Biology, Culture, and Environmental Law
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McGuire, M., Rehbinder, M. (Eds.) (1993). Biology, Culture, and Environmental Law. Duncker & Humblot. https://doi.org/10.3790/978-3-428-47732-6
McGuire, Michael T. and Rehbinder, Manfred. Biology, Culture, and Environmental Law. Duncker & Humblot, 1993. Book. https://doi.org/10.3790/978-3-428-47732-6
McGuire, M, Rehbinder, M (eds.) (1993): Biology, Culture, and Environmental Law, Duncker & Humblot, [online] https://doi.org/10.3790/978-3-428-47732-6
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Biology, Culture, and Environmental Law
Editors: McGuire, Michael T. | Rehbinder, Manfred
Schriftenreihe zur Rechtssoziologie und Rechtstatsachenforschung, Vol. 73
(1993)
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Abstract
Mit der Begründung dieser Schriftenreihe im Jahre 1966 ging es dem Berliner Handels- und Wirtschaftsrechtler Ernst E. Hirsch, wie er damals schrieb, um den Nachweis, »daß die Wiederaufnahme der durch die nationalsozialistische Herrschaft unterbundenen Bemühungen von Arthur Nussbaum um Erforschung der Rechtstatsachen für eine Rechtswissenschaft stricto sensu ebenso unentbehrlich ist wie die im deutschen Rechtskreis von Eugen Ehrlich begründete, aber noch immer vor allem von Juristen teils abgelehnte, teils beargwöhnte Rechtssoziologie.« Entsprechend dieser (unveränderten) Aufgabenstellung ist die Schriftenreihe zum einen der Beschäftigung mit den Klassikern der Vergangenheit und ihrer Relevanz für das Heute und zum anderen aktuellen Fragestellungen der Gegenwart gewidmet.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Contents | 5 | ||
| Preface by Margaret Gruter | 7 | ||
| I. Introduction | 9 | ||
| Michael T. McGuire and Manfred Rehbinder: Can Biology Inform Environmental Law? | 9 | ||
| II. Theory and General Concepts | 17 | ||
| 1. Zdenek Madar: Environmental Protection: The Necessity of an Interdisciplinary Approach | 17 | ||
| I. Importance of the Interdisciplinary Approach in Scientific Research in General | 17 | ||
| II. Importance of Interdisciplinarity in the Field of Legal Protection of Environment | 19 | ||
| III. Conclusion | 25 | ||
| 2. Margaret Gruter: Ethology and Environmental Law | 27 | ||
| I. Species-Characteristic Behaviors and the Environment | 27 | ||
| 1. Self-interest | 28 | ||
| 2. Nepotism | 28 | ||
| 3. Reciprocity | 30 | ||
| 4. Indirect Reciprocity | 31 | ||
| II. Biology and Laws Dealing with Preservation to the Environment | 34 | ||
| 1. Public Education | 36 | ||
| 2. Laws with Harsh Penalities, Tempting Awards, and Attractive Subsidies | 37 | ||
| 3. Community-Support Systems | 38 | ||
| 4. Auctioning off the Environment | 38 | ||
| Ill. Reduced Competitiveness; Limited Environmental Density; and Ideological/Religious Solutions | 39 | ||
| IV. Conclusion | 40 | ||
| 3. Hans Rudolf Trüeb: Economics and the Environment: The Case For Tradeable Emission Permits | 43 | ||
| § 1 Introduction | 43 | ||
| § 2 Ecology and Economics: A Dangerous Liaison? | 45 | ||
| § 3 Of Commons, Coase and Clean Air | 49 | ||
| 3.1 The Invisible Hand, or: Doing What Comes Naturally | 49 | ||
| 3.2 Bargaining in the Shadow of the Smoke-Stack | 53 | ||
| 3.3 Beyond Command and Control | 54 | ||
| § 4 Tradeable Permits: A New Instrument in Environmental Policy | 58 | ||
| 4.1 The Idea... | 58 | ||
| 4.2 ...and Its Refinements | 60 | ||
| § 5 Collective Choice for Command and Control | 64 | ||
| 5.1 Pressure Groups and Environmental Policy | 65 | ||
| 5.2 Synopsis | 69 | ||
| § 6 Aphorisms to a Theory of Instrument Choice | 70 | ||
| 6.1 Environmental1ncidence | 71 | ||
| 6.2 Cost Savings: Facts and Illusions | 72 | ||
| 6.3 Organizational Viability: The Role of Certainty | 75 | ||
| 6.4 Distributional Effects and Equal Treatment | 77 | ||
| 6.5 Administrative Burden: Noble Dream or Nightmare? | 79 | ||
| 6.6 Enforcement and Compliance | 81 | ||
| 6.7 Public Opinion: A License to Pollute? | 82 | ||
| 6.8 Summary | 84 | ||
| § 7 Emissions Trading | 86 | ||
| 7.1 Regulatory Background | 86 | ||
| 7.2 EPA's «Final» Emissions Trading Policy | 87 | ||
| 7.3 Successes and Failures | 92 | ||
| § 8 Acid Rain Allowances | 94 | ||
| § 9 Tradeable Permits in Other Fields | 98 | ||
| § 10 Market-Based Approaches in European EnvironmentalLaw | 101 | ||
| 10.1 International Organizations | 101 | ||
| 10.2 Countries - Overview | 104 | ||
| 10.3 Germany | 106 | ||
| 10.4 Switzerland | 109 | ||
| § 11 Conclusion | 115 | ||
| 4. Michael T. McGuire: Environmental Protection, Improvement, and the Biology of Behavior | 117 | ||
| Introduction | 117 | ||
| 1. Background | 118 | ||
| 2. Human Investment and the Environment | 121 | ||
| 3. Possible Solutions | 129 | ||
| Conclusion | 131 | ||
| References and Notes | 131 | ||
| III. Western European Issues | 135 | ||
| 1. Ulf D. Lemor: Developments in the Field of Environmental Liability and Insurance Within the EEC and Especially in Germany | 135 | ||
| I. International developments | 135 | ||
| II. The problems of environmental impairment liability in Germany | 139 | ||
| III. The new pollution liability insurance concept | 145 | ||
| IV. Conclusion | 149 | ||
| 2. Michael Lehmann: The New German Act on Strict Liability for Environmental Damage. Some Internalization of Negative External Effects | 151 | ||
| I. Civil Liability Law as an Instrument of Internalization | 151 | ||
| II. History of the Development of the German Act on Strict Liability for Environmental Damage | 153 | ||
| III. Details of the New German Act on Strict Liability for Environmental Damage | 157 | ||
| IV. Summary | 159 | ||
| IV. Eastern European Issues | 161 | ||
| 1. Andras Sajo: Property Rights and Environmental Prospects in Post-Communism | 161 | ||
| I. | 164 | ||
| II. | 168 | ||
| III. | 179 | ||
| 2. Sergei Zalygin: Ecological Problems in the USSR, as Seen by the State and the Public | 189 | ||
| 3. A.S. Mishchenko: Experience from an Independant Examination of the Design Flood-Control Works in Leningrad (The Leningrad Dike) | 197 | ||
| 4. N.G. Minashina: Ecological State of the Soils in the Aral Basin: Sources-and Scope of the Crisis | 203 | ||
| 5. M.I. Zelikin and A.S. Demidov: The Aral Crisis and Departmental Interests | 209 | ||
| 6. B.V. Vinogradov: Ecological Crisis in the North-Western Caspian Area and an Agricultural and Ecological Alternative Program to Develop the Region | 213 | ||
| V. US-American Issues | 217 | ||
| 1. William H. Rodgers, Jr.: The Environmental Laws of the United States: Poison to be Shunned or Nourishment to be Embraced? | 217 | ||
| I. Introduction | 217 | ||
| II. Describing the U.S. Environmental Laws | 218 | ||
| III. Evaluating the U.S. Environmental Laws | 219 | ||
| 1. Prospective Regulation, Based upon best Technology | 220 | ||
| 2. Prospective Regulation, Based upon Risk Assessment | 221 | ||
| 3. Environmental Impact Assessment | 223 | ||
| 4. Strict, Joint, Several, and Retroactive Liability | 225 | ||
| 5. Integrated Pollution Control | 226 | ||
| 6. Controlling Environmental Risks through Economic Incentives | 228 | ||
| IV. Conclusion | 229 | ||
| 2. Susan Low Bloch: The Evolution of American Environmental Regulation: The Impact of Political Structure and Culture on the Substance of the Law | 231 | ||
| A. Forms o/Governmental Control | 232 | ||
| I. How clean do we want our environment to be and at what cost? | 232 | ||
| II. How do we get there? | 233 | ||
| 1. Command and Control Regulation | 233 | ||
| 2. Government Subsidization | 237 | ||
| 3. Pollution or Effluent Charges and Permits | 238 | ||
| 4. Common Problems in all these Approaches | 241 | ||
| Ill. Role of the National and State Governments | 242 | ||
| B. Experience afthe United States | 244 | ||
| I. Structural Constraints | 244 | ||
| II. The Evolution of Regulation in the United States | 247 | ||
| III. Understanding the Factors that influenced this Evolution | 255 | ||
| Conclusion | 260 | ||
| VI. Final Remarks | 261 | ||
| Michael T. McGuire: Modeling Legal Compliance for Environmental Law Using Concepts from Biology | 261 | ||
| 1. The range of answers | 261 | ||
| 2. Modeling legal compliance | 263 | ||
| 3. Conclusion | 268 |