Relating to Exports of Wheat and Treatment of Imported Grain | 842 | ||
| c) Dominican Republic – Measures Affecting the Importation and Internal Sale of Cigarettes | 844 | ||
| 2. Landwirtschaftsübereinkommen/Subventions- und Ausgleichsmaßnahmenübereinkommen | 847 | ||
| a) United States – Final Countervailing Duty Determination with Respect to Certain Softwood Lumber from Canada | 848 | ||
| b) United States – Subsidies on Upland Cotton | 850 | ||
| c) European Communities – Export Subsidies on Sugar | 853 | ||
| 3. Übereinkommen zur Durchführung des Artikel VI des GATT 1994 | 857 | ||
| a) United States – Investigation of the International Trade Commission in Softwood Lumber from Canada | 857 | ||
| b) United States – Final Dumping Determination on Softwood Lumber from Canada | 860 | ||
| c) United States – Sunset Reviews of Anti-Dumping Measures on Oil Country Tubular from Argentina | 864 | ||
| II. Allgemeines Übereinkommen über den Handel mit Dienstleistungen (GATS) | 867 | ||
| 1. Mexico – Measures Affecting Telecommunications Services | 868 | ||
| 2. United States – Measures Affecting the Cross-Border Supply of Gambling and Betting Services | 872 | ||
| C. Ausblick | 876 | ||
| Richard Happ and Noah Rubins: Awards and Decisions of ICSID Tribunals in 2004 | 878 | ||
| A. Introduction | 878 | ||
| B. Azurix Corp. v. The Argentine Republic (Case No. ARB/01/12) | 879 | ||
| I. The Dispute | 879 | ||
| II. The Decision | 880 | ||
| C. Enron Corporation and Ponderosa Assets, L.P. v. The Argentine Republic (Case No. ARB/01/3) | 883 | ||
| I. The Dispute | 883 | ||
| II. The Decision | 883 | ||
| D. SGS Société Générale de Surveillance S.A. v. Republic of the Philippines (Case No. ARB/02/06) | 885 | ||
| I. The Dispute | 886 | ||
| II. The Decision | 887 | ||
| E. CDC Group plc. v. Republic of the Seychelles (Case No. ARB/02/14) | 891 | ||
| I. The Dispute | 891 | ||
| II. The Decision | 891 | ||
| F. Tokios Tokeles v. Ukraine (Case No. ARB/02/18) | 892 | ||
| I. The Dispute | 892 | ||
| II. The Decision | 892 | ||
| III. Dissenting Opinion | 894 | ||
| G. LG&E Energy Corp. and Others v. Argentine Republic (Case No. ARB/02/1) | 895 | ||
| I. The Dispute | 895 | ||
| II. The Decision | 896 | ||
| H. Waste Management v. United Mexican States (Case No. ARB(AF)/00/3) | 897 | ||
| I. The Dispute | 897 | ||
| II. The Decision | 898 | ||
| 1. Jurisdiction | 898 | ||
| 2. Merits | 898 | ||
| a) Fair and Equitable Treatment | 899 | ||
| b) Expropriation | 900 | ||
| J. MTD Equity Sdn. Bhd. and MTD Chile SA v. Republic of Chile (Case No. ARB/01/7) | 901 | ||
| I. The Dispute | 901 | ||
| II. The Decision | 902 | ||
| K. Hussein Nuaman Soufraki v. United Arab Emirates (Case No. ARB/02/7) | 904 | ||
| I. The Dispute | 904 | ||
| II. The Decision | 904 | ||
| L. PSEG Global Inc., The North American Coal Corporation, and Konya Ilgin Elektrik Üretim ve Ticaret Limited Sirketi v. Republic of Turkey (Case No. ARB/02/5) | 905 | ||
| I. The Dispute | 906 | ||
| II. The Decision | 906 | ||
| M. Siemens A.G. v. The Argentine Republic (Case No. ARB/02/8) | 910 | ||
| I. The Dispute | 910 | ||
| II. The Decision | 910 | ||
| N. Joy Mining Machinery Ltd. v. Arab Republic of Egypt (Case No. ARB/03/11) | 913 | ||
| I. The Dispute | 913 | ||
| II. The Decision | 914 | ||
| O. Salini Construttori S.p.A. and Italstrade S.p.A. v. Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (Case No. ARB /02/13) | 917 | ||
| I. The Dispute | 917 | ||
| II. The Decision | 918 | ||
| P. Concluding Remarks | 920 | ||
| Sara Jötten: Die Tätigkeit der International Law Commission im Jahre 2004 | 922 | ||
| A. Einleitung | 922 | ||
| B. Diplomatischer Schutz | 922 | ||
| I. Behandlung des fünften Berichts von Christopher John R. Dugard | 923 | ||
| II. Die in erster Lesung angenommenen Artikel 1 bis 19 | 925 | ||
| 1. Erster und zweiter Teil: Allgemeine Vorschriften und Nationalität | 926 | ||
| 2. Dritter und vierter Teil: Innerstaatliche Rechtsbehelfe und Verschiedenes | 927 | ||
| III. Weiteres Vorgehen | 928 | ||
| C. Verantwortlichkeit internationaler Organisationen | 929 | ||
| I. Von der Kommission angenommene Artikelentwürfe 4 bis 7 | 929 | ||
| 1. Artikel 4: Allgemeine Regel für die Zurechnung von Handeln zu einer internationalen Organisation | 930 | ||
| 2. Artikel 5: Handeln eines einer internationalen Organisation von einem Staat oder einer anderen internationalen Organisation zur Verfügung gestellten Organs oder Angehörigen | 930 | ||
| 3. Artikel 6: Überschreitung der Befugnisse oder Zuwiderhandlung gegen Anweisungen | 931 | ||
| 4. Artikel 7: Von einer internationalen Organisation als eigenes anerkanntes und angenommenes (acknowledged and adopted) Handeln | 931 | ||
| II. Ausblick | 932 | ||
| D. Anteilige natürliche Ressourcen | 932 | ||
| I. Vorschlag eines Regelwerks, Artikel 1 bis 7 | 933 | ||
| II. Weiteres Vorgehen | 935 | ||
| E. Völkerrechtliche Haftung für Schäden aufgrund nicht völkerrechtswidriger Aktivitäten (Völkerrechtliche Haftung für grenzüberschreitende Schäden aufgrund risikoreicher Handlungen) | 935 | ||
| I. Der zweite Bericht von Pemmaraju Sreenivasa Rao und der Bericht der Arbeitsgruppe | 936 | ||
| II. In erster Lesung angenommene Prinzipienentwürfe 1 bis 8 sowie deren Kommentierungen und Präambelentwurf | 937 | ||
| 1. Prinzip: Anwendungsbereich | 938 | ||
| 2. Prinzip: Begriffsbestimmungen | 938 | ||
| 3. Prinzip: Zielbestimmung | 939 | ||
| 4. Prinzip: Rasche und angemessene Entschädigung | 939 | ||
| 5. Prinzip: Reaktionsmaßnahmen (response measures) | 940 | ||
| 6. Prinzip: Internationale und innerstaatliche Rechtsbehelfe | 940 | ||
| 7. Prinzip: Entwicklung spezieller internationaler Regime | 941 | ||
| F. Einseitige Hoheitsakte | 941 | ||
| I. Siebter Bericht von Victor Rodríguez Cedeño | 942 | ||
| II. Diskussion in der Kommission | 943 | ||
| III. Schlussbemerkungen des Sonderberichterstatters und Wiedereinsetzung der Arbeitsgruppe | 944 | ||
| G. Vertragsvorbehalte | 945 | ||
| I. In erster Lesung angenommene Richtlinienentwürfe zur Reichweite von Vertragsvorbehalten sowie zur Modifikation und Rücknahme interpretierender Erklärungen | 945 | ||
| II. Behandlung des neunten Berichts zu Einsprüchen gegen Vertragsvorbehalte | 946 | ||
| H. Fragmentierung des Völkerrechts: Schwierigkeiten, die sich aus der Diversifizierung und der Ausdehnung des Völkerrechts ergeben | 947 | ||
| I. Vorläufiger Bericht zur Funktion und zum Umfang der lex specialis-Regel | 948 | ||
| II. Vorläufiger Bericht zur Frage der self-contained regimes | 950 | ||
| III. Anwendung aufeinanderfolgender Verträge über denselben Gegenstand (Artikel 30 WVK) | 951 | ||
| IV. Modifikation mehrseitiger Verträge zwischen einzelnen Vertragsparteien (Artikel 41 WVK) | 952 | ||
| V. Vertragsauslegung im Lichte der ‚in den Beziehungen zwischen den Vertragsparteien anwendbaren einschlägigen Völkerrechtssätze‘ (Artikel 31 Absatz 3 lit. c WVK) | 953 | ||
| VI. Hierarchien im Völkerrecht: jus cogens, erga omnes-Verpflichtungen und Artikel 103 der Charta der Vereinten Nationen als Kollisionsregeln | 954 | ||
| J. Ausblick | 955 | ||
| BOOK REVIEWS | 956 | ||
| Klaus Beckmann/Jürgen Dieringer/Ulrich Hufeld (Hrsg.): Eine Verfassung für Europa (Joachim Schwind) | 956 | ||
| Eileen Denza: The Intergovernmental Pillars of the European Union (Hanna Goeters) | 959 | ||
| Yoram Dinstein: The Conduct of Hostilities under the Law of International Armed Conflict (Nicki Boldt) | 962 | ||
| Oliver Dörr: Kompendium völkerrechtlicher Rechtsprechung (Vanessa Klingberg) | 965 | ||
| Emeka A. Duruigbo: Multinational Corporations and International Law. Accountability and Compliance Issues in the Petroleum Industry (Karsten Nowrot) | 967 | ||
| Eilís Ferran: Building an EU Securities Market (Hanna Goeters) | 968 | ||
| Jasper Finke: Die Parallelität internationaler Streitbeilegungsmechanismen – Untersuchung der aus der Stärkung der internationalen Gerichtsbarkeit resultierenden Konflikte (Karin Oellers-Frahm) | 972 | ||
| Malgosia Fitzmaurice/Dan Sarooshi (eds.): Issues of State Responsibility before International Judicial Institutions (Christian J. Tams) | 976 | ||
| Walter Frenz: Handbuch Europarecht. Band I: Europäische Grundfreiheiten (Joachim Schwind) | 979 | ||
| Christof Heyns (ed.): Human Rights Law in Africa (Alexander Behnsen) | 984 | ||
| Silke von Lewinski (ed.): Indigenous Heritage and Intellectual Property. Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge and Folklore (Jana Schlinkert) | 986 | ||
| Manfred Nowak: Introduction to the International Human Rights Regime (Christian J. Tams) | 988 | ||
| Theodor Schilling: Internationaler Menschenrechtsschutz: universelles und europäisches Recht (Christian J. Tams) | 988 | ||
| René Provost: International Human Rights and Humanitarian Law (Christian J. Tams) | 991 | ||
| Constanze Schulte: Compliance with Decisions of the International Court of Justice (Andreas Zimmermann) | 993 | ||
| Albrecht Weber: Menschenrechte – Texte und Fallpraxis (Nicki Boldt) | 994 | ||
| BOOKS RECEIVED | 998 | ||
| LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS | 1002 |