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Shades of a Nation

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Novikov, A. (2015). Shades of a Nation. The Dynamics of Belonging among the Silesian and Jewish Populations in Eastern Upper Silesia (1922–1934). fibre. https://doi.org/10.3790/978-3-88640-428-5
Novikov, Anna. Shades of a Nation: The Dynamics of Belonging among the Silesian and Jewish Populations in Eastern Upper Silesia (1922–1934). fibre, 2015. Book. https://doi.org/10.3790/978-3-88640-428-5
Novikov, A (2015): Shades of a Nation: The Dynamics of Belonging among the Silesian and Jewish Populations in Eastern Upper Silesia (1922–1934), fibre, [online] https://doi.org/10.3790/978-3-88640-428-5

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Shades of a Nation

The Dynamics of Belonging among the Silesian and Jewish Populations in Eastern Upper Silesia (1922–1934)

Novikov, Anna

Einzelveröffentlichungen des Deutschen Historischen Instituts Warschau, Vol. 34

(2015)

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Abstract

Das Buch untersucht die Nationalisierung einer lokalen Bevölkerung an einer mitteleuropäischen Grenze in der Zwischenkriegszeit unter Einbeziehung eines weiten, vergleichenden Kontextes und vor dem Hintergrund der internationalen politischen und diplomatischen Beziehungen. Im Fokus steht ein Zeitraum von dreizehn Jahren zwischen 1921 (Volksabstimmung in Oberschlesien) und 1934 (Unterzeichnung des deutsch-polnischen Nichtangriffspaktes). Nach der Volksabstimmung wurde Oberschlesien zwischen Deutschland und Polen geteilt. Der Polen zugesprochene Teil durchlebte einen intensiven Nationalisierungsprozess, der »Polonisierung« genannt wurde. Die Studie konzentriert sich auf die Stadt Kattowitz/Katowice, ein politisiertes Gebiet mit internationaler Bedeutung, das nach der Grenzfestlegung zur Hauptstadt der neuen polnischen Wojewodschaft Schlesien wurde.

Das Buch analysiert die Dynamik der Zugehörigkeit und der »Einbindung« zweier Volksgruppen während dieses Prozesses: der Schlesier und der Juden in Ostoberschlesien, deren eigene »Mikrogeschichte« in die »Makrogeschichte« Mitteleuropas zwischen den Weltkriegen eingebettet wird. Die Arbeit trägt zum Verständnis der Beziehungen zwischen den Minderheiten und der herrschenden Mehrheit im nationalen Diskurs des 20. Jahrhunderts bei und unterstützt die Suche nach den im Zeitraum zwischen den Weltkriegen liegenden Ursachen von Konflikten, die bis heute auftreten.
This book both narrates and examines the story of the nationalization of a local population in an interwar Central European border area using a wide and comparative context that relies on the international political and diplomatic background of the time. It concentrates on a time period of thirteen years, from 1921 (the year of the plebiscite in Upper Silesia) to 1934 (when Poland and Germany signed the non-aggression pact). After the plebiscite, the area of Upper Silesia was divided between Germany and Poland, and the part which was shifted to Poland experienced an intensive process of nationalization or what will be called »Polonization«. The study focuses on the city Kattowitz/Katowice, a politicized area of international importance and which after the shifting of the border became the capital of the new Polish Silesian Voivodeship.

The book analyzes the dynamics of »belonging« and »affiliation« as experienced during this process by two non-national groups in the population: the Silesian and the Jewish in the Eastern Upper Silesian region, with the process placing these two »micro« histories within the »macro« history of interwar Central Europe. This work contributes to an understanding of the relationships between the minorities and the ruling majorities in the national discourse of the twentieth century and assists in tracing the interwar sources of the conflicts that appear yet today.

Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Table of Contents 7
Acknowledgements 9
Introduction 11
Innovation, Methodology and Literature Survey 11
Chronological Framework 18
The Silesian Test Case 19
Nationalization through Education 20
The Jewish Test Case 22
Internal Chronology and Description of Chapters 25
Historical Background of Upper Silesia 29
I. Creation of the Polish and the German Minority Education Systems in the Silesian Voivodeship 33
1. 1922–1924: The Laws from the Authorities and the Reaction of the Population 33
2. 1924–1926: Education Materials in Both Types of Schools; School Libraries, Teachers, Educational Films, Religion in the Schools: The Fight against the Reduction of Polish Language Lessons in Minority Schools 45
Religion 47
History 65
Education Outside of School: Scientific Films and Holidays 71
Scientific Films 71
Holidays and Ceremonies 78
Polish Language and Literature 89
3. 1926–1928: A 'Good Pole' and the 'Maurer’s Children': Debates about the Definition of a 'Minority' (Self-Definitionversus Language Definition): German Language Exams for Silesian Children in German Minority Schools: Children Born out of Wedlock 95
4. 1928–1933: Educational Materials in Both Types of Schools; Teachers, Educational Films, Religion in the Schools: Dynamics of Polonization in Both Types of Schools: Polonization or Germanizaton in the German Minority Schools 104
Religion 1928–1934 104
National Holidays 107
Educational Films 1928–1933 114
History and the Education of the Citizen 117
Polish Language Studies 122
II. German Jews in Katowice: The Policy of the Lodges Concordia and Michael Sachs towards the Polish State, the Ostjuden, and International Politics 127
1. June 1922–May 1926: The Pro-German and Anti-Polish Ideology of Concordia: The Policy of the B'nai B'rith Order versus Political Changes 127
2. May 1926: Piłsudski,s Coup d,État: A Different Vision of the Near Future: Leon Ader versus the Lodges Concordia and Michael Sachs 150
3. May 1926–November 1927: Polish-American Negotiations and in the Internal Politics of Poland as Turning Points in the Policy of Concordia and Michael Sachs 157
4. 1928–1933: Polonization of the German Speakers: Dynamics of Relationships between the German-speaking Jews and the Ostjuden Community of Katowice 172
5. 1933–1934: Polish Language: by Love or by Fear? Changes in Concordia during the Anti-German State Policy and after the Polish-German Pact 184
Conclusion 195
1934: The German-Polish Pact and Beyond 195
The Silesian Test Case 197
Nationalization: 'Macro' and 'Micro' Levels 201
'Maurer’s Children' and the Out-of-wedlock Children 203
The Jewish Test Case 204
May 1926 and Aftermath 205
Bibliography 209
Archives 209
Periodicals 209
Printed Sources 210
Index of Persons and Organizations 223
Geographical Index 229