The Civilian Tradition and Scots Law

doi:10.3790/978-3-428-49011-0

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Carey Miller, D., Zimmermann, R. (Eds.) (1997). The Civilian Tradition and Scots Law. Aberdeen Quincentenary Essays. Duncker & Humblot. https://doi.org/10.3790/978-3-428-49011-0

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The Civilian Tradition and Scots Law

Aberdeen Quincentenary Essays

Editors: Carey Miller, David L. | Zimmermann, Reinhard

Schriften zur Europäischen Rechts- und Verfassungsgeschichte, Vol. 20

(1997)

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Book Details

Publisher Name: Duncker & Humblot
ISBN: 978-3-428-49011-0
978-3-428-09011-2 (print edition)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3790/978-3-428-49011-0
Edition: 1
Language: English
Pages: 394
Collections: NBE HIST
NBE RECHT
NBE D&H
Subjects: Legal history

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Institution: € 136.00 (incl. local VAT if applicable)
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Abstract

On 10 February 1995 the University of Aberdeen celebrated its quincentenary. On that day in 1495 Pope Alexander VI had issued to Bishop William Elphinstone the founding Bull giving authority for the teaching of theology, Canon and civil law, medicine and the liberal arts. In the case of law, it was decided to mark the quincentenary by holding a symposium which would reflect upon the character and influence of the civilian tradition with special emphasis on Scotland. Scholars from Scotland, England, the Netherlands and Germany were asked to deliver papers on various aspects within the general theme: to identifying the impact of Roman law, Canon law and the subsequent ius commune across Europe, taking stock of the significance of the civilian tradition thus established in the modern national legal systems and assessing its relevance within the law of the European Union. These papers are published in the present volume. They offer a wide range of stimulating insights into the growth and the present state of the European legal tradition.

Section Title	Page	Action	Price
Preface	5
Summary of Contents	7
Table of Contents	9
Abbreviations	15
Introduction	17
David L. Carey Miller: A Scottish Celebration of the European Legal Tradition	19
I. Introduction	19
II. Where the Civilian Tradition Stands	21
1. Cultural Identity	22
2. Terminology, Labels and Maxims	24
3. Foundation Influence	26
4. Substantial Reception	33
III. The Dynamic of Scots Law	45
IV. Conclusion	49
Hector L. MacQueen: The Foundation of Law Teaching at the University of Aberdeen	53
I. The Elphinstonian Foundation	53
II. Law Teaching in King’s College 1514 – ca. 1700	60
III. The Background to Law Teaching in Aberdeen	63
IV. The Civil Law Tradition in Medieval Scotland	69
Looking Back: The Influence of Roman Law and Roman Legal Thinking in Europe	73
Peter G. Stein: The Medieval Rediscovery of the Roman Civil Law	75
I. Introduction	75
II. Roman Law in the Early Middle Ages	76
III. The Recovery of the Digest	77
1. The Discovery of the Digest	77
2. The Teaching of the Digest	79
IV. The Law School Becomes a University	80
V. The Effect of the Glossators on Roman Law	82
1. The Structure of Teaching at Bologna	82
2. Explaining the Texts	83
VI. Post-Glossatorial Developments	85
1. The Influence of Bologna	85
2. The Commentators	85
David Johnston: The General Influence of Roman Institutions of State and Public Law	87
I. Introduction	87
II. lus publicum	88
1. Classical Roman Law	88
2. The Later Development of ius publicum	89
3. Summary	90
III. Institutional and Constitutional Questions	91
1. Sovereignty and the Power of the Emperor	91
2. General Theories of imperium and iurisdictio in Classical Roman law	92
(a) Imperium	92
(b) Iurisdictio	93
(c) Conclusions	94
3. The Later Development of Public Law Concepts – Use of the Roman Texts and Terms	95
4. Bartolus	97
5. Jean Bodin	99
IV. Conclusions	100
Robert Feenstra: The Development of European Private Law: A Romanist Watershed?	103
I. Introduction	103
II. The bona fide Buyer of Moveable Property	106
1. Early Germanic Law	107
2. The Later Middle Ages	107
III. The European Science of Private Law	111
1. Starting Points of the European Science of Private Law	111
2. Other Watersheds	112
(a) Legal Humanism	113
(b) Natural Law	114
IV. Conclusions	115
J. J. Robertson: The Canon Law Vehicle of Civilian Influence with Particular Reference to Scotland	117
I. Introduction	117
II. The Scottish Dimension	118
III. Canonical Procedure in Scotland	118
IV. Scotland and the Sacra Romana Rota	121
V. Conclusion	125
Appendix 1	126
Appendix 2	129
William M. Gordon: A Comparison of the Influence of Roman Law in England and Scotland	135
I. Introduction	135
II. Roman Law	136
1. Roman Law and Civil Law	136
2. The Civilian Tradition	137
III. Scotland	139
1. Early Scots Law	139
2. The Institutional Period	140
3. The Effect of the Union with England	140
4. The European Union	142
IV. England	142
1. English Law in Splendid Isolation?	142
2. The Use of Civil Law in England	143
3. Legal Education and Interest in Civilian Ideas	144
V. Conclusion	147
W. D. H. Sellar: The Resilience of the Scottish Common Law	149
I. The Emergence of a Scottish Common Law	149
II. The Symbolism of the Crown	151
III. Scottish Common Law and English Common Law	153
IV. Scottish Common Law and Celtic Customary Law	156
V. The Influence of Canon Law and Civil Law	157
VI. Sir John Skene’s Views on the Scottish Common Law	159
VII. Thomas Craig and His Views on the Scottish Common Law	160
1. Scottish Common Law and English Common Law	160
2. Feudal Law and Civil Law	161
3. The Hierarchy of Sources	162
Taking Stock: The Significance of the Civilian Tradition in England, Scotland, and Continental Europe	165
Peter B. H. Birks: More Logic and Less Experience: The Difference between Scots Law and English Law	167
I. Instability and Indifference to Classification	167
II. The Scottish Institutional Tradition	171
III. Lists of Actions	175
IV. The Roman Response	179
V. The English Response	180
VI. The English Overview Tradition	181
VII. Seven Foundations	185
VIII. Reviving Knowledge of the Roman Institutional Scheme	188
John W. Cairns: The Civil Law Tradition in Scottish Legal Thought	191
I. Introduction	191
II. The Middle Ages to the 16th Century	196
III. The 17th Century	200
1. Sir Thomas Craig	200
2. Viscount Stair	204
3. Sir George Mackenzie	207
IV. The 18th Century	212
1. John Spotswood	212
2. John Cuninghame	213
3. Alexander Bayne	214
4. William Forbes	217
5. Lord Bankton	217
6. John Erskine	218
V. Conclusion: From Practical to Educational Value	220
Alan Rodger: The Use of the Civil Law in Scottish Courts	225
I. Introduction	225
II. The 19th Century	226
III. Individual Contributions	227
IV. Civilian Aspects of Scots Law	230
V. The South African Way	232
VI. Civilian Texts and the Courts’ Decisions	233
VII. Brocards and Maxims	234
VIII. Classical Roman Law	236
Daniel Visser: Placing the Civilian Influence in Scotland: A Roman-Dutch Perspective	239
I. Through Panes of Slightly Irregular Glass, Or: Can the Civil Law Influence in Scotland and South Africa Be Compared?	239
II. The Structure of Scots and South African Law	241
1. Institutional Writings as a Source of Law	241
2. Content-Based Reasons	244
(a) The Morgan Guaranty Case	245
(b) The Willis Faber Case	247
3. Content-Independent Reasons – South Africa	248
4. Content-Independent Reasons – Scotland	252
5. Summary	252
III. The Effect of the Structure of the Law on its Development	253
1. Mixed Legal Systems	253
2. The Effect of the Complex Component Structure – South Africa	254
3. The Effect of the Complex Component Structure – Scotland	255
IV. And What About the Future?	256
Reinhard Zimmermann: The Civil Law in European Codes	259
I. The European Codes: Background and Significance	259
II. Civil Law and the Civilian Tradition	262
1. The Meaning of Civil Law	262
2. Characteristic Features of the Civil Law	263
3. Civil Law and Civil Code	264
III. Roman Roots I: Common Origins	267
IV. Roman Roots II: Two Sets of Rules	268
1. Duties and Liability of a Seller	268
2. Breach of Contract	269
3. Initial Impossibility of Performance	270
V. Roman Roots III: Interpreting the Sources	271
1. Vicarious Liability	272
2. Transfer of Ownership and Payment of Purchase Price	273
VI. Roman Roots IV: Different Layers of Tradition	274
1. The Abstract and the Causal System	274
2. The Consensual System	275
VII. Roman Roots V: More Ambiguity	276
1. Mora Creditoris	276
2. Set-off	277
VIII. The Process of Generalization	278
1. The Evolution of the Law of Delict	279
2. The Evolution of the Law of Contract	281
3. The Evolution of the Law of Unjustified Enrichment	282
IX. The Ambivalence of Generalization	283
1. Specific Performance	284
2. Contracts in Favour of Third Parties	284
X. Intellectual Unity Beyond Codification	285
1. Roman Law, Natural Law and Pandectist Legal Science	285
2. Factors Counterbalancing the Nationalistic Isolation	287
XI. New Legal Rules	289
XII. Main Features of a European Law of Obligations	290
Jeroen M. J. Chorus: Civilian Elements in European Civil Procedure	295
I. Common Historical Roots	295
II. Recent Steps Towards Harmonization	296
1. Harmonization of Procedural Law within the European Union	296
2. Civilian and Common Law Procedure	297
III. Civilian Stock in European Civil Procedure	300
1. Characteristics of Civilian Procedure	300
2. Draft Rules of the Storme Working Group	303
IV. Conclusion	305
The Future: The Civilian Tradition in European Community Law	307
David A. O. Edward: The Role and Relevance of the Civil Law Tradition in the Work of the European Court of Justice	309
I. Introduction	309
II. Why the Civil Law is Not an Influence	310
III. The Brussels Convention on Jurisdiction and the Recognition and Enforcement of Judgments	311
IV. The Real Civilian Influence	315
1. System and Coherence	316
2. Obligations, Rights and Remedies	318
V. Conclusion	320
John A. Usher: The Influence of the Civil Law, via Modern Legal Systems, on European Community Law	321
I. Introduction	321
II. A Law for Citizens?	322
III. Style and Nature of E.C. Law	325
IV. Property Rights	327
1. Possession and Ownership	327
2. Extent and Restrictions	328
V. Contract and Delict	332
1. Contractual Liability	332
2. Non-Contractual (Delictual?) Liability	334
3. Fault	336
VI. National Influence on E.C. Legislation	338
1. General	338
2. Companies	339
VII. Judicial Process and Organization	344
1. Court Structures and Remedies	344
2. Precedent	346
3. General Principles – Legal Professional Privilege	347
VIII. Conclusions	350
Lord Mackenzie-Stuart: The Development of Civil Law Principles at the National and Community Level: Achieving a Balance	351
I. Introduction	351
II. Civil Law and Public Law	352
III. The Problems as Seen in 1973	353
1. Civilian and Common Law Systems	353
2. Dissenting Opinions	355
3. The Advocate General	357
4. Rights of Audience	358
5. Precedent	359
6. Judicial Style	360
IV. Administrative Law	360
1. Recent Developments in England	360
2. The European Sources of Administrative Law	361
3. European Principles and the English Courts	362
V. Conclusion	364
Table of Cases	367
Index	371
List of Contributors	393

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The Civilian Tradition and Scots Law

Aberdeen Quincentenary Essays

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