Protectionism or Liberalism in International Economic Relations?
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Dams, T., Matsugi, T. (Eds.) (1991). Protectionism or Liberalism in International Economic Relations?. Current Issues in Japan and Germany. Duncker & Humblot. https://doi.org/10.3790/978-3-428-47105-8
Dams, Theodor and Matsugi, Takashi. Protectionism or Liberalism in International Economic Relations?: Current Issues in Japan and Germany. Duncker & Humblot, 1991. Book. https://doi.org/10.3790/978-3-428-47105-8
Dams, T, Matsugi, T (eds.) (1991): Protectionism or Liberalism in International Economic Relations?: Current Issues in Japan and Germany, Duncker & Humblot, [online] https://doi.org/10.3790/978-3-428-47105-8
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Protectionism or Liberalism in International Economic Relations?
Current Issues in Japan and Germany
Editors: Dams, Theodor | Matsugi, Takashi
Schriften zu Regional- und Verkehrsproblemen in Industrie- und Entwicklungsländern, Vol. 50
(1991)
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Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Editors’ Foreword | 5 | ||
| Table of Contents | 7 | ||
| Oliver Landmann: Is there a Macroeconomic Case for Protection? | 9 | ||
| 1. Introduction: The rise of protectionism | 9 | ||
| 2. International competitiveness and the balance of trade in the medium term | 13 | ||
| 3. Short-run effects of commercial policy under flexible exchange rates | 19 | ||
| 4. Summary and conclusions | 27 | ||
| References | 30 | ||
| Takashi Matsugi: The Industrial Policy of Japan | 33 | ||
| 1. Introduction | 33 | ||
| 2. A brief survey of Japanese industrial policy in 1960-1980 | 33 | ||
| 2.1. Active investments in plant and equipment in the time of rapid economic growth | 34 | ||
| 2.2. Pollution as a price for economic growth | 35 | ||
| 2.3. Energy saving efforts after the oil shock in 1973 | 35 | ||
| 3. The recent policy stance of MITI | 36 | ||
| 4. Import promotion and related problems | 39 | ||
| 4.1. Changing roles of trade in Japanese economic development | 39 | ||
| 4.2. The changing paradigm of trade | 42 | ||
| 5. Agricultural policy up to the year 2000 | 43 | ||
| 5.1. Re-view of agricultural policy up to 1980 | 43 | ||
| 5.2. Basic direction of agricultural policies in the 1980s | 44 | ||
| 5.3. Basic direction of agricultural policies towards the 21st century | 45 | ||
| 6. Concluding remarks | 46 | ||
| References | 47 | ||
| Masanao Itoh: The Abandonment of the Gold Standard and Foreign Exchange / Tariff Policy – The Economic Lessons of the Great Depression in the Case of Japan – | 49 | ||
| 1. Preface | 49 | ||
| 2. The impact of the economic crisis (1930-31) in Japan | 49 | ||
| 3. Rapid recovery from the crisis | 51 | ||
| 4. The effect of economic policies on the recovery | 52 | ||
| 4.1. Foreign exchange policy | 52 | ||
| 4.2. Tariff policy | 53 | ||
| 4.3. Financial/monetary policy | 54 | ||
| References | 55 | ||
| Ryuhei Okumura: Real and Monetary Shocks in a Dynamic Two-Country Model | 67 | ||
| 1. lntroduction | 67 | ||
| 2. The model | 68 | ||
| 2.1. The framework of the model | 68 | ||
| 2.2. Households | 69 | ||
| 2.3. Government | 71 | ||
| 2.4. Market equilibrium | 72 | ||
| 3. Analysis | 73 | ||
| 3.1. Solution of the utility maximization problem | 73 | ||
| 3.2. The stationary state | 75 | ||
| 3.3. Effects of real and monetary shocks | 76 | ||
| 3.4. Capital flows and international indebtedness | 79 | ||
| 4. Concluding remarks | 81 | ||
| Appendix | 82 | ||
| a) Monetary shock | 82 | ||
| b) Real shock | 83 | ||
| Literature | 84 | ||
| Alois Oberhauser: International Capital Movements and Distribution of Income | 89 | ||
| 1. Problem | 89 | ||
| 2. Factors determining international capital movement | 90 | ||
| 3. Types of distributional effects | 91 | ||
| 4. Distributional effects of net capital exports with given terms of trade | 93 | ||
| 5. Distributional effects of changing terms of trade | 97 | ||
| 6. Returns from foreign wealth and domestic distribution of income | 101 | ||
| 7. Results and distributional conclusions | 103 | ||
| References | 105 | ||
| Bernd Rohwer: International Competition among Tax Systems? The Significance of Corporate Taxation for International Investment Decisions | 107 | ||
| 1. Preface | 107 | ||
| 2. Comparison of corporate taxation in selected industrial countries | 108 | ||
| 2.1. Basic problems | 108 | ||
| 2.2. Empirical findings for selected industrial nations | 108 | ||
| 3. Factors influencing the choice of location of international direct investments | 113 | ||
| 4. Results and conclusions | 123 | ||
| References | 124 | ||
| Tsuyoshi Kanegae: Segregation between Long-term and Short-term Finance – A Topic Concerning Financial Liberalization in Japan – | 127 | ||
| 1. lntroduction | 127 | ||
| 2. Historical background of the segregation system - An analysis of the traditional system of specialized financial institutions in Japan | 129 | ||
| 2.1. The establishment of "special banks" for long-term credit | 129 | ||
| 2.2. The system of the long-term credit banks | 130 | ||
| 3. Theoretical background of the segregation system - "Commercial banking principle" - | 131 | ||
| 4. Brief overview of the systems in western developed countries | 132 | ||
| 4.1. Italy | 133 | ||
| 4.2. France | 133 | ||
| 4.3. England | 134 | ||
| 4.4. West Germany | 134 | ||
| 4.5. The United States | 135 | ||
| 5. Present situation of the segregation system in Japan - The problems in the banking practices | 135 | ||
| 5.1. The increased similarity of the two types of banks | 136 | ||
| 5.2. The imbalance between the terms of sources and uses of funds | 137 | ||
| 6. Controversies on the merits and demerits of the segregation system - Discussions at the Committee on Financial System Research | 137 | ||
| 6.1. Background factors of the controversies | 137 | ||
| 6.2. The reports of the Committee of Financial System Research | 138 | ||
| 6.3. Opinions of the ordinary banks and the LTCBs | 140 | ||
| 7. Prospects of the segregation system in search of a better system for the national economy (conclusions) | 141 | ||
| 7.1. The summary of the study | 141 | ||
| 7.2. Conclusions | 142 | ||
| References | 144 | ||
| Theodor Dams: On the Connection Between Economy and Ecology in International Economic Relations | 145 | ||
| 1. The old issue of welfare economics | 145 | ||
| 2. The new dimension in the ecological issue | 146 | ||
| 3. Classification of external effects | 146 | ||
| 4. Ecological aspects of international trade in goods and services | 148 | ||
| 5. World-wide industrialization and ecological impact | 149 | ||
| 6. International trade in agricultural products | 150 | ||
| 7. International movements of capital with respect to ecological aspects | 151 | ||
| 8. Ecological impact of development projects | 152 | ||
| 9. Public goods within the frame of international economic relations | 152 | ||
| 10. Resource exhaustion from an international viewpoint | 153 | ||
| 11. Concluding remarks | 153 | ||
| References | 155 | ||
| Yuko Arayama: Rate of Protection and Returns to Farm Work: Dynamic Aspects of Price Support Policies | 159 | ||
| 1. Introduction | 159 | ||
| 2. Theoretical framework | 160 | ||
| 3. Cost of production | 165 | ||
| 4. Protection and rate of return to farm work | 166 | ||
| 5. Protectionism or liberalization | 169 | ||
| References | 170 | ||
| Wolfgang Hilke: Financial Assistance Available for Setting up Business in the Federal Republic of Germany | 171 | ||
| 1. Introduction | 171 | ||
| 2. General terms and conditions for granting financial aid | 172 | ||
| 3. Credits available for setting up in business | 174 | ||
| 3.1. Federal ERP /und ("Start-Up Program") | 174 | ||
| 3.2. Supplementary Program I of the Deutsche Ausgleichsbank (DAB) | 176 | ||
| 3.3. Landeskreditbank (Regional State Credit Bank, LKB program 1) | 177 | ||
| 4. Equity assistances for setting-up | 179 | ||
| 4.1. Equity assistance loans, DAB | 179 | ||
| 4.2. Participation capital from capital participation companies | 184 | ||
| 5. Non-repayable subsidies for new businesses | 186 | ||
| 6. Cumulation possibilities | 189 | ||
| References | 189 | ||
| Eiji Ogawa: The Governmental Policy of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises in Japan | 191 | ||
| 1. A short history of the SMEs (small and medium-sized enterprises) policy of Japan | 191 | ||
| 2. Internationalization and Japanese SMEs | 193 | ||
| 3. The governmental policy for the SMEs engaging in textile production | 195 | ||
| 4. Outlines of the current policy for SMEs | 197 | ||
| 5. Summary | 198 | ||
| References | 199 | ||
| Ralf-Bodo Schmidt: Planning Efficiency as a Basis of Entrepreneurial Decisions – Common Elements in the Light of Divergent Economic Policy | 201 | ||
| 1. The thesis | 201 | ||
| 2. Fundamental terms | 201 | ||
| 3. lmportant details | 202 | ||
| 4. Conclusions | 206 | ||
| Tamiki Kishida: Paradox and Organization – Liberalism and Conservatism in Organization – | 207 | ||
| 1. Introduction | 207 | ||
| 2. Ambivalence in organization | 209 | ||
| 3. Paradox and organization design | 214 | ||
| 4. Paradox and organizational change | 216 | ||
| 4.1. Framework | 216 | ||
| 4.2. Behavior-structure paradox | 217 | ||
| a) Comparative analysis | 217 | ||
| b) Relational analysis | 218 | ||
| c) Dynamic analysis | 218 | ||
| d) Conceptual analysis | 219 | ||
| 4.3. lnternal-external paradox | 219 | ||
| a) Comparative analysis | 219 | ||
| b) Relational analysis | 220 | ||
| c) Dynamic analysis | 220 | ||
| d) Conceptual analysis | 220 | ||
| 4.4. Stability-instability paradox | 221 | ||
| a) Comparative analysis | 221 | ||
| b) Relational analysis | 221 | ||
| c) Dynamic analysis | 221 | ||
| d) Conceptual analysis | 221 | ||
| 5. Concluding remarks | 222 | ||
| References | 224 | ||
| Contributors | 225 |