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Legal Implications of the »Common Heritage« Principle for Atlantic Bluefin Tuna

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Doorn, E. (2021). Legal Implications of the »Common Heritage« Principle for Atlantic Bluefin Tuna. Duncker & Humblot. https://doi.org/10.3790/978-3-428-55833-9
Doorn, Erik van. Legal Implications of the »Common Heritage« Principle for Atlantic Bluefin Tuna. Duncker & Humblot, 2021. Book. https://doi.org/10.3790/978-3-428-55833-9
Doorn, E (2021): Legal Implications of the »Common Heritage« Principle for Atlantic Bluefin Tuna, Duncker & Humblot, [online] https://doi.org/10.3790/978-3-428-55833-9

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Legal Implications of the »Common Heritage« Principle for Atlantic Bluefin Tuna

Doorn, Erik van

Veröffentlichungen des Walther-Schücking-Instituts für Internationales Recht an der Universität Kiel, Vol. 203

(2021)

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About The Author

Erik van Doorn ist wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter am Walther-Schücking-Institut für Internationales Recht an der Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel und Postdoktorand am GEOMAR Helmholtz-Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel. Er hat in Groningen, Utrecht und Tromsø studiert. Erik hat in der Rechtsabteilung des Internationalen Seegerichtshofs in Hamburg gearbeitet. In seiner Forschung konzentriert er sich auf marine Ressourcen, marine Raumplanung, Aspekte der marinen Aufnahme von Kohlenstoffdioxid und den Rahmen für die Meeresbeobachtung. Seit 2017 ist Erik Mitglied des wissenschaftlichen Lenkungsausschusses des internationalen Projekts Surface Ocean - Lower Atmosphere Study (SOLAS).

Abstract

Many fisheries management systems have individual rights at their basis but are not always successful. The question is what would have to change in fisheries law when community rights form the basis of management. Applying this idea globally, the principle of the common heritage of humankind could provide a future foundation. The principle incorporates intra- and intergenerational justice and has a clear biocentric component but is now only applicable to the ocean floor beyond national jurisdiction and to celestial bodies other than Earth. If this principle would also apply to highly migratory fish species like Atlantic bluefin tuna, not only an analysis of the applicable law but also of the principle´s roots in environmental ethics, the economic consequences of such application and a comparison with the idea of public trusteeship provide helpful insights. It appears that the common heritage of humankind can enable both utilisation and preservation of natural resources.

Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Acknowledgments 5
Inhaltsverzeichnis 9
A. Introductory Remarks 11
I. Towards a Research Question 12
II. Atlantic Bluefin Tuna 16
III. Methodology 17
IV. Structure 20
B. On the Freedoms of the High Seas 22
I. Freedom of Fishing 24
II. Basis of International Fisheries Law 27
III. Cooperation in International Fisheries Management 31
IV. Utilisation and Conservation in International Fisheries Law 35
V. Responsibility in International Fisheries and for the Ecosystem 39
VI. Fisheries Management concerning Atlantic Bluefin Tuna 43
VII. Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing 49
C. On the Common Heritage of Humankind 52
I. Towards a Marine Common Heritage 55
II. Common Heritage as Limitation of the High Seas Freedom 58
III. Comparison with Other Regimes 61
IV. Difficulties of Denomination 64
V. Positive Law and Natural Law 69
VI. Sources of International Law 78
1. International Conventions 83
2. International Custom 85
3. General Principles of Law 89
4. Fundamental Principles of International Law 99
5. Subsidiary Sources 103
6. Soft Law 105
VII. Common Heritage: Old Wine in a New Bottle? 113
VIII. Common Heritage in International Fisheries Law 119
D. On Justice Between Humans and Their Natural Environment 124
I. Intragenerational Justice 124
II. Peaceful Use as a Prerequisite for Justice 129
III. Intergenerational Justice 131
IV. Biocentric Justice 135
V. The Price of Conservation 144
VI. Justice in International Fisheries Law 147
E. On Public Trusteeship 155
I. Management and Public Trusteeship 159
II. Non-Appropriation as a Prerequisite for Public Trusteeship 165
III. Public Trusteeship in Contemporary Fisheries Management 173
IV. Public Trusteeship in Fisheries de lege ferenda 177
V. Economic Aspects of Public Trusteeship in Fisheries 184
F. By Way of Conclusion: Picking up the Threads 189
Legal Instruments 194
Cases 199
Bibliography 201
Person and Subject Index 236