Technological Innovation, Competitiveness, and Economic Growth
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Clauser, O., Kalmbach, P., Pegoretti, G., Segnana, L. (Eds.) (1992). Technological Innovation, Competitiveness, and Economic Growth. Duncker & Humblot. https://doi.org/10.3790/978-3-428-47627-5
Clauser, Onorio; Kalmbach, Peter; Pegoretti, Giovanni and Segnana, Luisa. Technological Innovation, Competitiveness, and Economic Growth. Duncker & Humblot, 1992. Book. https://doi.org/10.3790/978-3-428-47627-5
Clauser, O, Kalmbach, P, Pegoretti, G, Segnana, L (eds.) (1992): Technological Innovation, Competitiveness, and Economic Growth, Duncker & Humblot, [online] https://doi.org/10.3790/978-3-428-47627-5
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Technological Innovation, Competitiveness, and Economic Growth
Editors: Clauser, Onorio | Kalmbach, Peter | Pegoretti, Giovanni | Segnana, Luisa
Volkswirtschaftliche Schriften, Vol. 427
(1992)
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Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Contents | 5 | ||
| Onorio Clauser et al.: Introduction | 7 | ||
| A General Outlook | 7 | ||
| Innovation and Diffusion: Some Empirical Facts and Institutional Conditions | 11 | ||
| Technical Progress and Labour | 17 | ||
| Innovation Activities and International Competition | 23 | ||
| Technological Change and the Structure of the Economic System | 29 | ||
| References | 34 | ||
| I. Innovation and Diffusion: Some Empirical Facts and Institutional Conditions | 41 | ||
| Lothar Scholz: Technological Innovation in Industry: Conception and Results of Innovation Surveys | 41 | ||
| 1. A Critique of the Conventional Theory of Technical Progress | 41 | ||
| 2. Innovation Activities as Determinants of Technical Progress | 42 | ||
| 3. Development of Innovation Surveys | 43 | ||
| 4. Micro-Economic Results | 44 | ||
| 5. Macro-Economic Results | 46 | ||
| 6. International Comparisons | 49 | ||
| 7. Final Remarks | 52 | ||
| References | 53 | ||
| Wilhelmine Goldmann: Research and Development in Austria in an International Comparison | 55 | ||
| 1. The State of Research in the Fifties and Sixties | 55 | ||
| 1.1. Research Policies at Level Zero | 56 | ||
| 2. Austrian R&D Expenditure in an International Comparison | 57 | ||
| 2.1. General Trends | 57 | ||
| 2.2. Structural Frame of Research Expenditure | 57 | ||
| 2.3. The Government Sector (Public Financing of R&D) | 58 | ||
| 2.4. The Business Enterprise Sector: Finance and Performance | 60 | ||
| 2.5. The University Sector | 62 | ||
| 3. The Structure of Expenditure | 63 | ||
| 4. Conclusions for Austria | 67 | ||
| References | 68 | ||
| Kurt Hornschild: The Role of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in the Framework of Technology Conditioned Structural Changes | 69 | ||
| 1. Causes of Structural Change | 69 | ||
| 2. Technological Competitiveness Secures Position in World Trade | 71 | ||
| 3. The Role of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises | 75 | ||
| 4. Empirical Results of the Innovative Behaviour of SMEs | 78 | ||
| 5. Strategy and Technology-Conditioned Changes in Role Playing Between Large Enterprises and SMEs | 82 | ||
| 6. Closing Remarks | 83 | ||
| References | 85 | ||
| Raffaele Paci: Technological Innovation and International Competitiveness: The Cases of Germany and Italy | 87 | ||
| 1. Introduction | 87 | ||
| 2. A Brief Survey of the Literature | 88 | ||
| 3. The Specialization Indexes | 90 | ||
| 4. The Econometric Results | 93 | ||
| References | 100 | ||
| Patrizio Bianchi: Theory of the Firm, Innovative Processes and Institutional Change | 103 | ||
| 1. Introduction | 103 | ||
| 2. Theories of the Firm and Neo-Institutionalism | 104 | ||
| 3. Theories of Social Evolution | 106 | ||
| 4. Evolution of Social Relations and Institutional Change | 109 | ||
| 5. Public Policies, Institutional Change and Social Evolution | 111 | ||
| References | 114 | ||
| Werner Clement: Pattern Detection in Innovation Research | 117 | ||
| Discussion of the Papers by W. Goldmann, L. Scholz and P. Bianchi | 117 | ||
| References | 122 | ||
| II. Technical Progress and Labour | 123 | ||
| Paolo Pini: Macroeconomic Analysis of the Employment Effects of Technological Change: An Evaluation of the Links Between Theoretical Framework and Empirical Models | 125 | ||
| 1. Introduction | 125 | ||
| 2. Structure of a General Model and Compensation Effects | 126 | ||
| 3. Some Types of Aggregate Models | 133 | ||
| 4. Some Types of Multisectoral Model | 146 | ||
| 5. Conclusions | 163 | ||
| References | 165 | ||
| Peter Kalmbach: The Impact of New Technologies on Employment: The State of the Art and Perspectives for Research | 169 | ||
| Introduction | 169 | ||
| Different Dimensions of the Problem | 170 | ||
| The Determination of the Net-Employment Effect | 174 | ||
| Conclusions and Perspectives for Research | 180 | ||
| References | 182 | ||
| Riccardo Leoni: Quantitative and Qualitative Effects of Technological Innovations: Issues, Empirical Evidence and Implications | 185 | ||
| 1. Introduction | 185 | ||
| 2. Issues | 186 | ||
| 2.1. The Optimistic Thesis | 186 | ||
| 2.2. The Pessimistic Thesis | 188 | ||
| 2.3. The Neutral Thesis | 190 | ||
| 3. The Definition of Skill | 191 | ||
| 4. Empirical Evidence | 193 | ||
| 4.1. Quantitative Aspects | 193 | ||
| 4.2. A Brief Glance at the Production-Productivity-Employment Relationsbip | 197 | ||
| 4.3. The Impact of Technological Innovations on Required Skills | 198 | ||
| 4.4. The "Male-Chauvinist" Nature of New Technology | 202 | ||
| 4.5. The Effect of Microelectronics on Jobs | 205 | ||
| 5. Discussion and Conclusion | 208 | ||
| References | 210 | ||
| Paolo Piacentini: Capacity and Employment: Macroeconomic Implications of the Variability of the Age Structure of the Capital Stock | 213 | ||
| 1. Introduction | 213 | ||
| 2. Stylized Facts | 214 | ||
| 3. Analytical Suggestions from within a Vintage Production Framework | 217 | ||
| 4. Concluding Remarks | 225 | ||
| References | 226 | ||
| Luitpold Uhlmann: Technical Innovation and the Labour Market | 229 | ||
| Discussion of the Papers by P. Kalmbach and R. Leoni | 229 | ||
| III. Innovation Activities and International Competition | 233 | ||
| Ferdinando Targetti, Alessandro Foti: Growth and Technical Progress: Convergence or Divergence among Countries | 235 | ||
| 1. Introduction | 235 | ||
| 2. A Simple Framework | 235 | ||
| 3. Harrod | 236 | ||
| 4. The Neoclassical Model | 237 | ||
| 5. Endogenous Technical Progress | 238 | ||
| 6. Connections of Growth in Different Countries | 238 | ||
| 7. Theories of Cumulative Causation | 239 | ||
| 8. Limitations of the Model | 243 | ||
| 9. Catching up Theory | 243 | ||
| 10. Limitations of the Model | 245 | ||
| 11. Integration of the Three Forces Acting in the Two Models | 246 | ||
| 12. Each of the Three Forces has Two Regimes | 247 | ||
| 13. The Complexity of a Theoretical Model | 247 | ||
| 14. The Econometric Model | 248 | ||
| 15. OECD 1960-1973 | 249 | ||
| 16. OECD 1973-1985 | 249 | ||
| 17. C.U. Ranking and C.C. | 250 | ||
| 18. Latin America 1960-1973 | 252 | ||
| 19. Latin America 1973-1985 | 252 | ||
| 20. Latin America Before and After 1979 | 253 | ||
| 21. Conclusions | 253 | ||
| Appendix | 255 | ||
| Data Sources and Econometric Techniques | 261 | ||
| References | 262 | ||
| Gerhard Clemenz: International R&D Competition in Cournot Oligopolies | 265 | ||
| 1. Introduction | 265 | ||
| 2. The R&D Process | 267 | ||
| 2.1. Equilibria at Given Unit Costs | 267 | ||
| 2.2. Returns to R&D | 268 | ||
| 3. International R&D Competition | 272 | ||
| 3.1. International Duopolies | 272 | ||
| 3.2. Several Foreign Firms | 274 | ||
| 4. Some Policy Issues | 275 | ||
| 4.1. Gains From Trade | 275 | ||
| 4.2. Subsidies | 276 | ||
| 5. Concluding Remarks | 278 | ||
| Appendix | 279 | ||
| References | 279 | ||
| Francesco Pigliaru, Luisa Segnana: Spillovers, Localized Learning and Comparative Advantage | 281 | ||
| 1. Introduction | 281 | ||
| Part I | 283 | ||
| 2. Uneven Growth and Comparative Advantage | 283 | ||
| 3. Production | 285 | ||
| 4. Comparative Advantage | 287 | ||
| 5. Comparative Statics | 289 | ||
| Part II | 292 | ||
| 6. Institutional and Organizational Aspects of Comparative Advantages | 292 | ||
| 7. Institutional and Organizational Aspects of Learning Processes | 295 | ||
| 8. Policy Implications and Some Concluding Remarks | 300 | ||
| References | 302 | ||
| IV. Technological Change and the Structure of the Economic System | 305 | ||
| Gilberto Antonelli, Giovanni Pegoretti: Technological Change, Technological Systems, Factors of Production | 307 | ||
| 1. Introduction | 307 | ||
| 2. A General Reference Framework | 309 | ||
| 2.1. Scarcity, Variety of Natural Resources and Economic Systems | 310 | ||
| 2.2. Antagonism-Coexistence-Synergy Between Scarcity and Producibility | 312 | ||
| 2.3. Relative Scarcity and Focusing Devices | 313 | ||
| 3. Some Considerations on the Use of the Concept of System | 313 | ||
| 4. The Distinction Between Technological System and Production Techniques | 316 | ||
| 5. A Simplified Model | 320 | ||
| 6. Incomes, Final Demand and Activity Levels | 327 | ||
| 7. The Dynamics of the System | 328 | ||
| 8. Introduction of the New Technique | 332 | ||
| 9. The Diffusion of the New Technique | 334 | ||
| 10. The Price-Distribution System | 340 | ||
| 11. Comparison Between Economic Systems | 342 | ||
| 12. Some Reflections on Possible Uses of the Model | 343 | ||
| References | 345 | ||
| Bernhard Böhm, Lionello F. Punzo: Detecting Structural Change: A Scheme for the Comparison of Austria and Italy in the Seventies and Eighties | 347 | ||
| 1. Austria and Italy: Some Stylized Facts | 347 | ||
| 2. Preliminaries | 349 | ||
| 3. Two Viewpoints on Technical Change and Accumulation | 350 | ||
| 4. The Terminology and Data of the "Model" | 351 | ||
| 5. A State Space Framework | 353 | ||
| 6. Development Patterns and Structural Change | 355 | ||
| 7. Overall Development Patterns of Italy and Austria | 356 | ||
| 8. The Development Patterns of Industrial Sectors | 358 | ||
| References | 362 | ||
| Onorio Clauser, Geremia Gios, Roberta Raffaelli: Innovations Constrained by Scarce Resources | 375 | ||
| I. | 375 | ||
| II. | 375 | ||
| III. | 376 | ||
| IV. | 379 | ||
| V. | 380 | ||
| References | 381 | ||
| List of Speakers | 383 |