Environmental Code
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(1998). Environmental Code. (Umweltgesetzbuch - UGB). Draft. Prepared by the Independent Expert Commission on the Environmental Code at the Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety of the Federal Republic of Germany. Duncker & Humblot. https://doi.org/10.3790/978-3-428-49227-5
. Environmental Code: (Umweltgesetzbuch - UGB). Draft. Prepared by the Independent Expert Commission on the Environmental Code at the Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety of the Federal Republic of Germany. Duncker & Humblot, 1998. Book. https://doi.org/10.3790/978-3-428-49227-5
(1998): Environmental Code: (Umweltgesetzbuch - UGB). Draft. Prepared by the Independent Expert Commission on the Environmental Code at the Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety of the Federal Republic of Germany, Duncker & Humblot, [online] https://doi.org/10.3790/978-3-428-49227-5
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Environmental Code
(Umweltgesetzbuch - UGB). Draft. Prepared by the Independent Expert Commission on the Environmental Code at the Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety of the Federal Republic of Germany
(1998)
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Abstract
This draft Environmental Code is intended to bring together, unify, harmonise, develop and update German environmental law. The codification project takes up a transnational legal trend that has already led to the passing of similar legislation in a number of countries such as the Netherlands, Switzerland and the United Kingdom or the preparation of corresponding drafts, as in France, Sweden, Poland and Hungary. The European Union is also looking into the codification of environmental law.The Commission's draft applies the principle of sustainable environmentally sound development and establishes an integrated cross-media approach in all areas of environmental legislation. One of its principal features is the unified project authorisation model (Vorhabengenehmigung) for environmental legislation, which the Federal Government intends to use as a basis for the planned implementation of the IPPC Directive in a first volume of an Environmental Code. Other aims pursued by the Commission were to strengthen the responsibility of enterprises and of society, develop incentive instruments and expand transboundary environmental protection.The draft was prepared between autumn 1992 and summer 1997. The Commission consisted of eight experts with practical experience in the field of environmental law as judges, university teaching staff, lawyers, administrative officials and an environmental officer in a large industrial company.This volume contains the English translation of the draft. It seeks to make a contribution to international and European discussions about the harmonisation and codification of environmental law. For this reason the introduction to the English version also contains observations about the German legal system and existing environmental legislation which should make it easier for the reader to understand the proposals.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Preface to the English Edition | 5 | ||
| Preface | 7 | ||
| Translator’s Note | 9 | ||
| Overview | 11 | ||
| Contents | 13 | ||
| Abbreviations | 38 | ||
| Introduction | 41 | ||
| I. Necessity for and Potential of Codification | 41 | ||
| 1. Situation in Germany | 41 | ||
| 2. Foreign and International Codification Trends | 42 | ||
| II. On the Legal Context of an Environmental Code | 46 | ||
| 1. International Law | 46 | ||
| 2. Law in the European Communities | 48 | ||
| 3. Constitutional Law | 52 | ||
| 4. Administrative Law and Administrative Courts | 56 | ||
| III. Guiding Considerations and Working Methods of the Commission | 57 | ||
| 1. Background | 57 | ||
| 2. Working Methods of the Independent Expert Commission | 58 | ||
| 3. Guiding Considerations | 58 | ||
| IV. Subject and Structure of Draft | 59 | ||
| 1. Subject of Draft | 59 | ||
| 2. Absence of a Chapter on Climate Protection | 60 | ||
| 3. Subjects Not Included | 60 | ||
| 4. Chapter Structure | 62 | ||
| V. Contents of the Individual Chapters | 63 | ||
| General Part | 63 | ||
| Chapter One: General Provisions | 63 | ||
| Chapter Two: Planning | 65 | ||
| Chapter Three: Projects | 66 | ||
| Chapter Four: Products | 68 | ||
| Chapter Five: Intervention Measures and Monitoring | 69 | ||
| Chapter Six: Environmental Protection within Companies, Environmental Liability and Other Economic Instruments | 69 | ||
| Chapter Seven: Environmental Information | 70 | ||
| Chapter Eight: Transboundary Environmental Protection | 71 | ||
| Specific Part | 72 | ||
| Chapter Nine: Nature Conservation, Landscape Maintenance and Forest Conservation | 72 | ||
| Chapter Ten: Soil Conservation | 73 | ||
| Chapter Eleven: Water Conservation | 74 | ||
| Chapter Twelve: Immission Control and Energy Supply | 75 | ||
| Chapter Thirteen: Nuclear Energy and Radiological Protection | 76 | ||
| Chapter Fourteen: Traffic Infrastructure Projects and Utility Lines | 77 | ||
| Chapter Fifteen: Genetic Engineering | 77 | ||
| Chapter Sixteen: Dangerous Substances | 78 | ||
| Chapter Seventeen: Waste | 78 | ||
| VI. Outlook for an Environmental Code | 79 | ||
| Draft | 81 | ||
| General Part | 83 | ||
| Chapter One: General Provisions | 83 | ||
| Section One: Purpose of the Code, Definitions | 83 | ||
| Art. 1 Purpose of the Code | 83 | ||
| Art. 2 Definitions | 83 | ||
| Section Two: Principles of Environmental Protection | 84 | ||
| Art. 3 Environmental Responsibility and Environmental Awareness | 84 | ||
| Art. 4 Guiding Principles for Sustainable, Environmentally Sound Development | 84 | ||
| Art. 5 Precautionary Principle | 85 | ||
| Art. 6 Polluter Pays Principle | 85 | ||
| Art. 7 Cooperation Principle | 85 | ||
| Art. 8 Protection of the Environment as a Whole | 86 | ||
| Art. 9 Balancing of Interests and Compensation | 86 | ||
| Art. 10 Ownership and Use of Environment | 86 | ||
| Section Three: Making Rules and Regulations | 86 | ||
| Subsection One: Statutory Ordinances | 86 | ||
| Art. 11 Authority to Define Limit Values and Guide Values for Environmental Quality | 86 | ||
| Art. 12 Principles for Limit Values and Guide Values | 87 | ||
| Art. 13 Principles for Requirements for Installations, Modes of Operation, Substances, Preparations and Products | 87 | ||
| Art. 14 Implementation of International or Community Legislation | 88 | ||
| Art. 15 Recipient of Power to Enact Statutory Ordinances | 88 | ||
| Art. 16 Statement of Reasons for and Publication of Drafts | 89 | ||
| Art. 17 Environmental Commission | 89 | ||
| Art. 18 Hearing and Informing the Environmental Commission | 90 | ||
| Art. 19 Right to Make Proposals | 90 | ||
| Art. 20 Public Participation | 90 | ||
| Art. 21 Participation by the Bundesrat | 90 | ||
| Art. 22 Participation by the Bundestag | 90 | ||
| Art. 23 Urgent Ordinances | 91 | ||
| Art. 24 Periodic Review | 91 | ||
| Subsection Two: Administrative Rules | 91 | ||
| Art. 25 Limit Values and Guide Values for Environmental Quality and Requirements for Installations and Modes of Operation | 91 | ||
| Art. 26 Presumption regarding Administrative Rules | 91 | ||
| Art. 27 Recipient of Power to Enact Administrative Rules | 91 | ||
| Art. 28 Participation by the Bundesrat | 92 | ||
| Art. 29 Procedure, Publication | 92 | ||
| Art. 30 Periodic Review | 92 | ||
| Subsection Three: Technical Rules | 92 | ||
| Art. 31 References to Technical Rules | 92 | ||
| Art. 32 Official Introduction of Technical Rules | 92 | ||
| Art. 33 Presumption concerning Technical Rules | 93 | ||
| Subsection Four: Targets, Voluntary Undertakings, Covenants, Bylaws | 93 | ||
| Art. 34 Targets | 93 | ||
| Art. 35 Voluntary Undertakings | 94 | ||
| Art. 36 Covenant in lieu of Legislation | 94 | ||
| Art. 37 Declaration of General Application | 95 | ||
| Art. 38 Public-Law Environmental Covenants | 95 | ||
| Art. 39 Private Environmental Covenants, Environmental Protection Cartels | 96 | ||
| Art. 40 Bylaws of Public-Law Regional Environmental Corporations | 96 | ||
| Section Four: Participation by Associations | 97 | ||
| Art. 41 Recognition of Associations | 97 | ||
| Art. 42 Participation by Associations | 98 | ||
| Section Five: Judicial Review | 98 | ||
| Art. 43 Review of Forecasts and Assessments | 98 | ||
| Art. 44 Protection of Third Parties with regard to Precautionary Limit Values | 99 | ||
| Art. 45 Cause of Action for Associations | 99 | ||
| Art. 46 Legal Action by Competitors | 99 | ||
| Art. 47 Judicial Review of Procedural Regulations under Land Legislation | 100 | ||
| Art. 48 Suspensive Effect | 100 | ||
| Art. 49 Recourse to Administrative Courts | 100 | ||
| Section Six: Environmental Obligations of Public Administration | 100 | ||
| Art. 50 Principle | 100 | ||
| Art. 51 Sourcing Duties | 100 | ||
| Art. 52 Premises of the Federal and Land Authorities | 101 | ||
| Section Seven: Organisation and Competences | 101 | ||
| Subsection One: Organisation and Competences of Public Authorities | 101 | ||
| Art. 53 General Provisions | 101 | ||
| Art. 54 Federal Environmental Agency | 102 | ||
| Art. 55 Federal Nature Conservation Agency | 103 | ||
| Art. 56 Federal Radiological Protection Agency | 103 | ||
| Art. 57 Supervisory Control and Reporting Obligations | 104 | ||
| Art. 58 Promulgations | 104 | ||
| Subsection Two: Advisory Commissions | 104 | ||
| Art. 59 Composition and Constitution Procedures | 104 | ||
| Art. 60 Working Methods | 104 | ||
| Art. 61 Relations with Competent Authorities | 104 | ||
| Art. 62 Power to Enact Ordinances | 105 | ||
| Art. 63 Council of Environmental Experts | 105 | ||
| Section Eight: Administrative Offences | 105 | ||
| Art. 64 Determination of Fines and Use of Revenue | 105 | ||
| Art. 65 Environmental Education | 106 | ||
| Art. 66 Administrative Offences | 106 | ||
| Chapter Two: Planning | 106 | ||
| Section One: General Provisions | 106 | ||
| Art. 67 Planning Principles of Environmental Law | 106 | ||
| Art. 68 Participation by Environmental Protection Authorities | 106 | ||
| Section Two: Basic Environmental Planning | 107 | ||
| Art. 69 Purpose and Subject Matter of Basic Environmental Planning | 107 | ||
| Art. 70 Preparing, Amending and Supplementing Basic Environmental Plans | 107 | ||
| Art. 71 Significance of Basic Environmental Planning for Other Plans | 107 | ||
| Art. 72 Representations in the Regional Basic Environmental Plans | 108 | ||
| Art. 73 Federal Environmental Programmes, Technical Programmes | 108 | ||
| Section Three: Environmental Impact Assessment in Plans and Programmes | 108 | ||
| Art. 74 Purpose | 108 | ||
| Art. 75 Scope | 108 | ||
| Art. 76 Scope of Investigation | 109 | ||
| Art. 77 Environmental Description | 109 | ||
| Art. 78 Public Participation | 110 | ||
| Art. 79 Administrative Decision | 110 | ||
| Chapter Three: Projects | 110 | ||
| Section One: General Provisions | 110 | ||
| Art. 80 Subject Matter | 110 | ||
| Art. 81 Projects Requiring Authorisation | 111 | ||
| Art. 82 Project Developers and Licensing Authority | 111 | ||
| Section Two: Non-discretionary Project Authorisation | 112 | ||
| Art. 83 Basic Duties | 112 | ||
| Art. 84 Prerequisites for Authorisation | 112 | ||
| Art. 85 Application Meeting and Scoping | 113 | ||
| Art. 86 Application | 113 | ||
| Art. 87 Participation Procedure | 114 | ||
| Art. 88 Inquiry | 114 | ||
| Art. 89 Reconciliation | 115 | ||
| Art. 90 Decision | 115 | ||
| Art. 91 Provisions as to Contents and Conditions and Supplementary Requirements | 116 | ||
| Art. 92 Statutory Ordinance concerning Authorisation Procedure | 117 | ||
| Art. 93 Partial Authorisation | 117 | ||
| Art. 94 Preliminary Decision | 118 | ||
| Art. 95 Early Commencement | 118 | ||
| Art. 96 Substantial Modifications | 119 | ||
| Art. 97 Duties of Notification and Information | 119 | ||
| Art. 98 Review of Authorisations and Installations | 120 | ||
| Art. 99 Legal Effects of Project Authorisation | 120 | ||
| Art. 100 Expiry of Project Authorisation | 120 | ||
| Section Three: Discretionary Project Authorisation | 121 | ||
| Art. 101 Scope | 121 | ||
| Art. 102 Prerequisites for Authorisation | 121 | ||
| Art. 103 Preparatory Work | 121 | ||
| Art. 104 Procedure | 122 | ||
| Art. 105 Decision and Legal Effects | 122 | ||
| Art. 106 Division into Sections, Partial Authorisation and Preliminary Decision | 122 | ||
| Art. 107 Validity of Specific Provisions | 123 | ||
| Art. 108 Cancellation of Project Authorisation | 123 | ||
| Section Four: Simple Project Authorisation | 123 | ||
| Art. 109 Scope | 123 | ||
| Art. 110 Prerequisites and Procedures | 124 | ||
| Section Five: Environmental Impact Assessment in the case of Prior Procedures and Other Projects | 124 | ||
| Art. 111 Environmental Impact Assessment in the case of Prior Procedures and Project-Specific Plans | 124 | ||
| Art. 112 Environmental Impact Assessment in the case of Other Projects | 125 | ||
| Section Six: Common Provisions and Administrative Offences | 126 | ||
| Art. 113 Transitional Provisions | 126 | ||
| Art. 114 Administrative Offences | 127 | ||
| Chapter Four: Products | 127 | ||
| Section One: General Provisions | 127 | ||
| Art. 115 Purpose and Scope | 127 | ||
| Art. 116 Definitions | 128 | ||
| Art. 117 Principles | 128 | ||
| Section Two: Duties of Manufacturers, Marketers and Users | 128 | ||
| Art. 118 Development and Manufacture | 128 | ||
| Art. 119 Environmental Impact Analysis | 129 | ||
| Art. 120 Marketing and Use | 129 | ||
| Art. 121 Prohibitions, Restrictions, Labelling | 129 | ||
| Art. 122 Reacceptance and Waste Management | 130 | ||
| Art. 123 Self-Monitoring | 131 | ||
| Section Three: Environment Seal | 131 | ||
| Art. 124 Environment Seal | 131 | ||
| Section Four: Administrative Offences | 131 | ||
| Art. 125 Administrative Offences | 131 | ||
| Chapter Five: Intervention Measures and Monitoring | 132 | ||
| Section One: Intervention Measures | 132 | ||
| Subsection One: Activities Requiring Authorisation | 132 | ||
| Art. 126 Subsequent Orders in the case of Activities Requiring Authorisation | 132 | ||
| Art. 127 Prohibition of Activities Requiring Authorisation | 132 | ||
| Art. 128 Withdrawal and Revocation of Authorisations | 133 | ||
| Art. 129 Emergency Measures in connection with Activities Requiring Authorisation | 133 | ||
| Subsection Two: Activities Not Requiring Authorisation | 134 | ||
| Art. 130 Orders in the case of Activities Not Requiring Authorisation | 134 | ||
| Subsection Three: Common Provisions | 134 | ||
| Art. 131 Redressing Adverse Impacts on Nature and Landscape | 134 | ||
| Art. 132 Remediation Concept | 135 | ||
| Section Two: Monitoring | 136 | ||
| Subsection One: General Provisions | 136 | ||
| Art. 133 Functions and Principles | 136 | ||
| Subsection Two: Administrative Monitoring | 136 | ||
| Art. 134 Competence and Monitoring by Third Parties | 136 | ||
| Art. 135 Admissibility of Monitoring Measures | 136 | ||
| Art. 136 Authorities’ Duty to Monitor | 136 | ||
| Art. 137 Liability to Monitoring | 137 | ||
| Art. 138 Involvement of Parties Not Liable to Monitoring | 137 | ||
| Art. 139 Entering Properties and Premises | 137 | ||
| Art. 140 Taking Samples, Surrender of Objects | 138 | ||
| Art. 141 Duty to Furnish Information | 138 | ||
| Art. 142 Restricted Duty of Assistance and Notification in relation to Tax Authorities | 138 | ||
| Subsection Three: Self-Monitoring | 139 | ||
| Art. 143 Monitoring of Installations Requiring Authorisation | 139 | ||
| Art. 144 Measures for Special Reasons | 140 | ||
| Art. 145 Safety Checks | 140 | ||
| Art. 146 Recognition of Expert Agencies | 140 | ||
| Art. 147 Duty to Inform | 140 | ||
| Subsection Four: Common Provisions | 141 | ||
| Art. 148 Cost of Monitoring | 141 | ||
| Art. 149 Service | 141 | ||
| Section Three: Administrative Offences | 141 | ||
| Art. 150 Administrative Offences | 141 | ||
| Chapter Six: Environmental Protection within Companies, Environmental Liability and Other Economic Instruments | 142 | ||
| Section One: Environmental Protection within Companies | 142 | ||
| Subsection One: General Provisions | 142 | ||
| Art. 151 Purpose | 142 | ||
| Art. 152 Definitions | 142 | ||
| Subsection Two: Company Organisation and Environmental Protection Director | 142 | ||
| Art. 153 Duty to Inform about Company Organisation | 142 | ||
| Art. 154 Environmental Protection Director | 143 | ||
| Subsection Three: Environmental Officer | 143 | ||
| Art. 155 Functions | 143 | ||
| Art. 156 Appointment of Environmental Officer | 145 | ||
| Art. 157 Appointment of several Environmental Officers | 145 | ||
| Art. 158 Dismissal of Environmental Officer | 145 | ||
| Art. 159 Duties in relation to the Environmental Officer | 146 | ||
| Art. 160 Statement of Opinion on Decisions by Obligee | 146 | ||
| Art. 161 Right of Presentation | 146 | ||
| Art. 162 Technical Independence | 146 | ||
| Art. 163 Ban on Discrimination, Protection against Dismissal | 146 | ||
| Subsection Four: Eco-Audit | 147 | ||
| Art. 164 Scope | 147 | ||
| Art. 165 Register of Sites | 147 | ||
| Art. 166 Entry in the Register of Sites | 147 | ||
| Art. 167 Deletion and Temporary Suspension of the Entry | 148 | ||
| Art. 168 Bans on Use of Statements of Participation | 148 | ||
| Art. 169 Registration Procedure and Environmental Verifiers | 148 | ||
| Subsection Five: Environmental Information within Companies | 149 | ||
| Art. 170 Disclosure of Environmental Information within Companies | 149 | ||
| Art. 171 Mailing of Environmental Statement and Environmental Report | 150 | ||
| Section Two: Environmental Liability | 150 | ||
| Subsection One: Liability for Behaviour in Breach of the Duty of Care | 150 | ||
| Art. 172 Liability for Infringements of Regulatory Requirements Regarding the Environment | 150 | ||
| Subsection Two: Strict Liability | 151 | ||
| Art. 173 Liability for the Operation of Certain Installations | 151 | ||
| Art. 174 Liability for Genetically Modified Organisms | 151 | ||
| Art. 175 Liability for Changing the Quality of Water | 151 | ||
| Subsection Three: Common Provisions | 152 | ||
| Art. 176 Presumption of Cause | 152 | ||
| Art. 177 Multiple Causes | 152 | ||
| Art. 178 Contributory Fault | 152 | ||
| Art. 179 Injured Party’s Claim to Information from Responsible Party | 152 | ||
| Art. 180 Injured Party’s Claim to Information from Authorities | 153 | ||
| Art. 181 Responsible Party’s Claim to Information | 153 | ||
| Art. 182 Scope of Duty to Compensate | 153 | ||
| Art. 183 Costs of Emergency Measures | 154 | ||
| Art. 184 Limits of Liability | 154 | ||
| Art. 185 Limitation Periods | 154 | ||
| Art. 186 Financial Cover | 154 | ||
| Art. 187 Details of Liability | 155 | ||
| Art. 188 Relationship to Other Liability Provisions | 155 | ||
| Art. 189 Transitional Provision | 155 | ||
| Section Three: Environmental Charges | 155 | ||
| Art. 190 Principles | 155 | ||
| Art. 191 Party Liable to Pay Charges | 155 | ||
| Art. 192 Level of Charges | 155 | ||
| Art. 193 Determination and Collection | 155 | ||
| Art. 194 Use of Revenue from Charges | 156 | ||
| Art. 195 Report to the Bundestag | 156 | ||
| Section Four: Environmental Subsidies | 157 | ||
| Art. 196 Principle | 157 | ||
| Art. 197 Requirements for Promotion Programmes and Promotion Guidelines | 157 | ||
| Art. 198 Procedure | 157 | ||
| Art. 199 Prerequisites for Allocation; Conditions and Supplementary Requirements | 157 | ||
| Art. 200 Report to the Bundestag | 157 | ||
| Art. 201 Application of the Provisions of the Subsidies Act | 158 | ||
| Section Five: Off-setting, Preferential Treatment, Joint Use | 158 | ||
| Art. 202 Off-setting within the Framework of Precautions | 158 | ||
| Art. 203 Off-setting in Impaired Areas | 158 | ||
| Art. 204 Preferential Treatment for Use | 158 | ||
| Art. 205 Joint Use of Installations | 159 | ||
| Section Six: Administrative Offences | 159 | ||
| Art. 206 Administrative Offences | 159 | ||
| Chapter Seven: Environmental Information | 160 | ||
| Section One: Governmental Environmental Information | 160 | ||
| Art. 207 Governmental Environmental Research | 160 | ||
| Art. 208 Environmental Observation | 160 | ||
| Art. 209 Federal Environmental Information Systems | 160 | ||
| Art. 210 Preparation and Provision of Data | 161 | ||
| Art. 211 Environmental Statistics | 161 | ||
| Art. 212 National Environmental Accounting | 162 | ||
| Art. 213 Informing the Public about the Environment | 162 | ||
| Art. 214 Information and Advice | 163 | ||
| Art. 215 Environmental Instruction | 163 | ||
| Art. 216 Enforcement Data | 163 | ||
| Section Two: Access to Environmental Information | 164 | ||
| Art. 217 Right of Access to Environmental Information | 164 | ||
| Art. 218 Procedure | 164 | ||
| Art. 219 Representatives in the case of Uniform Applications | 165 | ||
| Art. 220 Exclusion and Limitation of Right | 165 | ||
| Art. 221 Register | 165 | ||
| Art. 222 Rolls and Inventories | 165 | ||
| Art. 223 Costs | 165 | ||
| Section Three: Confidentiality | 166 | ||
| Art. 224 Person-Related Data | 166 | ||
| Art. 225 Business Secrets | 166 | ||
| Art. 226 Information on Measures against Third-Party Interference | 166 | ||
| Section Four: Commissions on Access to Information | 166 | ||
| Art. 227 Commissions on Access to Information | 166 | ||
| Chapter Eight: Transboundary Environmental Protection | 167 | ||
| Section One: General Provisions | 167 | ||
| Art. 228 International Responsibility | 167 | ||
| Art. 229 International Cooperation | 167 | ||
| Section Two: Procedure in cases of Transboundary Environmental Impacts | 167 | ||
| Art. 230 Transboundary Participation of Authorities | 167 | ||
| Art. 231 Transboundary Public Participation | 168 | ||
| Art. 232 Announcement of Foreign Projects in Germany | 168 | ||
| Art. 233 Duty to Notify Major Accidents | 168 | ||
| Section Three: Implementation of Projects Outside the Territorial Scope of this Code | 168 | ||
| Art. 234 Exploitation of Seabed Mineral Resources | 168 | ||
| Art. 235 Environmental Protection in Technical and Financial Development Cooperation | 168 | ||
| Section Four: Imports and Exports of Products | 169 | ||
| Art. 236 Labelling for Export Products | 169 | ||
| Art. 237 Notification of Exportation of Products | 169 | ||
| Art. 238 Notification in Cases of Release of Genetically Modified Organisms Outside Germany | 169 | ||
| Art. 239 Advising Foreign Agencies | 170 | ||
| Art. 240 Testing of Other Product Properties | 170 | ||
| Art. 241 Ban on Exports of Products and Installations | 170 | ||
| Art. 242 Imports of Products | 170 | ||
| Art. 243 Competence | 171 | ||
| Section Five: Administrative Offences | 171 | ||
| Art. 244 Administrative Offences | 171 | ||
| Specific Part | 172 | ||
| Chapter Nine: Nature Conservation, Landscape Management and Forest Conservation | 172 | ||
| Section One: General Provisions of Nature Conservation and Landscape Management | 172 | ||
| Art. 245 Objectives of Nature Conservation and Landscape Management | 172 | ||
| Art. 246 Definitions | 172 | ||
| Art. 247 Principles of Nature Conservation and Landscape Management | 174 | ||
| Art. 248 Nature Conservation under Community Legislation | 175 | ||
| Art. 249 Nature Conservation Duties | 175 | ||
| Art. 250 Agriculture and Forestry | 175 | ||
| Art. 251 Nature Conservation and Recreation | 176 | ||
| Section Two: General Protection of Ecosystems | 176 | ||
| Subsection One: Nature Maintenance Plans | 176 | ||
| Art. 252 Purpose of Nature Maintenance Plans | 176 | ||
| Art. 253 Types and Contents of Nature Maintenance Plans | 176 | ||
| Art. 254 Nature Programme | 177 | ||
| Art. 255 Nature Framework Plans | 177 | ||
| Art. 256 Nature Plans | 177 | ||
| Art. 257 Green Space Development Plans | 177 | ||
| Art. 258 Special Arrangements for the City States | 177 | ||
| Art. 259 Preparation Procedure | 177 | ||
| Subsection Two: Encroachments on Nature and Landscape | 178 | ||
| Art. 260 Encroachments on Nature and Landscape | 178 | ||
| Art. 261 Admissibility of Encroachments | 178 | ||
| Art. 262 Duties of the Originator | 179 | ||
| Art. 263 Procedure | 179 | ||
| Art. 264 Register of Encroachments | 180 | ||
| Art. 265 Relationship to Plans Preparing for Encroachments and to Building Law | 180 | ||
| Art. 266 Implementation of Compensation and Substitute Measures | 181 | ||
| Subsection Three: Management | 181 | ||
| Art. 267 Duty to Tolerate | 181 | ||
| Art. 268 Maintenance and Development Measures | 181 | ||
| Section Three: Protection for Biotopes and Special Areas | 182 | ||
| Subsection One: Biotope Protection | 182 | ||
| Art. 269 Protection of Certain Biotopes | 182 | ||
| Art. 270 Measures by the Länder | 182 | ||
| Subsection Two: Protection for Special Areas | 183 | ||
| Art. 271 General Provisions | 183 | ||
| Art. 272 Nature Conservation Area | 183 | ||
| Art. 273 National Park | 183 | ||
| Art. 274 Biosphere Park | 184 | ||
| Art. 275 Landscape Protection Area | 184 | ||
| Art. 276 Nature Park | 185 | ||
| Art. 277 Natural Monument | 185 | ||
| Art. 278 Protected Landscape Element | 185 | ||
| Subsection Three: Protected Areas of European Significance | 186 | ||
| Art. 279 Selection and Declaration of Protected Area | 186 | ||
| Art. 280 Promulgations | 186 | ||
| Art. 281 Projects of Relevance to Protected Areas | 186 | ||
| Art. 282 Assessment of Impact on Protected Areas | 187 | ||
| Art. 283 Admissibility of Projects of Relevance to Protected Areas, Originator’s Duties | 187 | ||
| Art. 284 Procedure | 187 | ||
| Art. 285 Plans of Relevance to Protected Areas | 188 | ||
| Section Four: Conservation of Wild Animals and Plants | 188 | ||
| Subsection One: General Provisions | 188 | ||
| Art. 286 Objectives of Species Conservation | 188 | ||
| Art. 287 Länder Provisions on Species Conservation | 189 | ||
| Art. 288 Definitions | 189 | ||
| Art. 289 Promulgations | 190 | ||
| Art. 290 Species Conservation Seal | 190 | ||
| Subsection Two: Conservation Provisions | 190 | ||
| Art. 291 General Conservation of Wild Animals and Plants | 190 | ||
| Art. 292 Release and Settlement of Animals and Plants | 190 | ||
| Art. 293 Poisonous Animals and Plants | 190 | ||
| Art. 294 Wildlife Reserves | 191 | ||
| Art. 295 Bans on Interference with and Disturbance of Specially Protected Animal and Plant Species | 191 | ||
| Art. 296 Bans on Possession and Marketing of Specially Protected Species and Certain Other Animal and Plant Species | 192 | ||
| Art. 297 Authority to Enact Ordinances | 193 | ||
| Art. 298 Other Länder Provisions | 193 | ||
| Subsection Three: Supplementary Provisions | 194 | ||
| Art. 299 Competence and Procedures | 194 | ||
| Art. 300 Burden of Proof, Seizure | 194 | ||
| Art. 301 General Administrative Rules | 195 | ||
| Section Five: Forest Conservation | 195 | ||
| Subsection One: General Provisions | 195 | ||
| Art. 302 Objectives of Forest Conservation | 195 | ||
| Art. 303 Definitions | 195 | ||
| Art. 304 Forest Management | 195 | ||
| Art. 305 Management of Federal and Land Forests | 196 | ||
| Art. 306 Federal Forest Inventory | 196 | ||
| Subsection Two: Forest Preservation | 196 | ||
| Art. 307 Purpose of Forestry Master Plans | 196 | ||
| Art. 308 Principles of Forestry Master Plans | 197 | ||
| Art. 309 Types and Content of Forestry Master Plans | 197 | ||
| Art. 310 Preparation Procedure | 197 | ||
| Art. 311 Forest Conversion | 197 | ||
| Art. 312 Initial Afforestation | 198 | ||
| Subsection Three: Specially Protected Forest | 198 | ||
| Art. 313 Protective Forest | 198 | ||
| Art. 314 Recreational Forest | 199 | ||
| Art. 315 Supplementary Land Legislation | 199 | ||
| Subsection Four: Common Provisions | 199 | ||
| Art. 316 Safeguarding Forest Functions | 199 | ||
| Art. 317 General Administrative Rules | 200 | ||
| Section Six: Expropriation, Indemnification and Compensation for Hardship | 200 | ||
| Art. 318 Expropriation | 200 | ||
| Art. 319 Special Restrictions on Ownership | 200 | ||
| Art. 320 Other Restrictions | 200 | ||
| Section Seven: Common Provisions | 200 | ||
| Art. 321 Functions of Authorities and Public Agencies | 200 | ||
| Art. 322 Exemptions | 200 | ||
| Art. 323 Administrative Offences | 201 | ||
| Art. 324 Investigations by Customs Authorities | 203 | ||
| Art. 325 Provisions for Land Legislation | 203 | ||
| Chapter Ten: Soil Conservation | 203 | ||
| Section One: General Provisions | 203 | ||
| Art. 326 Purpose | 203 | ||
| Art. 327 Definitions | 203 | ||
| Art. 328 Principles | 204 | ||
| Art. 329 Basic Duties | 205 | ||
| Art. 330 Determination of Soil Condition Values | 205 | ||
| Art. 331 Competent Authorities | 206 | ||
| Section Two: Agricultural and Silvicultural Land Use | 206 | ||
| Art. 332 Rules of Good Agricultural or Silvicultural Practice | 206 | ||
| Art. 333 Use of Plant Protection Agents | 207 | ||
| Art. 334 Use of Fertilisers | 208 | ||
| Art. 335 Promotion of Organic Farming | 208 | ||
| Art. 336 Nitrogen Charge | 209 | ||
| Section Three: Extraction of Mineral Resources | 210 | ||
| Art. 337 Basic Duties | 210 | ||
| Art. 338 Planning of Mining Requirements and Locations | 210 | ||
| Section Four: Soil Quality Monitoring and Avoidance of Soil Impairment | 211 | ||
| Art. 339 Functions of the Authorities | 211 | ||
| Art. 340 Duties to Inform and Cooperate | 211 | ||
| Art. 341 Duty to Notify | 212 | ||
| Art. 342 Soil Information Systems | 212 | ||
| Art. 343 Powers of the Authorities | 212 | ||
| Art. 344 Selection in the case of Multiple Responsible Parties | 213 | ||
| Art. 345 Compensation among Multiple Responsible Parties | 213 | ||
| Art. 346 Soil Conservation Plans | 214 | ||
| Section Five: Soil Remediation and Recultivation | 215 | ||
| Art. 347 Duty of Remediation and Recultivation | 215 | ||
| Art. 348 Parties Responsible for Remediation and Recultivation | 215 | ||
| Art. 349 Military Contaminated Sites | 216 | ||
| Art. 350 Duty to Tolerate | 217 | ||
| Art. 351 Orders and Measures by Authorities | 217 | ||
| Art. 352 Entities Responsible for Remediation | 218 | ||
| Art. 353 Compensation for Appreciation in Value | 219 | ||
| Section Six: Administrative Offences | 219 | ||
| Art. 354 Administrative Offences | 219 | ||
| Chapter Eleven: Water Conservation | 220 | ||
| Section One: General Provisions | 220 | ||
| Art. 355 Purpose | 220 | ||
| Art. 356 Definitions | 221 | ||
| Art. 357 Limits of Property Ownership | 222 | ||
| Art. 358 Principles | 222 | ||
| Art. 359 Water Resources Management Planning | 222 | ||
| Art. 360 Basic Duties | 223 | ||
| Section Two: Authorisation | 223 | ||
| Art. 361 Necessity for and Content of Authorisation | 223 | ||
| Art. 362 Prerequisites for Authorisation | 224 | ||
| Art. 363 Conditions, Supplementary Requirements and Early Commencement | 224 | ||
| Art. 364 Compensation for Rights and Powers | 225 | ||
| Art. 365 Withdrawal of Authorisation | 225 | ||
| Art. 366 Subsequent Decisions by Water Authority | 225 | ||
| Art. 367 Participation by Water Authority | 225 | ||
| Art. 368 Continued Validity of Permits and Consents; Existing Rights and Existing Powers | 225 | ||
| Section Three: Surface Waters | 226 | ||
| Subsection One: Management | 226 | ||
| Art. 369 Load Reduction Programmes and Management Objectives for Surface Waters | 226 | ||
| Art. 370 Minimum Requirements for Discharging Waste Water | 226 | ||
| Art. 371 Special Uses of Surface Waters | 226 | ||
| Art. 372 Dumping, Storage and Carriage of Substances | 227 | ||
| Subsection Two: Authorisation-Free Uses | 227 | ||
| Art. 373 Public Use | 227 | ||
| Art. 374 Proprietary Use by Owners and Residents | 227 | ||
| Art. 375 Use for Fishing Purposes | 227 | ||
| Art. 376 Uses in the case of Exercises and Trials | 227 | ||
| Subsection Three: Development, Maintenance, Flood Protection | 228 | ||
| Art. 377 Development | 228 | ||
| Art. 378 Maintenance | 228 | ||
| Art. 379 Flood Areas | 228 | ||
| Section Four: Coastal Waters and High Seas | 229 | ||
| Subsection One: Coastal Waters | 229 | ||
| Art. 380 Management Objectives for Coastal Waters | 229 | ||
| Art. 381 Minimum Requirements for Discharging of Waste Water, Storage and Transportation of Substances | 229 | ||
| Art. 382 Authorisation-Free Uses | 229 | ||
| Subsection Two: Introducing and Discharging Waste into the High Seas and into Coastal Waters | 229 | ||
| Art. 383 Scope and Definitions | 229 | ||
| Art. 384 Ban on Introduction, Discharging and Incineration of Waste | 230 | ||
| Art. 385 Authorisation | 230 | ||
| Art. 386 Introduction and Discharging of Dredged Material | 230 | ||
| Art. 387 Distress Clause | 230 | ||
| Art. 388 Implementation of the Provisions for the High Seas | 231 | ||
| Section Five: Ground Water | 231 | ||
| Art. 389 Management Objectives for Ground Water | 231 | ||
| Art. 390 Quality Maintenance and Remediation | 232 | ||
| Art. 391 Special Uses of Ground Water | 232 | ||
| Art. 392 Authorisation-Free Uses | 232 | ||
| Art. 393 Exploratory Earthworks | 233 | ||
| Section Six: Area-Specific Water Conservation | 233 | ||
| Art. 394 Water Conservation Areas | 233 | ||
| Section Seven: Waste Water Disposal | 234 | ||
| Art. 395 Waste Water Disposal Duty and Waste Water Disposal Plans | 234 | ||
| Art. 396 Construction and Operation of Waste Water Installations | 234 | ||
| Art. 397 Authorisation of Waste Water Treatment Installations | 234 | ||
| Section Eight: Installations for Handling Substances Harmful to Water and Soil | 235 | ||
| Art. 398 Requirements | 235 | ||
| Art. 399 Determination of Suitability (Eignungsfeststellung) and Type Approval (Bauartzulassung) | 235 | ||
| Art. 400 Duties and Specialist Enterprises | 236 | ||
| Section Nine: Monitoring and Environmental Officer | 236 | ||
| Art. 401 Duty to Monitor | 236 | ||
| Art. 402 Environmental Officer | 237 | ||
| Section Ten: Water Use Charges | 237 | ||
| Subsection One: Waste Water Charge | 237 | ||
| Art. 403 Liability for Charges | 237 | ||
| Art. 404 Basis for Assessment | 238 | ||
| Art. 405 Determining Pollution Units on the Basis of the Notice | 238 | ||
| Art. 406 Increase in the Number of Pollution Units | 238 | ||
| Art. 407 Declaration concerning Deviations from Notice | 239 | ||
| Art. 408 Calculating Pollution Units in Other Cases | 239 | ||
| Art. 409 Charge Rate | 240 | ||
| Art. 410 Offsetting against Expenditure on Waste Water Purification | 240 | ||
| Art. 411 Levying | 241 | ||
| Art. 412 Use of Waste Water Charge | 241 | ||
| Subsection Two: Charge for Ground Water Abstraction | 241 | ||
| Art. 413 Liability for Charges | 241 | ||
| Art. 414 Assessment Basis and Charge Rate | 242 | ||
| Art. 415 Use of Charge | 242 | ||
| Section Eleven: Common Provisions | 242 | ||
| Art. 416 Water Register | 242 | ||
| Art. 417 Administrative Offences | 242 | ||
| Art. 418 Provisions for Land Legislation | 243 | ||
| Chapter Twelve: Immission Control and Energy Supply | 243 | ||
| Section One: General Provisions on Immission Control | 243 | ||
| Art. 419 Purpose and Scope | 243 | ||
| Art. 420 Principles | 244 | ||
| Section Two: Immission Control relating to Installations | 244 | ||
| Subsection One: Construction and Operation of Installations Requiring Authorisation | 244 | ||
| Art. 421 Requirement of Authorisation | 244 | ||
| Art. 422 Basic Duties for Construction and Operation | 245 | ||
| Art. 423 Statutory Ordinances concerning Basic Duties | 245 | ||
| Art. 424 Special Prerequisites for Authorisation | 246 | ||
| Art. 425 Environmental Officer | 246 | ||
| Subsection Two: Construction and Operation of Installations Not Requiring Authorisation | 246 | ||
| Art. 426 Basic Duties for Construction and Operation | 246 | ||
| Art. 427 Statutory Ordinance concerning Requirements for Installations Not Requiring Authorisation | 247 | ||
| Art. 428 Orders in Individual Cases | 247 | ||
| Subsection Three: Marketing of Installations | 247 | ||
| Art. 429 Requirements for Installations and Parts Thereof | 247 | ||
| Art. 430 Type Approval (Bauartzulassung) | 247 | ||
| Subsection Four: Advisory Commissions | 248 | ||
| Art. 431 Installation Safety Commission | 248 | ||
| Art. 432 Technical Committee on Installation Safety | 248 | ||
| Section Three: Immission Control relating to Traffic | 249 | ||
| Subsection One: Properties and Operation of Vehicles | 249 | ||
| Art. 433 Basic Duties | 249 | ||
| Art. 434 Statutory Ordinance concerning Properties and Operation of Vehicles | 249 | ||
| Subsection Two: Traffic Infrastructure Projects (Verkehrsanlagen), Traffic Charges | 249 | ||
| Art. 435 Basic Duties relating to the Construction and Operation of Traffic Infrastructure Projects | 249 | ||
| Art. 436 Orders upon Authorisation of Traffic Infrastructure Projects | 249 | ||
| Art. 437 Subsequent Orders in cases of Harmful Immissions from Existing Traffic Infrastructure Projects | 250 | ||
| Art. 438 Road Traffic Charge | 250 | ||
| Art. 439 Air Traffic Charge | 251 | ||
| Art. 440 Ascertaining Immissions | 251 | ||
| Art. 441 Programme of Measures | 251 | ||
| Art. 442 Statutory Ordinance | 251 | ||
| Section Four: Immission Control relating to Areas | 252 | ||
| Art. 443 Observation Areas | 252 | ||
| Art. 444 Air Quality Control Plans | 252 | ||
| Art. 445 Noise Abatement Plans | 253 | ||
| Art. 446 Measures in Inversion Weather Conditions | 253 | ||
| Art. 447 Measures in High-Ozone Situations | 253 | ||
| Section Five: Energy Supply and Energy Use | 254 | ||
| Subsection One: General Provisions | 254 | ||
| Art. 448 Purpose | 254 | ||
| Art. 449 Definitions | 254 | ||
| Art. 450 Principles | 255 | ||
| Art. 451 Basic Duties | 255 | ||
| Art. 452 Local Authority Energy Plans | 255 | ||
| Subsection Two: Preferential Arrangements for Environmentally Sound Generation of Electricity | 255 | ||
| Art. 453 Electricity from Renewable Energy Sources | 255 | ||
| Art. 454 Environmentally Sound Generation of Electricity | 256 | ||
| Art. 455 Review of Preferential Arrangements | 256 | ||
| Subsection Three: Saving Energy | 256 | ||
| Art. 456 Thermal Insulation for Buildings Not Yet Constructed | 256 | ||
| Art. 457 Requirements for Heating and Air-Conditioning Systems and Process Water Systems | 257 | ||
| Art. 458 Requirements for the Operation of Heating and Air-Conditioning Systems and of Process Water Systems | 257 | ||
| Art. 459 Divergent Requirements and Extension to Existing Buildings | 257 | ||
| Art. 460 Distribution of Operating Costs | 258 | ||
| Art. 461 Common Provisions for Statutory Ordinances | 258 | ||
| Art. 462 Reference Date | 258 | ||
| Art. 463 Monitoring | 258 | ||
| Section Six: Administrative Offences | 258 | ||
| Art. 464 Administrative Offences | 258 | ||
| Chapter Thirteen: Nuclear Energy and Radiological Protection | 260 | ||
| Section One: General Provisions | 260 | ||
| Art. 465 Purpose | 260 | ||
| Art. 466 Scope | 260 | ||
| Art. 467 Definitions | 260 | ||
| Section Two: Authorisation and Monitoring | 261 | ||
| Subsection One: Authorisation of Installations | 261 | ||
| Art. 468 Nuclear Installations Requiring Authorisation | 261 | ||
| Art. 469 Basic Duties | 261 | ||
| Art. 470 Special Prerequisites for Authorisation | 262 | ||
| Art. 471 Safety of Installations | 262 | ||
| Art. 472 Closure | 263 | ||
| Art. 473 Installations Producing Ionising Radiation | 263 | ||
| Subsection Two: Other Authorisations | 264 | ||
| Art. 474 Handling of Radioactive Substances | 264 | ||
| Art. 475 Imports and Exports of Radioactive Substances | 265 | ||
| Art. 476 Carriage of Radioactive Substances | 265 | ||
| Subsection Three: Waste Management | 266 | ||
| Art. 477 Duties of Possessor of Waste | 266 | ||
| Art. 478 Duties of the State | 267 | ||
| Art. 479 Authorisation of Disposal Facilities | 267 | ||
| Subsection Four: Monitoring and Intervention Measures | 267 | ||
| Art. 480 Administrative Monitoring | 267 | ||
| Art. 481 Review of Reliability | 268 | ||
| Art. 482 Periodic Safety Review | 268 | ||
| Art. 483 Subsequent Orders in Special Cases | 269 | ||
| Art. 484 Revocation | 269 | ||
| Art. 485 Compensation | 269 | ||
| Subsection Five: Common Provisions | 270 | ||
| Art. 486 Exemption from Authorisation Requirement | 270 | ||
| Art. 487 Power to Enact Statutory Ordinances concerning Administrative Control | 270 | ||
| Art. 488 Independent Experts | 271 | ||
| Art. 489 Advisory Commissions | 271 | ||
| Art. 490 Competence concerning Measures relating to Imports and Exports and Carriage | 271 | ||
| Art. 491 Competence of Federal Authorities | 272 | ||
| Art. 492 Competence of Land Authorities | 272 | ||
| Section Three: Radiological Protection | 273 | ||
| Subsection One: Functions and Basic Duties | 273 | ||
| Art. 493 Authorities’ Functions | 273 | ||
| Art. 494 Basic Duties | 273 | ||
| Subsection Two: Protective Measures within Companies and Company Organisation | 273 | ||
| Art. 495 Power to Enact Statutory Ordinances concerning Protective Measures | 273 | ||
| Art. 496 Party Responsible for Radiological Protection, Environmental Officer for Radiological Protection | 274 | ||
| Subsection Three: Administrative Observation of Radioactivity, Radiological Protection Register | 275 | ||
| Art. 497 Federal Functions | 275 | ||
| Art. 498 Länder Functions | 276 | ||
| Art. 499 Information Duties of the Federation | 276 | ||
| Art. 500 Federal Administrative Authorities | 276 | ||
| Art. 501 Radiological Protection Register | 276 | ||
| Art. 502 Damage of Unexplained Origin | 277 | ||
| Subsection Four: Statutory Ordinances and Administrative Measures | 277 | ||
| Art. 503 Maximum Doses and Maximum Contamination Levels | 277 | ||
| Art. 504 General Prohibitions and Restrictions | 277 | ||
| Art. 505 Powers in Transboundary Traffic | 278 | ||
| Art. 506 Recommendations | 278 | ||
| Subsection Five: Delegated Administration | 278 | ||
| Art. 507 Länder Administration on behalf of the Federation (Auftragsverwaltung) | 278 | ||
| Section Four: Liability and Financial Cover | 279 | ||
| Subsection One: General Provisions | 279 | ||
| Art. 508 Fundamentals of Liability | 279 | ||
| Art. 509 Definitions | 279 | ||
| Subsection Two: Liability | 280 | ||
| Art. 510 Liability for Nuclear Installations | 280 | ||
| Art. 511 Liability for Nuclear Ships | 281 | ||
| Art. 512 Liability in Other Cases | 281 | ||
| Art. 513 Contributory Fault | 282 | ||
| Art. 514 Extent of Liability | 282 | ||
| Art. 515 Limits of Liability | 282 | ||
| Art. 516 Limitation Periods | 283 | ||
| Art. 517 Multiple Parties Liable for Compensation | 283 | ||
| Art. 518 Indemnity Obligation | 284 | ||
| Art. 519 Division of Indemnity between Federation and Länder | 284 | ||
| Art. 520 Recourse in Cases of Indemnity | 284 | ||
| Art. 521 Compensation by the Federation | 285 | ||
| Art. 522 Exceptions to Payments by the Federation and the Länder | 286 | ||
| Art. 523 Foreign Nuclear Installations | 286 | ||
| Art. 524 Liability Exemption Limits | 286 | ||
| Art. 525 Decisions by the Steering Committee | 287 | ||
| Subsection Three: Financial Cover | 287 | ||
| Art. 526 Financial Cover | 287 | ||
| Art. 527 Application of the Insurance Contracts Act | 288 | ||
| Art. 528 Order of Precedence for Satisfaction from Financial Cover | 288 | ||
| Section Five: Administrative Offences | 288 | ||
| Art. 529 Administrative Offences | 288 | ||
| Chapter Fourteen: Traffic Infrastructure Projects and Utility Lines | 289 | ||
| Section One: Traffic Infrastructure Projects | 289 | ||
| Subsection One: General Provisions | 289 | ||
| Art. 530 Purpose | 289 | ||
| Art. 531 Principle of Taking into Account the Consequences of Traffic | 290 | ||
| Subsection Two: Planning of Supraregional Traffic Infrastructure Projects | 290 | ||
| Art. 532 Scope | 290 | ||
| Art. 533 Planning Principles | 290 | ||
| Art. 534 Subjects and Effects of Federal Traffic Infrastructure Planning | 291 | ||
| Art. 535 Regional Policy Procedures | 291 | ||
| Art. 536 Discretionary Project Authorisation | 291 | ||
| Section Two: Utility Lines | 292 | ||
| Subsection One: General Provisions | 292 | ||
| Art. 537 Purpose | 292 | ||
| Art. 538 Definitions | 292 | ||
| Art. 539 Scope | 292 | ||
| Art. 540 Principles | 292 | ||
| Art. 541 Basic Duties | 293 | ||
| Subsection Two: Construction and Operation of Utility Lines | 293 | ||
| Art. 542 Utility Lines Requiring Authorisation | 293 | ||
| Art. 543 Decision by the Licensing Authority | 293 | ||
| Art. 544 Determination of Suitability and Type Approval (Bauartzulassung) | 294 | ||
| Art. 545 Specialist Enterprises | 294 | ||
| Art. 546 Monitoring | 294 | ||
| Art. 547 Environmental Officer | 294 | ||
| Art. 548 Cessation of Operation of Installation | 294 | ||
| Art. 549 Closure of Installation | 295 | ||
| Art. 550 Authority to Enact Statutory Ordinances | 295 | ||
| Subsection Three: Common Provisions | 295 | ||
| Art. 551 Administrative Offences | 295 | ||
| Chapter Fifteen: Genetic Engineering and Other Biotechnology | 296 | ||
| Section One: General Provisions on Genetic Engineering | 296 | ||
| Art. 552 Purpose | 296 | ||
| Art. 553 Scope | 296 | ||
| Art. 554 Definitions | 296 | ||
| Art. 555 Basic Duties for the Handling of Genetically Modified Organisms | 297 | ||
| Art. 556 Duty to Inform | 297 | ||
| Art. 557 Monitoring | 297 | ||
| Art. 558 Genetic Engineering Commission | 298 | ||
| Section Two: Genetic Engineering Operations in Closed Systems | 298 | ||
| Art. 559 Risk Levels, Safety Measures | 298 | ||
| Art. 560 Special Basic Duties | 299 | ||
| Art. 561 Monitoring, Environmental Officers | 299 | ||
| Art. 562 Registration and Authorisation Requirements for Installations and Operations | 299 | ||
| Art. 563 Operations after Authorisation for Release or Marketing | 300 | ||
| Art. 564 Authorisation Procedures for Installations | 300 | ||
| Art. 565 Authorisation Procedures for Operations | 300 | ||
| Art. 566 Registration Procedure | 301 | ||
| Art. 567 Prerequisites for Authorisation | 301 | ||
| Section Three: Release of Genetically Modified Organisms | 302 | ||
| Art. 568 Special Basic Duties | 302 | ||
| Art. 569 Monitoring, Environmental Officers | 302 | ||
| Art. 570 Requirement of Authorisation | 303 | ||
| Art. 571 Release after Authorisation for Marketing | 303 | ||
| Art. 572 Authorisation Procedures for Releases | 303 | ||
| Art. 573 Content of Authorisation, Requirements | 304 | ||
| Section Four: Marketing of Genetically Modified Products | 304 | ||
| Art. 574 Special Basic Duties | 304 | ||
| Art. 575 Requirement of Authorisation | 304 | ||
| Art. 576 Authorisation Procedure | 305 | ||
| Art. 577 Prerequisites for Authorisation | 305 | ||
| Art. 578 Content of Authorisation, Requirements | 305 | ||
| Art. 579 Subsequent Decisions | 306 | ||
| Art. 580 Novel Foods and Food Ingredients | 306 | ||
| Section Five: Requirements regarding Other Biotechnology | 306 | ||
| Art. 581 Biotechnologically Modified Organisms | 306 | ||
| Art. 582 Environmental Maintenance with the Aid of Biotechnology | 307 | ||
| Section Six: Common Provisions | 307 | ||
| Art. 583 Non-Confidential Documents | 307 | ||
| Art. 584 Measures for the Protection of Employees | 307 | ||
| Art. 585 Administrative Offences | 308 | ||
| Chapter Sixteen: Dangerous Substances | 309 | ||
| Section One: General Provisions | 309 | ||
| Art. 586 Purpose | 309 | ||
| Art. 587 Definitions | 309 | ||
| Art. 588 Dangerous Substances, Preparations and Products; Substances Hazardous to Health | 310 | ||
| Art. 589 Scope | 311 | ||
| Art. 590 Principles | 312 | ||
| Art. 591 Basic Duties | 313 | ||
| Section Two: Registration of New Substances | 313 | ||
| Art. 592 Duty to Register | 313 | ||
| Art. 593 Exemptions from Duty to Register | 314 | ||
| Art. 594 Content of Registration | 314 | ||
| Art. 595 Simplified Registration | 315 | ||
| Art. 596 Procedure after Receipt of Registration, Marketing of Registered Substance | 315 | ||
| Art. 597 Additional Testing First and Second Stage | 316 | ||
| Art. 598 Special Provisions for Importer Registrations | 316 | ||
| Art. 599 Powers of the Registration Body | 317 | ||
| Art. 600 Evaluation | 318 | ||
| Section Three: Classification, Packaging and Labelling of Dangerous Substances, Preparations and Products | 318 | ||
| Art. 601 Classification, Packaging and Labelling of Dangerous Substances | 318 | ||
| Art. 602 Classification, Packaging and Labelling of Preparations and Products | 319 | ||
| Art. 603 Safety Data Sheet | 319 | ||
| Art. 604 Authorisation to Enact Classification, Packaging and Labelling Provisions | 319 | ||
| Art. 605 Duties of Marketer | 320 | ||
| Art. 606 Advertising | 320 | ||
| Section Four: Duty to Inform | 320 | ||
| Art. 607 Registered Substances | 320 | ||
| Art. 608 Substances Exempted from the Duty to Register | 320 | ||
| Art. 609 New Substances which are Not Marketed or Only Marketed Outside the European Economic Area | 321 | ||
| Art. 610 Existing Substances | 321 | ||
| Art. 611 Preparations and Products | 322 | ||
| Art. 612 Poison Information and Treatment Centres | 322 | ||
| Art. 613 Dangerous Substances Inventory | 323 | ||
| Section Five: Protection of Employees | 324 | ||
| Art. 614 Measures for the Protection of Employees | 324 | ||
| Section Six: Good Laboratory Practice | 325 | ||
| Art. 615 Principles of Good Laboratory Practice | 325 | ||
| Section Seven: Procedures and Organisation | 326 | ||
| Art. 616 Submission of Test Certificates | 326 | ||
| Art. 617 Use of Third-Party Test Certificates, Duty of Preliminary Inquiry | 327 | ||
| Art. 618 Information Duties of the Registration Body | 328 | ||
| Art. 619 Confidentiality | 329 | ||
| Art. 620 Advisory Commissions | 329 | ||
| Art. 621 Implementation, Monitoring | 330 | ||
| Art. 622 Administrative Orders | 330 | ||
| Art. 623 Costs | 330 | ||
| Section Eight: Plant Protection Agents | 331 | ||
| Subsection One: General Provisions | 331 | ||
| Art. 624 Purpose | 331 | ||
| Art. 625 Definitions | 331 | ||
| Art. 626 Scope | 332 | ||
| Art. 627 Principles | 333 | ||
| Art. 628 Basic Duties | 333 | ||
| Subsection Two: Approval of Plant Protection Agents | 333 | ||
| Art. 629 Requirement of Approval | 333 | ||
| Art. 630 Application for Approval | 334 | ||
| Art. 631 Utilisation of Documents of Other Applicants or Approval Holders | 334 | ||
| Art. 632 Approval | 335 | ||
| Art. 633 Supplementary Demands | 337 | ||
| Art. 634 Approval of Plant Protection Agents Approved in Other Member States | 337 | ||
| Art. 635 Approval before Decision by European Community | 338 | ||
| Art. 636 Duration of Approval | 338 | ||
| Art. 637 Amendment; Revocation; Withdrawal; Suspension of Approval | 339 | ||
| Art. 638 Extension of the Field of Application | 339 | ||
| Art. 639 Duty to Inform | 340 | ||
| Art. 640 Confidentiality | 340 | ||
| Art. 641 Details of the Procedure; Promulgations | 340 | ||
| Subsection Three: Marketing of Plant Protection Agents | 341 | ||
| Art. 642 Packaging and Labelling | 341 | ||
| Art. 643 Prohibited Statements | 342 | ||
| Art. 644 Duty to Notify | 342 | ||
| Art. 645 Retail Sales | 342 | ||
| Subsection Four: Use of Plant Protection Agents | 342 | ||
| Art. 646 Use of Plant Protection Agents | 342 | ||
| Art. 647 Duty to Notify | 343 | ||
| Art. 648 Personal Prerequisites | 343 | ||
| Subsection Five: Plant Protection Appliances | 343 | ||
| Art. 649 Marketing | 343 | ||
| Art. 650 Declaration | 343 | ||
| Art. 651 Testing of Plant Protection Appliances | 343 | ||
| Art. 652 Delegated Powers | 344 | ||
| Art. 653 Testing of Existing Plant Protection Appliances | 344 | ||
| Subsection Six: Plant Resistance Improvers; Active Ingredients | 344 | ||
| Art. 654 Marketing of Plant Resistance Improvers | 344 | ||
| Art. 655 Inclusion in the List of Plant Resistance Improvers | 345 | ||
| Art. 656 Marketing of Active Ingredients of Plant Protection Agents | 345 | ||
| Subsection Seven: Other Plant Protection Measures | 345 | ||
| Art. 657 Implementation of Other Plant Protection Measures | 345 | ||
| Art. 658 Plant Protection Measures | 346 | ||
| Art. 659 Protection against Accidental Introduction of Harmful Organisms | 347 | ||
| Art. 660 Urgent Cases | 348 | ||
| Subsection Eight: Compensation | 348 | ||
| Art. 661 Compensation | 348 | ||
| Subsection Nine: Common Provisions | 348 | ||
| Art. 662 Federal Biological Institute for Agriculture and Forestry | 348 | ||
| Art. 663 Descriptive Plant Protection List | 349 | ||
| Art. 664 Expert Commission on Plant Protection Agents | 349 | ||
| Art. 665 Implementation in the Länder | 350 | ||
| Art. 666 Costs | 350 | ||
| Art. 667 Duties to Inform and Tolerate | 350 | ||
| Art. 668 Communication of Data | 350 | ||
| Art. 669 Cooperation with Other Member States and with the Commission of the European Communities | 351 | ||
| Section Nine: Biocides | 351 | ||
| Subsection One: General Provisions | 351 | ||
| Art. 670 Purpose | 351 | ||
| Art. 671 Definitions | 351 | ||
| Art. 672 Scope | 351 | ||
| Art. 673 Principles | 352 | ||
| Art. 674 Basic Duties | 352 | ||
| Subsection Two: Approval of Biocides | 352 | ||
| Art. 675 Requirement of Approval; Application for Approval | 352 | ||
| Art. 676 Utilisation of Documents of Other Applicants or Approval Holders | 353 | ||
| Art. 677 Approval | 353 | ||
| Art. 678 Delegated Powers | 354 | ||
| Subsection Three: Marketing of Biocides | 354 | ||
| Art. 679 Packaging and Labelling; Prohibited Statements; Duty to Notify; Restrictions on Sales | 354 | ||
| Subsection Four: Use of Biocides; Appliances for Applying Biocides | 355 | ||
| Art. 680 Use of Biocides | 355 | ||
| Art. 681 Restrictions on Use | 355 | ||
| Art. 682 Appliances for Applying Biocides | 356 | ||
| Subsection Five: Common Provisions | 356 | ||
| Art. 683 Approval Body; Expert Commission | 356 | ||
| Art. 684 Costs, Cooperation, Communication of Data | 357 | ||
| Section Ten: Detergents and Cleaners | 357 | ||
| Subsection One: General Provisions | 357 | ||
| Art. 685 Purpose | 357 | ||
| Art. 686 Definitions | 357 | ||
| Art. 687 Scope | 357 | ||
| Art. 688 Principles | 358 | ||
| Art. 689 Basic Duties | 358 | ||
| Subsection Two: Marketing of Detergents and Cleaners | 358 | ||
| Art. 690 Requirements for Detergents and Cleaners | 358 | ||
| Art. 691 Packaging, Labelling, especially as regards Recommended Dosage, Details of Water Hardness Ranges | 358 | ||
| Art. 692 Information on Environmentally Relevant Properties | 359 | ||
| Section Eleven: Fertilisers | 360 | ||
| Subsection One: General Provisions | 360 | ||
| Art. 693 Purpose | 360 | ||
| Art. 694 Definitions | 360 | ||
| Art. 695 Scope | 360 | ||
| Subsection Two: Marketing of Fertilisers | 361 | ||
| Art. 696 Approval of Fertiliser Types | 361 | ||
| Art. 697 Packaging and Labelling | 361 | ||
| Art. 698 Restrictions on Marketing | 362 | ||
| Subsection Three: Compensation Fund | 362 | ||
| Art. 699 Establishment of a Compensation Fund | 362 | ||
| Subsection Four: Closing Provisions | 363 | ||
| Art. 700 Expert Commission on Fertiliser Matters | 363 | ||
| Art. 701 Tolerances | 363 | ||
| Section Twelve: Carriage of Dangerous Goods | 363 | ||
| Subsection One: General Provisions | 363 | ||
| Art. 702 Purpose | 363 | ||
| Art. 703 Definitions | 363 | ||
| Art. 704 Scope | 363 | ||
| Art. 705 Principles | 364 | ||
| Art. 706 Basic Duties | 364 | ||
| Subsection Two: Requirements for the Carriage of Dangerous Goods | 364 | ||
| Art. 707 Approval for Carriage; Transport Containers and Vehicles | 364 | ||
| Art. 708 Packaging and Labelling; Transport Documents | 365 | ||
| Art. 709 Power to Enact Statutory Ordinances | 365 | ||
| Art. 710 Exemptions | 366 | ||
| Art. 711 Emergency Measures | 366 | ||
| Art. 712 Hearing of Experts | 366 | ||
| Subsection Three: Environmental Officer | 366 | ||
| Art. 713 Environmental Officer | 366 | ||
| Subsection Four: Competence, Safety Measures, Monitoring, Costs | 367 | ||
| Art. 714 Competence | 367 | ||
| Art. 715 Monitoring | 368 | ||
| Art. 716 Costs | 368 | ||
| Section Thirteen: Administrative Offences | 368 | ||
| Art. 717 Administrative Offence Provisions for Sections One to Seven | 368 | ||
| Art. 718 Administrative Offence Provisions for Section Eight | 369 | ||
| Art. 719 Administrative Offence Provisions for Section Nine | 371 | ||
| Art. 720 Administrative Offence Provisions for Section Ten | 373 | ||
| Art. 721 Administrative Offence Provisions for Section Eleven | 373 | ||
| Art. 722 Administrative Offence Provisions for Section Twelve | 374 | ||
| Section Fourteen: Transitional Provisions | 375 | ||
| Art. 723 Transitional Provisions for Sections One to Seven | 375 | ||
| Art. 724 Transitional Provisions for Section Eight | 376 | ||
| Art. 725 Transitional Provisions for Section Nine | 376 | ||
| Chapter Seventeen: Waste | 377 | ||
| Section One: General Provisions | 377 | ||
| Art. 726 Purpose | 377 | ||
| Art. 727 Definitions | 377 | ||
| Art. 728 Scope | 377 | ||
| Art. 729 Basic Duties | 378 | ||
| Section Two: Duties relating to Waste | 378 | ||
| Subsection One: Producers and Possessors of Waste | 378 | ||
| Art. 730 Duties of Producers and Possessors of Waste | 378 | ||
| Art. 731 Company Waste Concepts | 379 | ||
| Art. 732 Company Waste Accounting | 379 | ||
| Art. 733 Return | 380 | ||
| Art. 734 Relinquishment Duties | 380 | ||
| Art. 735 Property Owners’ and Occupiers’ Duty to Tolerate | 381 | ||
| Subsection Two: Waste Managers | 381 | ||
| Art. 736 Duties of Waste Managers | 381 | ||
| Art. 737 Requirements for Waste Recovery | 381 | ||
| Art. 738 Requirements for Waste Disposal | 382 | ||
| Art. 739 Duty to Inform and Advise | 382 | ||
| Art. 740 Exercise of Duties by Public-Law Entities Responsible for Waste Management | 382 | ||
| Art. 741 Exercise of Duties by Associations | 383 | ||
| Art. 742 Exercise of Duties by Self-Government Corporations | 383 | ||
| Art. 743 Exercise of Duties by Third Parties | 384 | ||
| Section Three: Organisation and Planning of Waste Management | 384 | ||
| Art. 744 Organisation of Disposal | 384 | ||
| Art. 745 Waste Strategy Planning | 384 | ||
| Art. 746 Informing the Public | 385 | ||
| Section Four: Authorisation and Closure of Landfill Sites | 385 | ||
| Art. 747 Requirement of Authorisation | 385 | ||
| Art. 748 Basic Duties relating to Construction, Operation and Closure | 385 | ||
| Art. 749 Prerequisites for Authorisation | 386 | ||
| Art. 750 Existing Landfill Sites | 386 | ||
| Art. 751 Closure | 386 | ||
| Section Five: Monitoring and Environmental Officer | 386 | ||
| Art. 752 General Monitoring | 386 | ||
| Art. 753 Evidence Procedure | 387 | ||
| Art. 754 Environmental Officer | 387 | ||
| Section Six: Shipment of Waste | 388 | ||
| Subsection One: Authorisation of Carriers, Dealing and Brokering | 388 | ||
| Art. 755 Authorisation of Carriers | 388 | ||
| Art. 756 Authorisation of Dealing and Brokering | 389 | ||
| Art. 757 Carriage of Hazardous Waste | 389 | ||
| Art. 758 Specialist Waste Management Enterprise, Waste Management Syndicate | 389 | ||
| Subsection Two: Transboundary Shipment of Waste | 389 | ||
| Art. 759 Transboundary Shipment | 389 | ||
| Art. 760 Competent Authority | 390 | ||
| Art. 761 Cooperation by Other Authorities | 390 | ||
| Art. 762 Specifications for Transboundary Shipment | 390 | ||
| Art. 763 Reimportation | 391 | ||
| Art. 764 Security | 391 | ||
| Art. 765 Waste Repatriation Fund | 392 | ||
| Art. 766 Point of Contact | 393 | ||
| Art. 767 Authority to Enact Statutory Ordinances | 393 | ||
| Section Seven: Waste Charge | 394 | ||
| Art. 768 Waste Charge | 394 | ||
| Art. 769 Waste Liable to Charges | 394 | ||
| Art. 770 Liability for Charges | 394 | ||
| Art. 771 Charge Rate and Assessment Basis | 395 | ||
| Art. 772 Determination | 395 | ||
| Art. 773 Use of Revenue from Charges | 395 | ||
| Section Eight: Common Provisions | 396 | ||
| Art. 774 Administrative Offences | 396 | ||
| Art. 775 Transitional Provisions | 396 | ||
| Table of Statutes | 397 | ||
| Index | 403 |