Professional Guilds and the History of Insurance
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Hellwege, P. (Ed.) (2020). Professional Guilds and the History of Insurance. A Comparative Analysis. Duncker & Humblot. https://doi.org/10.3790/978-3-428-58071-2
Hellwege, Phillip. Professional Guilds and the History of Insurance: A Comparative Analysis. Duncker & Humblot, 2020. Book. https://doi.org/10.3790/978-3-428-58071-2
Hellwege, P (ed.) (2020): Professional Guilds and the History of Insurance: A Comparative Analysis, Duncker & Humblot, [online] https://doi.org/10.3790/978-3-428-58071-2
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Professional Guilds and the History of Insurance
A Comparative Analysis
Editors: Hellwege, Phillip
(2020)
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Abstract
German literature claims that modern insurance (law) has three roots: marine insurance, the co-operative protection provided by medieval and early modern guilds, and state-run insurance schemes. By contrast, English scholars suggest that there is only one root for modern insurance (law): marine insurance (law). The literature on the developments in other European countries follows similar narratives. It seems that in these countries, guilds have had no influence on the formation of insurance. The aim of the present volume is to test these different narratives. More specifically, the objective is to assess from a comparative perspective (i) whether it is possible to analyse in terms of insurance the support offered by medieval and early modern professional guilds to members in need and (ii) whether guild support had a lasting impact on the development of modern insurance and insurance law. To this end, the present volume covers various European countries followed by a comparative analysis.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Preface | 5 | ||
| Summary of Contents | 7 | ||
| Phillip Hellwege; Chapter 1: Introduction | 9 | ||
| A. Professional guilds and the history of insurance | 9 | ||
| B. The state of research on guild support | 10 | ||
| C. Defining the research object | 15 | ||
| D. Methodological problems | 19 | ||
| Dirk Heirbaut; Chapter 2: Mutual Aid in the Craft Guilds of the Late Medieval and Early Modern Southern Netherlands (Belgium) | 21 | ||
| A. Introduction: a historiographical gap | 21 | ||
| B. The diversity of guild solidarity | 26 | ||
| C. Guild solidarity as a mark of social status | 29 | ||
| D. Sources of revenue | 32 | ||
| E. Allowances and other forms of mutual aid | 36 | ||
| F. Guild solidarity and religion | 41 | ||
| G. Conclusion | 45 | ||
| Maarten Prak; Chapter 3: Guilds and Mutual Aid in the Northern Netherlands | 47 | ||
| A. Introduction | 47 | ||
| B. The emergence of guild mutual aid | 50 | ||
| C. Scale of guild coverage in the 17th and 18th centuries | 52 | ||
| D. Scope of guild insurance in the 17th and 18th centuries | 56 | ||
| E. Alternative forms of mutual insurance before and after the abolition of the guilds (1820) | 60 | ||
| F. Conclusion | 61 | ||
| Phillip Hellwege; Chapter 4: Professional Guilds and the History of Social Security and Insurance in the German-Speaking World | 63 | ||
| A. Introduction | 63 | ||
| B. Guild support from the Middle Ages to the 17th century | 64 | ||
| I. Supporting master craftsmen and their families | 64 | ||
| II. Supporting journeymen | 70 | ||
| III. Supporting miners and their families | 74 | ||
| IV. Conclusion | 78 | ||
| C. Guild support and insurance in the 17th and 18th centuries | 79 | ||
| I. Supporting craftsmen and their families | 79 | ||
| II. Supporting miners and their families | 84 | ||
| III. Contextualizing the process of transformation | 84 | ||
| IV. Conclusion | 88 | ||
| D. The evolution of Germany’s modern social security schemes in the 19th century | 88 | ||
| I. The crafts | 89 | ||
| II. The mining sector | 90 | ||
| III. Factory workers | 91 | ||
| IV. Poor relief and municipal health insurance funds | 92 | ||
| V. Conclusion | 93 | ||
| VI. Bismarck’s social security legislation | 94 | ||
| E. Guild support and modern insurance? | 96 | ||
| F. Conclusion | 97 | ||
| Patrick Wallis; Chapter 5: Guilds and Mutual Aid in England | 99 | ||
| A. Introduction | 99 | ||
| B. Guilds and mutual insurance | 103 | ||
| C. Guilds and charity | 109 | ||
| D. Guilds and friendly societies | 113 | ||
| E. Conclusion | 118 | ||
| Appendix: London guild ordinances | 120 | ||
| Martin Sunnqvist; Chapter 6: Scandinavia | 123 | ||
| A. Introduction | 123 | ||
| I. Merchants’ and craft guilds | 123 | ||
| II. The transfer of guilds to Scandinavia | 124 | ||
| B. Fire insurance | 125 | ||
| I. Guilds of St. Canute and St. Eric | 125 | ||
| II. Craft guilds | 126 | ||
| III. Guilds in the countryside | 127 | ||
| C. Maritime insurance | 127 | ||
| I. Guilds of St. Canute | 127 | ||
| II. Specific maritime insurance | 128 | ||
| 1. Skippers’ guilds | 128 | ||
| 2. The maritime insurance of the skippers’ guild in Flensburg | 129 | ||
| D. Poverty and funeral insurance | 129 | ||
| I. Denmark-Norway | 129 | ||
| II. Sweden | 131 | ||
| E. Concluding remarks | 131 | ||
| David Deroussin; Chapter 7: Guilds, Confraternities and Mutual Assistance in France | 133 | ||
| A. Introduction | 133 | ||
| B. Methodological observations | 136 | ||
| I. Guilds, confraternities, and three resulting methodological problems | 136 | ||
| II. The lack of primary sources | 138 | ||
| III. Professional and religious confraternities | 139 | ||
| IV. The relationship between guilds and confraternities | 140 | ||
| C. Forms of support, covered risks, and the requirements for support | 143 | ||
| I. Support relating to the religious dimensions of confraternities | 144 | ||
| II. Support in the case of illness and poverty | 145 | ||
| III. Support in other cases | 148 | ||
| IV. Four final remarks | 149 | ||
| 1. The problem of moral hazard | 149 | ||
| 2. The practical importance of support granted by confraternities | 149 | ||
| 3. Risks related to professional activities | 150 | ||
| 4. Parallels to 19th-century mutual benefit societies | 151 | ||
| D. Financing the support schemes | 151 | ||
| I. Fines and penalties | 152 | ||
| II. Admission fees | 153 | ||
| III. Periodical contributions | 154 | ||
| IV. Summary | 156 | ||
| E. Charity, assistance, or insurance? | 157 | ||
| I. Differences between modern insurance and confraternity support with respect to the finances | 158 | ||
| II. Differences between modern insurance and confraternity support with respect to beneficiaries of support | 159 | ||
| III. Financial support granted in the form of a loan | 161 | ||
| F. Conclusion | 162 | ||
| Marina Gazzini; Chapter 8: Guilds and Mutual Support in Medieval Italy | 165 | ||
| A. Introduction | 165 | ||
| B. Terminological observations and geographical limitations | 167 | ||
| C. The need for security: an aspiration long neglected by historians | 173 | ||
| D. Mutual support in medieval Italian guilds and confraternities | 175 | ||
| I. Legal, economic and political risks in urban and rural contexts | 177 | ||
| II. The financial risk of old age | 181 | ||
| III. Confraternities for disabled people – disability and infirmity in medieval society | 182 | ||
| IV. Guilds and medieval hospitals | 184 | ||
| E. Mututal support, crypto-insurance and charity | 187 | ||
| F. Towards the modern age – between continuity and discontinuity | 189 | ||
| José A. Nieto Sánchez and Victoria López Barahona; Chapter 9: Guilds, Confraternities and Mutual Support in Medieval and Early Modern Spain | 193 | ||
| A. Introduction | 193 | ||
| B. Professional confraternities from the Middle Ages to the 16th century | 195 | ||
| C. Guilds and confraternities in the early modern period | 200 | ||
| D. Mutual aid brotherhoods in the early modern period | 207 | ||
| E. The reform of confraternities | 211 | ||
| F. Conclusions | 214 | ||
| Jakub Pokoj; Chapter 10: Guilds and Mutual Protection Schemes in Poland in the Medieval and Early Modern Periods | 217 | ||
| A. Introduction | 217 | ||
| B. Terminological observations | 217 | ||
| C. The first guilds in Poland and their functions regarding mutual protection | 220 | ||
| D. Guilds and mutual protection schemes in Poland | 224 | ||
| I. The 1466 statutes of the weavers’ guild in Rymanów | 225 | ||
| II. The 1613 statutes of the helmsmen’s guild in Toruń | 226 | ||
| III. Other guilds in Toruń | 227 | ||
| IV. The 1580 statutes of the musicians’ guild in Lwów | 229 | ||
| V. The 1689 statutes of the brewers’ guild in Bydgoszcz | 231 | ||
| VI. The 1601 statutes of the goldsmiths’ guild in Poznań | 232 | ||
| E. Summary | 234 | ||
| Balázs Rigó; Chapter 11: Guild Support in Hungary (1307–1872) | 239 | ||
| A. The state of research on guilds | 239 | ||
| B. The state of research on poor relief, public welfare and social insurance | 242 | ||
| C. The development of guilds in Hungary | 243 | ||
| D. Guild membership as a key to understanding guild support | 246 | ||
| I. The importance of parentage, honest conduct and marriage | 247 | ||
| II. The preferential treatment of sons of masters and of journeymen marrying widows and daughters of masters | 253 | ||
| III. Losing guild membership | 258 | ||
| IV. Conclusion | 261 | ||
| E. The beneficiaries, forms, and details of guild support | 261 | ||
| F. Principles of guild support | 267 | ||
| G. Conclusion: marriage at any cost | 269 | ||
| Phillip Hellwege; Chapter 12: Comparative Analysis | 271 | ||
| A. The objective of the present volume | 271 | ||
| B. A first phase of guild support: from the Middle Ages to the 17th century | 271 | ||
| C. A second phase of guild support: the 17th and 18th centuries | 275 | ||
| D. A third phase of guild support: the 18th and 19th centuries | 277 | ||
| E. Conclusion | 278 | ||
| List of Contributors | 281 | ||
| Index | 282 |