Adjustments of Economics and Enterprises in a Changing World
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Matsugi, T., Oberhauser, A. (Eds.) (1993). Adjustments of Economics and Enterprises in a Changing World. Duncker & Humblot. https://doi.org/10.3790/978-3-428-47658-9
Matsugi, Takashi and Oberhauser, Alois. Adjustments of Economics and Enterprises in a Changing World. Duncker & Humblot, 1993. Book. https://doi.org/10.3790/978-3-428-47658-9
Matsugi, T, Oberhauser, A (eds.) (1993): Adjustments of Economics and Enterprises in a Changing World, Duncker & Humblot, [online] https://doi.org/10.3790/978-3-428-47658-9
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Adjustments of Economics and Enterprises in a Changing World
Editors: Matsugi, Takashi | Oberhauser, Alois
Schriften zu Regional- und Verkehrsproblemen in Industrie- und Entwicklungsländern, Vol. 56
(1993)
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Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Editors’ Foreword | 5 | ||
| Table of Contents | 7 | ||
| Theodor Dams: Unification of Germany in the Context of European Integration and Current Issues of East European Countries: A Comparative Economic System’s Perspective | 9 | ||
| "The historical German event ..." | 9 | ||
| International political unification in a changing framework of foreign policy decisions | 10 | ||
| "Miracles" and "Challenges" | 12 | ||
| The vertical change of economic systems: A new task for economic research | 13 | ||
| Economic unification: "Step by Step" versus "One Jump" realization of the German internal market | 15 | ||
| German unification: A simple process of accelerating growth... | 16 | ||
| The basic differences of economic systems | 17 | ||
| The monetary, economic and social union | 18 | ||
| Focal points for establishing the German single market | 19 | ||
| Agriculture of the Ex-GDR - adjustment under EC-conditions | 21 | ||
| An interim statement | 22 | ||
| The new dimension of European integration | 23 | ||
| The change of economic systems in Eastern European countries | 26 | ||
| Some final remarks - conclusion | 27 | ||
| References | 30 | ||
| Alois Oberhauser: Public Finance and the Transformation Process to Market Economies in the Countries of Eastern Europe | 33 | ||
| 1. The restructuring of taxes and revenues | 34 | ||
| 2. Changes in the structure of public expenditure | 37 | ||
| 3. Profits from the privatization of public wealth | 39 | ||
| 4. Capital imports from foreign countries | 41 | ||
| 5. Domestic public debt | 43 | ||
| Summary | 44 | ||
| Hans-Hermann Francke: The Franco-German Way Towards an European System of Central Banks | 45 | ||
| 1. Introduction | 45 | ||
| 2. Criteria for exchange rate systems | 46 | ||
| 2.1. Fixed versus flexible exchange rates | 46 | ||
| 2.2. A classification of exchange rate systems | 48 | ||
| 3. The performance of Franco-German interest structures in the EMS | 51 | ||
| 3.1. History and foundation | 51 | ||
| 3.2. The EMS' unexpected development | 54 | ||
| 4. Plans and problems with respect to the foundation of a European Central Bank | 56 | ||
| 4.1. The Delors-Plan and its background | 56 | ||
| 4.2. Unresolved questions | 57 | ||
| Hans-Josef Brink: Managerial Deficits and Solutions in the New Enterprises of East Germany as Consequences of Transition from a Planned Economy to a Market Economy | 59 | ||
| 1. The unilication of Germany as an economic and social challenge or the new decade | 59 | ||
| 2. Structural features of the former GDR's planned economy as a framework for new enterprises in east Germany | 60 | ||
| 3. Ownership and corporate structure of property in the new companies as a task for business administration | 61 | ||
| 4. The introduction of new management systems in the former GDR | 67 | ||
| 5. Human resource management in the new companies | 71 | ||
| 6. Conclusion | 76 | ||
| Hiroyuki Okuno: The Restructuring of Financial Institutions in Japan | 87 | ||
| Introduction | 87 | ||
| 1. Mechanisms of financial restructuring | 87 | ||
| 2. Overview of Japan's financial Institutions | 89 | ||
| 2.1. Categories of the financial institutions in Japan | 89 | ||
| 2.2. Strict regulations on the financial institutions | 89 | ||
| 2.3. Large share of a group of govemment institutions | 90 | ||
| 3. Restructuring of Japan's financial institutions | 91 | ||
| 3.1. Mechanisms of the restructuring in Japan | 91 | ||
| 3.2. Main categories of the restructuring of Japan's financial institutions | 92 | ||
| a) Direction toward universal banking | 92 | ||
| b) Specialization into regional institutions | 92 | ||
| c) Restructuring of govemmental financial institutions | 92 | ||
| 4. City banks' restructuring in the direrion of universal banking | 93 | ||
| 4.1. Segmenting securities business from banking business | 93 | ||
| 4.2. Progress of securitization and the decline of commercial banks' status | 93 | ||
| 4.3. Economies of scope and bank management | 93 | ||
| 4.4. Five fonnulas for the deregulation of business submitted by the Financial System Research Council | 93 | ||
| 4.5. View of the Securities Exchange Council | 94 | ||
| 4.6. Current responses by city banks | 94 | ||
| 5. Restructuring of the Post Office Savings system | 95 | ||
| 5.1. Present situation of govemmental institutions (March 1990) | 95 | ||
| 5.2. Reasons for the existence of public financial institutions in a free economy | 96 | ||
| 5.3. Expansion of the independent investment fund | 96 | ||
| 5.4. Govemmental regional financial institutions | 97 | ||
| 6. Assessment or financial restructuring in Japan | 97 | ||
| 6.1. View points of the assessment | 97 | ||
| 6.2. Problems resulting from the restructuring | 97 | ||
| a) Existence of risks | 97 | ||
| b) Ill-effects of oligopoly or monopoly | 98 | ||
| 7. Conclusion | 98 | ||
| References | 99 | ||
| Nobuhiro Okuno/Ritsuko Futagami: Regional Income Inequality and Allocation of Public Investment: The Japanese Experience, 1958–1986 | 101 | ||
| 1. Introduction | 101 | ||
| 2. Economic plans and development of public investment allocation | 103 | ||
| 3. Patterns of regional allocation of public investment | 105 | ||
| 4. Patterns of regional income inequality | 108 | ||
| 5. Public investment and patterns of regional income inequality | 110 | ||
| Nobuhito Takeuchi/Yuko Arayama: Interregional Difference and Public Finance | 115 | ||
| Part I: Nobuhito Takeuchi: Industrial Structures and their Fiscal Improvement | 115 | ||
| 1. lntroduction | 115 | ||
| 2. Interregional economic difference | 117 | ||
| 2.1. Net prefectural product | 117 | ||
| 2.2. Per capita prefectural income | 118 | ||
| 2.3. Distribution of population | 119 | ||
| 2.4. Structure of industry | 120 | ||
| 3. Fiscal improvement of the interregional difference | 121 | ||
| 3.1. Fiscal aid | 121 | ||
| 3.2. Govemment investment | 122 | ||
| 4. Conclusion | 123 | ||
| References | 127 | ||
| Part II: Yuko Arayama: Prefectural Structure of Employment and its Determinants | 129 | ||
| 1. lntroduction | 129 | ||
| 2. Employment structure | 131 | ||
| 2.1. Transitional pattern of employment structure | 131 | ||
| 2.2. Population and employment structure | 132 | ||
| 2.3. Interregional variation | 132 | ||
| 2.4. Fiscal transfer | 135 | ||
| 3. Determination of employment structure | 135 | ||
| 4. Results of the estimation | 138 | ||
| 5. Conclusion | 140 | ||
| References | 141 | ||
| Ralf-Bodo Schmidt: Models to Aid Decision Making under Economic Uncertainty – A Problem of Interdisciplinary Research – | 143 | ||
| A. Preliminaries | 143 | ||
| B. The structure of managerial decisions at affected by risk | 143 | ||
| I. Decisions as a subject of business administration | 143 | ||
| II. Uncertainty in the informatory basis of decisions | 144 | ||
| C. Models to aid decision rnaking | 146 | ||
| I. Employment of models for managerial decisions affected by risk | 146 | ||
| 1. Types of models and model analysis | 146 | ||
| 2. The consideration of uncertainty in decision models | 147 | ||
| II. Reduction of complexity using uncertainty theories | 149 | ||
| 1. Coverage of risks in uncertainty theories | 149 | ||
| 2. Terms of application | 151 | ||
| D. Future tasks | 153 | ||
| References | 153 | ||
| Tamiki Kishida: Technological Innovation and Organizational Restructuring | 155 | ||
| 1. Technology, organization, and innovation | 155 | ||
| 1.1. Technology and organization | 155 | ||
| 1.2. Innovation and organization | 156 | ||
| 2. Case analysis of the process of technological innovation - BOF & 3M | 157 | ||
| 2.1. Japanese steel industry and introduction of BOF | 157 | ||
| 2.2. Processes of 3M's new product development | 158 | ||
| 3. Interpretation using the garbage can model | 158 | ||
| 3.1. Introduction of BOF | 160 | ||
| a) Problems | 160 | ||
| b) Solutions | 160 | ||
| c) Participants | 160 | ||
| d) Choice opportunities | 161 | ||
| 3.2. Development of post-it | 161 | ||
| a) Problems | 161 | ||
| b) Solutions | 161 | ||
| c) Participants | 161 | ||
| d) Choice opportunities | 162 | ||
| 4. Interpretation using the evolutionary model | 162 | ||
| 4.1. Introduction of BOF | 163 | ||
| 4.2. Development of post-it | 164 | ||
| 5. Interpretation using the open & rational model | 164 | ||
| 5.1. Introduction of BOF | 166 | ||
| 5.2. Development of post-it | 166 | ||
| 6. Conclusion | 167 | ||
| Wolfgang Hilke: Information about R & D Activities in Annual Reports of German Corporations | 171 | ||
| A. Introduction | 171 | ||
| B. Structure and extent of this study | 172 | ||
| C. Findings of the study | 174 | ||
| I. Result of the published information concerning R & D activities in the status report according to § 289 of the German Commercial Code | 174 | ||
| II. Information about R & D activities elsewhere in the annual report | 175 | ||
| III. The meaning of R & D | 177 | ||
| IV. Amount of expenses for ''research and development" (R & D) | 181 | ||
| D. Outlook | 184 | ||
| References | 185 | ||
| Takeshi Yoshida: On Technological Change and Interorganizational Relationships | 187 | ||
| 1. Introduction | 187 | ||
| 2. Patterns of technological change | 187 | ||
| 2.1. The deftnition of technology and its change | 187 | ||
| 2.2. Technological paradigms and trajectories | 188 | ||
| 3. Technological paradigms and devices for their selection | 188 | ||
| 3.1. Selection of technological paradigms | 188 | ||
| 3.2. After selection of a paradigm: progress within the trajectory | 189 | ||
| 4. What are the innovative devices? | 189 | ||
| 4.1. Intra-organizational devices | 190 | ||
| a) Organization's traditions associated with technology | 190 | ||
| b) Present economical performance and forecast of future performance | 190 | ||
| 4.2. Interorganizational devices | 191 | ||
| 5. Types or linkages aod effectiveness or devices | 191 | ||
| 6. The generative means of change of coupling systems | 193 | ||
| 6.1. Means of tightening | 193 | ||
| 6.2. Means of loosening | 193 | ||
| 7. Illustrative case: the introduction of the basic oxygen furnace (BOF) | 193 | ||
| References | 194 | ||
| Franz Schober: Information and Planning Systems in Support of International Business Strategies | 195 | ||
| Summary | 195 | ||
| 1. Introduction | 195 | ||
| 2. A taxonomy of international business strategies | 196 | ||
| 2.1. Regional versus product focus | 196 | ||
| 2.2. International strategy and organization | 198 | ||
| 2.3. International strategy and style of coordination | 199 | ||
| 3. Information and communication systems | 200 | ||
| 3.1. Transaction and administration systems | 201 | ||
| 3.2. Planning and control systems | 203 | ||
| 4. A decision support system for the design of an international manufacturing strategy | 205 | ||
| 4.1. External and internal synergy potentials | 205 | ||
| 4.2. Optimization of resource allocation | 210 | ||
| 4.3. Application of the decision support system to an example | 213 | ||
| 5. Expanding the decision support system to the whole company | 214 | ||
| References | 229 | ||
| Siegfried Hauser: Models Considering Current and Chaotic Structural Changes Exemplified by the Money and Stock Market | 231 | ||
| 1. The understanding of reality and the consequences for the epistemology | 231 | ||
| 2. Causality and economic modelling | 236 | ||
| 3. A new approach to prediction models on the money and stock market | 239 | ||
| 3.1. Prediction methods on the money and stock market | 239 | ||
| 3.2. Indicators and threshold values | 241 | ||
| 3.3. Indicator fields | 241 | ||
| 3.4. The procedure of the model | 242 | ||
| 3.5. Results | 244 | ||
| Contributors | 249 |