“At School We Don't Pay Attention Anyway” – The Informal Market of Education in Egypt and Its Implications
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“At School We Don't Pay Attention Anyway” – The Informal Market of Education in Egypt and Its Implications
Sociologus, Vol. 58 (2008), Iss. 1 : pp. 27–48
10 Citations (CrossRef)
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1PhD candidate, Berlin Graduate School Muslim Cultures and Societies, Freie Universität Berlin, Altensteinstr. 40, 14195, Berlin.
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Abstract
The majority of Egyptian high school students and a large number of elementary students take private lessons in addition to regular classes at school. These private lessons are usually offered either at students' homes or in special “tutoring centres”. Due to the deficits of the overburdened public education system, the process of teaching and learning has partly been shifted into the informal and private sphere. Based on several months of ethnographic field work in tutoring centres in Cairo, I analyze the motivations of teachers and students for participating in this informal practice and look at the impact of private tutoring on the relationship between teachers and students. I describe the phenomenon as an “informal market of education”, where teachers act as “suppliers” and students as “consumers”. Students of all socio-economic backgrounds resort to tutoring in order to succeed in a highly competitive and exam-oriented education system. For many teachers, tutoring not only provides an opportunity to supplement their income, but also, in the case of renowned “star teachers”, to improve their professional status and autonomy. At the same time, education is increasingly turned into a marketable commodity, and the quality of education that can be accessed depends more and more on the financial means of students and their families.
Die Mehrheit der ägyptischen SchülerInnen nimmt zusätzlich zum regulären Schulunterricht private Nachhilfestunden, die in der Regel entweder zuhause oder in speziellen “Nachhilfezentren” angeboten werden. Die Defizite des überlasteten staatlichen Bildungssystems haben dazu geführt, dass sich der Bildungsprozess zu einem großen Teil in den informellen und privaten Bereich verlagert hat. Auf der Basis einer mehrmonatigen Feldforschung im Umfeld einiger “Nachhilfezentren” in Kairo analysiere ich die Motivation von Lehrern und Schülern für die Teilnahme an dieser informellen Praxis sowie deren Auswirkungen auf das Verhältnis zwischen Lehrern und Schülern. Ich betrachte das Phänomen als einen “informellen Bildungsmarkt”, auf dem sich Lehrer und Schüler als “Anbieter” und “Konsumenten” begegnen. SchülerInnen aller sozialen Schichten nehmen Privatstunden, um in einem extrem kompetitiven und prüfungsorientierten Bildungssystem zu bestehen. Lehrern bietet das Nachhilfe-System nicht nur eine Möglichkeit, ihr niedriges Gehalt aufzubessern, sondern auch, im Fall berühmter “Star-Lehrer”, ihren sozialen und professionellen Status zu erhöhen. Gleichzeitig wird Bildung zunehmend zur Ware, und die Qualität der Bildung, zu der Schüler Zugang haben, hängt mehr und mehr von den finanziellen Mitteln ab, die ihnen bzw. ihren Familien zur Verfügung stehen.