The Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions for the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts and the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea: Repercussions on the Law of Naval Warfare
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The Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions for the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts and the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea: Repercussions on the Law of Naval Warfare
Report to the Committee for the Protection of Human Life in Armed Conflicts of the International Society for Military Law and Law of War
Veröffentlichungen des Walther-Schücking-Instituts für Internationales Recht an der Universität Kiel, Vol. 90
(1984)
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Table of Contents
Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
---|---|---|---|
Prefatory Note | 5 | ||
Table of Contents | 7 | ||
Abbreviations | 10 | ||
I. Introduction | 11 | ||
II. Armed Conflict at Sea in general | 20 | ||
1. National Liberation Movements and Warships | 20 | ||
2. Perfidy and Ruses of War | 24 | ||
3. Normal Mode of Navigation for Submarines | 27 | ||
III. Area of Naval Operations | 31 | ||
1. Territorial Sea | 31 | ||
2. Archipelagic Waters | 32 | ||
3. Exclusive Economic Zone | 33 | ||
4. International Straits | 38 | ||
a) Transit Passage | 38 | ||
b) Long-Standing Treaty Regime | 49 | ||
5. Archipelagic Sea Lanes | 53 | ||
6. Deep Sea Bed and Ocean Floor | 53 | ||
7. Self-Defense in Neutral Waters | 54 | ||
IV. Scope of Application of Protocol I | 57 | ||
1. Textual Interpretation of Art. 49 | 57 | ||
2. Preparatory Work | 61 | ||
V. Attacks from the Sea against Objectives on Land | 67 | ||
1. Prohibitions and Restrictions | 67 | ||
2. Use of Nuclear Weapons | 71 | ||
VI. Imposition of a Blockade | 80 | ||
1. Legal Regime | 81 | ||
2. State Practice | 83 | ||
a) World War I | 83 | ||
b) World War II | 87 | ||
3. Protocol I | 90 | ||
a) Relief Actions | 90 | ||
b) Starvation of Civilians | 93 | ||
VII. Control of Contraband | 95 | ||
1. Legal Regime | 95 | ||
2. State Practice | 96 | ||
a) World War I | 96 | ||
b) World War II | 99 | ||
3. Protocol I | 99 | ||
VIII. Submarine Warfare | 102 | ||
1. Legal Regime | 102 | ||
2. State Practice | 103 | ||
a) World War I | 103 | ||
b) World War II | 107 | ||
3. Protocol I | 108 | ||
IX. Mine Warfare | 112 | ||
1. Legal Regime | 113 | ||
2. State Practice | 117 | ||
a) World War I | 117 | ||
b) World War II | 119 | ||
3. Law of the Sea Convention | 120 | ||
4. Protocol I | 127 | ||
a) Applicability | 127 | ||
b) Prohibitions and Restrictions | 130 | ||
c) Atomic Mines | 131 | ||
X. Other Measures against Maritime Commerce | 132 | ||
1. Capture and Destruction of Enemy Property | 132 | ||
2. Right of Angary | 133 | ||
3. Unneutral Service | 134 | ||
XI. Immunity of Ships, Aircraft and other Vessels | 135 | ||
1. Legal Regime | 135 | ||
2. Protocol I | 136 | ||
a) Ships and Vessels | 136 | ||
b) Medical Aircraft | 137 | ||
XII. Protection of the Marine Environment | 139 | ||
1. Protocol I | 139 | ||
a) Relationship between Art. 35 and 55 | 140 | ||
b) Meaning of “widespread”, “long-term” and “severe” | 141 | ||
2. Nuclear, Chemical and Biological Weapons | 143 | ||
3. Destruction of Nuclear Submarines | 143 | ||
4. Torpedoing of Supertankers | 147 | ||
5. Attacks on Off-Shore Oil Installations | 151 | ||
XIII. Reprisals | 154 | ||
1. Legal Regime | 154 | ||
2. State Practice | 154 | ||
a) World War I | 154 | ||
b) World War II | 157 | ||
3. Protocol I | 159 | ||
XIV. Conclusion | 163 |