At the End of the Waterfall – Resolvability of Central Counterparties
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At the End of the Waterfall – Resolvability of Central Counterparties
Credit and Capital Markets – Kredit und Kapital, Vol. 54 (2021), Iss. 4 : pp. 505–531
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Péter Gárdos, PhD (ELTE Budapest) assistant professor, Eötvös Loránd University Department for Civil Law, Budapest, Hungary.
References
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A Path Forward for CCP Resilience, Recovery, and Resolution (updated March 2020), https://www.jpmorgan.com/content/dam/jpm/cib/complex/content/news/a-path-forward-for-ccp-resilience-recovery-and-resolution/pdf-0.pdf.
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Arora, N./Gandhi, P./Longstaff, F. A. (2012): Counterparty credit risk and the credit default swap market, Journal of Financial Economics, Vol. 103(2), 280–293.
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Baker, C. M. (2021): Clearinghouse Shareholders and “No Creditor Worse Off Than in Liquidation” Claims, Transactions: The Tennessee Journal of Business Law, Vol. 22(2), 335–365.
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Google Scholar -
Bignon, V./Vuillemey, G. (2017): The failure of a clearinghouse: Empirical evidence, European Capital Market Institute Working Paper, No. 6.
Google Scholar -
Binder, J-H. (2021): Central Counterparties’ Insolvency and Resolution – The New EU Regulation on CCP Recovery and Resolution, EBI Working Paper Series 2021 – no. 82.
Google Scholar -
Braithwaite, J. (2015): Legal Perspectives on Client Clearing, LSE Law, Society and Economy Working Papers 14/2015.
Google Scholar -
Braithwaite, J. (2016): The Dilemma of Client Clearing in the OTC Derivatives Markets, Eur Bus Org Law Rev, 2016/17, 355–378.
Google Scholar -
Braithwaite, J./Murphy, D. (2016): Got to be certain: the legal framework for CCP default management processes, Bank of England Financial Stability Paper Number 37.
Google Scholar -
Braithwaite, J./Murphy, D. (2017a): Get the balance right: private rights and public policy in the post-crisis regime for OTC derivatives, CMLJ, Vol. 12, No. 4 480–509.
Google Scholar -
Braithwaite, J./Murphy, D. (2017b): Central Counterparties (CCPs) and the law of default management, Journal of Corporate Law Studies, 17:2, 291–325.
Google Scholar -
Braithwaite, J./Murphy, D. (2019): Improving resolvability: partial property transfers and central counterparties, CMLJ, Vol. 14. No. 4. 431–450.
Google Scholar -
Braithwaite, J./Murphy, D. (2020): Take On Me: OTC derivatives client clearing in the European Union, LSE Law, Society and Economy Working Papers 7/2020.
Google Scholar -
Canini, R. (2021): Central Counterparties Are Too Big for the European Securities and Markets Authority (Alone): Constructive Critique of the 2019 CCP Supervision Regulation, European Business Organization Law Review, Eur Bus Org Law Rev.
Google Scholar -
Carter, L./Garner, M. (2015): Skin in the Game – Central Counterparty Risk Controls and Incentives, Reserve Bank of Australia Bulletin, June Quarter 2015, 79–88.
Google Scholar -
Chamorro-Courtland, C. (2011): Counterparty Substitution in Central Counterparty (CCP) Systems, 26 B.F.L.R., 517–538.
Google Scholar -
Chamorro-Courtland, C. (2012): The Trillion Dollar Question: Can a Central Bank Bail Out a Central Counterparty Clearing House Which is “Too Big to Fail”?, 6 Brook. J. Corp. Fin. & Com. L., 433–485.
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Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, The Council, The European Economic and Social Committee, the Committee of the Regions and the European Central Bank Ensuring efficient, safe and sound derivatives markets: Future policy actions COM(2009) 563 final.
Google Scholar -
Cont, R. (2017): Central Clearing and Risk Transformation, Norges Bank Research, 3/2017.
Google Scholar -
Cox, R. T./Steigerwald, R. S. (2017): A CCP is a CCP is a CCP, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago PDP 2017-01.
Google Scholar -
de Serière, V. P. G./van der Houwen, D. M. (2016): “No Creditor Worse Off” in Case of Bank Resolution: Food for Litigation?, 31 J.I.B.L.R., Issue 7, 376–384.
Google Scholar -
de Serière, V. P. G. (2020): Recovery and Resolution Plans of Banks in the Context of the BRRD and the SRM Fundamental Issues, in: Busch, D./Ferrarini, G. (eds.): European Banking Union. (Oxford, second edition).
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Domanski, D./Gambacorta L./Picillo C. (2015): Central clearing: trends and current issues, BIS Quarterly Review, December 2015.
Google Scholar -
Du, W./Gadgil, S./Gordy, M. B./Vega, C. (2016): Counterparty risk and Counterparty Choice in the Credit Default Swap Market, Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2016-087.
Google Scholar -
Duffie, D. (2015): Resolution of Failing Central Counterparties, in: Jackson, T. et al. (eds.), Making Failure Feasible: How Bankruptcy Reform Can End ‘Too Big To Fail’, Hoover Institution Press, 2015, 87–109.
Google Scholar -
Duffie, D./Zhu, H. (2011): Does a Central Clearing Counterparty Reduce Counterparty Risk?, Review of Asset Pricing Studies, Vol. 1(1), 74–95.
Google Scholar -
European Association of CCP Clearing Houses (2020): EACH Paper – Carrots and sticks: how the skin in the game incentivises CCPs to perform robust risk management, https://www.eachccp.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/EACH-Paper-Carrots-and-sticks_How-the-skin-in-the-game-incentivises-CCPs-to-perform-robust-risk-management-January-2021. pdf.
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Google Scholar -
European Securities and Markets Authority (2020b): Report 3rd EU-wide CCP Stress Test, https://www.esma.europa.eu/sites/default/files/library/esma70-151-3186_3rd_eu-wide_ccp_stress_test_report.pdf.
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Google Scholar -
Evanoff, D. D./Russo, D./Steigerwald, R. S. (2007): Policymakers, Researchers, And Practitioners Discuss The Role Of Central Counterparties. Issues related to Central Counterparty Clearing. ECB-FED Chicago Conference 2006, https://www.ecb.europa.eu/pub/pdf/other/rolecentralcounterparties200707en.pdf.
Google Scholar -
Faruqui, U./Huang, W./Takáts, E. (2018): Clearing Risks in OTC Derivatives Markets: The CCP–Bank Nexus”. BIS Quarterly Review, December 2018, 73–90.
Google Scholar -
The Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission (2011): The Financial Crisis Inquiry Report. Final Report of the National Commission on the Causes of the Financial and Economic Crisis in the United States.
Google Scholar -
Financial Services Authority (2009): The Turner Review: A regulatory response to the global banking crisis.
Google Scholar -
Financial Stability Board (2014): Key Attributes of Effective Resolution Regimes for Financial Institutions, https://www.fsb.org/work-of-the-fsb/market-and-institutional-resilience/post-2008-financial-crisis-reforms/effective-resolution-regimes-and-policies/key-attributes-of-effective-resolution-regimes-for-financial-institutions/.
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Financial Stability Board (2017): Guidance on Central Counterparty Resolution and Resolution Planning, https://www.fsb.org/2017/07/guidance-on-central-counterparty-resolution-and-resolution-planning-2/.
Google Scholar -
Financial Stability Board (2020): Evaluation of the effects of the too-big-to-fail reforms Consultation Report, https://www.fsb.org/wp-content/uploads/P280620-1.pdf.
Google Scholar -
Genito, L. (2019): Mandatory clearing: the infrastructural authority of central counterparty clearing houses in the OTC derivatives market. Review of International Political Economy, Vol. 26(5), 938–962.
Google Scholar -
Huang, W. (2019): Central counterparty capitalization and misaligned incentives, BIS Working Paper No. 767.
Google Scholar -
Huang, W./Takáts, E. (2020a): The CCP-bank nexus in the time of Covid-19, BIS Bulletin, No. 13.
Google Scholar -
Huang, W./Takács, E. (2020b): Model risk at central counterparties: Is skin-in-the-game a game changer?, BIS Working Paper No. 866.
Google Scholar -
International Monetary Fund (2010): World Economic and Financial Surveys Global Financial Stability Report Meeting New Challenges to Stability and Building a Safer System, https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/GFSR/Issues/2016/12/31/~/media/Websites/IMF/imported-flagship-issues/external/pubs/ft/GFSR/2010/01/pdf/_textpdf.ashx.
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International Swaps and Derivatives Association (2021): Key Trends in the Size and Composition of OTC Derivatives Markets in the Second Half of 2020, https://www.isda.org/a/iSDgE/Key-Trends-in-the-Size-and-Composition-of-OTC-Derivatives-Markets-in-2H-of-2020.pdf.
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Koskelo, P. (2017): Relevance of fundamental rights for central bank policy and decision-making, ECB Legal Conference 2017 “Shaping a new legal order for Europe: a tale of crises and opportunities” 133–145, https://www.ecb.europa.eu/pub/pdf/other/ecblegalconferenceproceedings201712.en.pdf.
Google Scholar -
Levitin, A. J. (2013): Response: the tenuous case for derivatives clearinghouses 101 Geo L. J. 445–466.
Google Scholar -
McLaughlin, D./Berndsen, R. (2021): Why is a CCP failure very unlikely?, CentER Discussion Paper, Vol. 2021(002).
Google Scholar -
Morkötter, S./Pleus, J./Westerfield, S. (2012): The Impact of Counterparty Risk on Credit Default Swap Pricing Dynamics, The Journal of Credit Risk, Vol. 8(1), 66–83.
Google Scholar -
Nabilou, H./Asimakopoulos, I. G. (2020): In CCP we trust … or do we? Assessing the regulation of central clearing counterparties in Europe, CMLJ, Vol. 15(1), 70–97.
Google Scholar -
Norman, P. (2011): The Risk Controllers. Central Counterparty Clearing in Globalised Financial Markets (Wiley).
Google Scholar -
Paddrik, M./Zhang S. (2020): Central Counterparty Default Waterfalls and Systemic Loss, Office of Financial Research Working Paper 20-04, https://www.financialresearch.gov/working-papers/files/OFRwp-20-04_central-counterparty-default-waterfalls-and-systemic-loss.pdf.
Google Scholar -
Paech, P. (2016): The Value of Financial Market Insolvency Safe Harbours, OJLS, Vol. 36, (4), Winter 2016, 855–884.
Google Scholar -
Panetta, F. (2020): Joining forces: stepping up coordination on risks in central clearing. Introductory remarks at the Second Joint Bundesbank/ECB/Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago Conference on CCP Risk Management, https://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/key/date/2020/html/ecb.sp200226~e33a0d0c1c.en.html.
Google Scholar -
Priem, R. (2018): CCP recovery and resolution: preventing a financial catastrophe. Journal of Financial Regulation and Compliance, Vol. 26(3), 351–364.
Google Scholar -
Rehlon, A./Nixon, D. (2013): Central counterparties: What are they, why do they matter and how does the Bank supervise them?, Bank of England Quarterly Bulletin 2013 Q2, 147–156.
Google Scholar -
Sayah, M. (2017): Counterparty Credit Risk in OTC Derivatives under Basel III, Journal of Mathematical Finance, 7, 1–38.
Google Scholar -
Singh, M./Turing, D. (2018): Central Counterparties Resolution – An Unresolved Problem, IMF Working Paper WP/18/65 6.
Google Scholar -
Steigerwald, R. S. (2015): Central counterparty clearing and systemic risk regulation. In Malliaris, A. G./Ziemba, W. T. (eds.): The world scientific handbook of futures markets, 181–246. Singapore: World Scientific.
Google Scholar -
Swan, E. (2000): Building the Global Market: A 4000 year history of derivatives (Kluwer).
Google Scholar -
Weber, M. (2016): Central Counterparties in the OTC Derivatives Market from the Perspective of the Legal Theory of Finance, Financial Market Stability and the Public Good. Eur Bus Org Law Rev (2016) 17, 71–103.
Google Scholar -
Wendt, F. (2015): Central Counterparties: Addressing their Too Important to Fail Nature. IMF Working Paper No. 15/21.
Google Scholar -
Xiao, T. (2019): Pricing Interest Rate Swap Subject to Bilateral Counterparty Risk, MPRA Paper No. 94233.
Google Scholar -
A Path Forward for CCP Resilience, Recovery, and Resolution (updated March 2020), https://www.jpmorgan.com/content/dam/jpm/cib/complex/content/news/a-path-forward-for-ccp-resilience-recovery-and-resolution/pdf-0.pdf.
Google Scholar -
Armour, J. (2015): Making Bank Resolution Credible. In: Moloney, N./Ferran, E./Payne, J. (eds): The Oxford Handbook of Financial Regulation (Oxford).
Google Scholar -
Armour, J./Awrey, D./Davies, P./Enriques, L./Gordon, J. N./Mayer, C./Payne, J. (2016): Principles of Financial Regulation (Oxford).
Google Scholar -
Arora, N./Gandhi, P./Longstaff, F. A. (2012): Counterparty credit risk and the credit default swap market, Journal of Financial Economics, Vol. 103(2), 280–293.
Google Scholar -
Baker, C. M. (2021): Clearinghouse Shareholders and “No Creditor Worse Off Than in Liquidation” Claims, Transactions: The Tennessee Journal of Business Law, Vol. 22(2), 335–365.
Google Scholar -
Bank for International Settlements (2012): Principles for financial market infrastructures, https://www.bis.org/cpmi/publ/d101a.pdf
Google Scholar -
Bank for International Settlements (2021): Statistical release: OTC derivatives at end-December 2020, https://www.bis.org/publ/otc_hy2105.pdf.
Google Scholar -
Bignon, V./Vuillemey, G. (2017): The failure of a clearinghouse: Empirical evidence, European Capital Market Institute Working Paper, No. 6.
Google Scholar -
Binder, J-H. (2021): Central Counterparties’ Insolvency and Resolution – The New EU Regulation on CCP Recovery and Resolution, EBI Working Paper Series 2021 – no. 82.
Google Scholar -
Braithwaite, J. (2015): Legal Perspectives on Client Clearing, LSE Law, Society and Economy Working Papers 14/2015.
Google Scholar -
Braithwaite, J. (2016): The Dilemma of Client Clearing in the OTC Derivatives Markets, Eur Bus Org Law Rev, 2016/17, 355–378.
Google Scholar -
Braithwaite, J./Murphy, D. (2016): Got to be certain: the legal framework for CCP default management processes, Bank of England Financial Stability Paper Number 37.
Google Scholar -
Braithwaite, J./Murphy, D. (2017a): Get the balance right: private rights and public policy in the post-crisis regime for OTC derivatives, CMLJ, Vol. 12, No. 4 480–509.
Google Scholar -
Braithwaite, J./Murphy, D. (2017b): Central Counterparties (CCPs) and the law of default management, Journal of Corporate Law Studies, 17:2, 291–325.
Google Scholar -
Braithwaite, J./Murphy, D. (2019): Improving resolvability: partial property transfers and central counterparties, CMLJ, Vol. 14. No. 4. 431–450.
Google Scholar -
Braithwaite, J./Murphy, D. (2020): Take On Me: OTC derivatives client clearing in the European Union, LSE Law, Society and Economy Working Papers 7/2020.
Google Scholar -
Canini, R. (2021): Central Counterparties Are Too Big for the European Securities and Markets Authority (Alone): Constructive Critique of the 2019 CCP Supervision Regulation, European Business Organization Law Review, Eur Bus Org Law Rev.
Google Scholar -
Carter, L./Garner, M. (2015): Skin in the Game – Central Counterparty Risk Controls and Incentives, Reserve Bank of Australia Bulletin, June Quarter 2015, 79–88.
Google Scholar -
Chamorro-Courtland, C. (2011): Counterparty Substitution in Central Counterparty (CCP) Systems, 26 B.F.L.R., 517–538.
Google Scholar -
Chamorro-Courtland, C. (2012): The Trillion Dollar Question: Can a Central Bank Bail Out a Central Counterparty Clearing House Which is “Too Big to Fail”?, 6 Brook. J. Corp. Fin. & Com. L., 433–485.
Google Scholar -
Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, The Council, The European Economic and Social Committee, the Committee of the Regions and the European Central Bank Ensuring efficient, safe and sound derivatives markets: Future policy actions COM(2009) 563 final.
Google Scholar -
Cont, R. (2017): Central Clearing and Risk Transformation, Norges Bank Research, 3/2017.
Google Scholar -
Cox, R. T./Steigerwald, R. S. (2017): A CCP is a CCP is a CCP, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago PDP 2017-01.
Google Scholar -
de Serière, V. P. G./van der Houwen, D. M. (2016): “No Creditor Worse Off” in Case of Bank Resolution: Food for Litigation?, 31 J.I.B.L.R., Issue 7, 376–384.
Google Scholar -
de Serière, V. P. G. (2020): Recovery and Resolution Plans of Banks in the Context of the BRRD and the SRM Fundamental Issues, in: Busch, D./Ferrarini, G. (eds.): European Banking Union. (Oxford, second edition).
Google Scholar -
Domanski, D./Gambacorta L./Picillo C. (2015): Central clearing: trends and current issues, BIS Quarterly Review, December 2015.
Google Scholar -
Du, W./Gadgil, S./Gordy, M. B./Vega, C. (2016): Counterparty risk and Counterparty Choice in the Credit Default Swap Market, Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2016-087.
Google Scholar -
Duffie, D. (2015): Resolution of Failing Central Counterparties, in: Jackson, T. et al. (eds.), Making Failure Feasible: How Bankruptcy Reform Can End ‘Too Big To Fail’, Hoover Institution Press, 2015, 87–109.
Google Scholar -
Duffie, D./Zhu, H. (2011): Does a Central Clearing Counterparty Reduce Counterparty Risk?, Review of Asset Pricing Studies, Vol. 1(1), 74–95.
Google Scholar -
European Association of CCP Clearing Houses (2020): EACH Paper – Carrots and sticks: how the skin in the game incentivises CCPs to perform robust risk management, https://www.eachccp.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/EACH-Paper-Carrots-and-sticks_How-the-skin-in-the-game-incentivises-CCPs-to-perform-robust-risk-management-January-2021. ?pdf.
Google Scholar -
European Central Bank (2009): Glossary of Terms Related to Payment, Clearing and Settlement Systems, https://www.ecb.europa.eu/pub/pdf/other/glossary?related?topayment?clearing?andsettlementsystemsen.?pdf.
Google Scholar -
European Securities and Markets Authority (2020a): EU Derivatives Markets ESMA Annual Statistical Report 2020, https://www.esma.europa.eu/sites/default/files/library/esma50-165-1362_asr_derivatives_2020.pdf.
Google Scholar -
European Securities and Markets Authority (2020b): Report 3rd EU-wide CCP Stress Test, https://www.esma.?europa.eu/sites/default/files/library/esma70-151-3186_3rd_eu-wide_ccp_stress_test_report.pdf.
Google Scholar -
European Securities and Markets Authority (2021): Annual peer review of EU CCP supervision 2020 EMIR Peer Review on CCPs’ liquidity stress testing, https://www.esma.europa.eu/sites/default/files/library/esma93-373-39_ccp_peer_review_report?.pdf.
Google Scholar -
Evanoff, D. D./Russo, D./Steigerwald, R. S. (2007): Policymakers, Researchers, And Practitioners Discuss The Role Of Central Counterparties. Issues related to Central Counterparty Clearing. ECB-FED Chicago Conference 2006, https://www.ecb.europa.eu/pub/pdf/other/rolecentralcounterparties200707en.pdf.
Google Scholar -
Faruqui, U./Huang, W./Takáts, E. (2018): Clearing Risks in OTC Derivatives Markets: The CCP–Bank Nexus”. BIS Quarterly Review, December 2018, 73–90.
Google Scholar -
The Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission (2011): The Financial Crisis Inquiry Report. Final Report of the National Commission on the Causes of the Financial and Economic Crisis in the United States.
Google Scholar -
Financial Services Authority (2009): The Turner Review: A regulatory response to the global banking crisis.
Google Scholar -
Financial Stability Board (2014): Key Attributes of Effective Resolution Regimes for Financial Institutions, https://www.fsb.org/work-of-the-fsb/market-and-institutional-resilience/post-2008-financial-crisis-reforms/effective-resolution-regimes-and-policies/key-attributes-of-effective-resolution-regimes-for-financial-institutions/.
Google Scholar -
Financial Stability Board (2017): Guidance on Central Counterparty Resolution and Resolution Planning, https://www.fsb.org/2017/07/guidance-on-central-counterparty-resolution-and-resolution-planning-2/.
Google Scholar -
Financial Stability Board (2020): Evaluation of the effects of the too-big-to-fail reforms Consultation Report, https://www.fsb.org/wp-content/uploads/P280620-1.pdf.
Google Scholar -
Genito, L. (2019): Mandatory clearing: the infrastructural authority of central counterparty clearing houses in the OTC derivatives market. Review of International Political Economy, Vol. 26(5), 938–962.
Google Scholar -
Huang, W. (2019): Central counterparty capitalization and misaligned incentives, BIS Working Paper No. 767.
Google Scholar -
Huang, W./Takáts, E. (2020a): The CCP-bank nexus in the time of Covid-19, BIS Bulletin, No. 13.
Google Scholar -
Huang, W./Takács, E. (2020b): Model risk at central counterparties: Is skin-in-the-game a game changer?, BIS Working Paper No. 866.
Google Scholar -
International Monetary Fund (2010): World Economic and Financial Surveys Global Financial Stability Report Meeting New Challenges to Stability and Building a Safer System, https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/GFSR/Issues/2016/12/31/~/media/Websites/IMF/imported?-flag?ship-issues/external/pubs/ft/GFSR/2010/01/pdf/_textpdf.ashx.
Google Scholar -
International Swaps and Derivatives Association (2021): Key Trends in the Size and Composition of OTC Derivatives Markets in the Second Half of 2020, https://www.isda.org/a/iSDgE/Key-Trends-in-the-Size-and-Composition-of-OTC-Derivatives?-Markets-in-2H-of-2020.pdf.
Google Scholar -
Koskelo, P. (2017): Relevance of fundamental rights for central bank policy and decision-making, ECB Legal Conference 2017 “Shaping a new legal order for Europe: a tale of crises and opportunities” 133–145, https://www.ecb.europa.eu/pub/pdf/other/ecblegalconference?proceedings?201712.en.pdf.
Google Scholar -
Levitin, A. J. (2013): Response: the tenuous case for derivatives clearinghouses 101 Geo L. J. 445–466.
Google Scholar -
McLaughlin, D./Berndsen, R. (2021): Why is a CCP failure very unlikely?, CentER Discussion Paper, Vol. 2021(002).
Google Scholar -
Morkötter, S./Pleus, J./Westerfield, S. (2012): The Impact of Counterparty Risk on Credit Default Swap Pricing Dynamics, The Journal of Credit Risk, Vol. 8(1), 66–83.
Google Scholar -
Nabilou, H./Asimakopoulos, I. G. (2020): In CCP we trust … or do we? Assessing the regulation of central clearing counterparties in Europe, CMLJ, Vol. 15(1), 70–97.
Google Scholar -
Norman, P. (2011): The Risk Controllers. Central Counterparty Clearing in Globalised Financial Markets (Wiley).
Google Scholar -
Paddrik, M./Zhang S. (2020): Central Counterparty Default Waterfalls and Systemic Loss, Office of Financial Research Working Paper 20-04, https://www.financialresearch.gov/working-papers/files/OFRwp-20-04_central-counterparty-default-waterfalls-and-systemic-loss.pdf.
Google Scholar -
Paech, P. (2016): The Value of Financial Market Insolvency Safe Harbours, OJLS, Vol. 36, (4), Winter 2016, 855–884.
Google Scholar -
Panetta, F. (2020): Joining forces: stepping up coordination on risks in central clearing. Introductory remarks at the Second Joint Bundesbank/ECB/Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago Conference on CCP Risk Management, https://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/key/date/2020/html/ecb.sp200226~e33a0d0c1c.en.html.
Google Scholar -
Priem, R. (2018): CCP recovery and resolution: preventing a financial catastrophe. Journal of Financial Regulation and Compliance, Vol. 26(3), 351–364.
Google Scholar -
Rehlon, A./Nixon, D. (2013): Central counterparties: What are they, why do they matter and how does the Bank supervise them?, Bank of England Quarterly Bulletin 2013 Q2, 147–156.
Google Scholar -
Sayah, M. (2017): Counterparty Credit Risk in OTC Derivatives under Basel III, Journal of Mathematical Finance, 7, 1–38.
Google Scholar -
Singh, M./Turing, D. (2018): Central Counterparties Resolution – An Unresolved Problem, IMF Working Paper WP/18/65 6.
Google Scholar -
Steigerwald, R. S. (2015): Central counterparty clearing and systemic risk regulation. In Malliaris, A. G./Ziemba, W. T. (eds.): The world scientific handbook of futures markets, 181–246. Singapore: World Scientific.
Google Scholar -
Swan, E. (2000): Building the Global Market: A 4000 year history of derivatives (Kluwer).
Google Scholar -
Weber, M. (2016): Central Counterparties in the OTC Derivatives Market from the Perspective of the Legal Theory of Finance, Financial Market Stability and the Public Good. Eur Bus Org Law Rev (2016) 17, 71–103.
Google Scholar -
Wendt, F. (2015): Central Counterparties: Addressing their Too Important to Fail Nature. IMF Working Paper No. 15/21.
Google Scholar -
Xiao, T. (2019): Pricing Interest Rate Swap Subject to Bilateral Counterparty Risk, MPRA Paper No. 94233.
Google Scholar
Abstract
After the prudential requirements introduced by EMIR in 2012, the European Union took a further step when it adopted a regulation in 2021 on the framework for the recovery and resolution of central counterparties. The regulation is based on the bank recovery and resolution directive of 2014. This paper provides a critical overview of the new regulation by focusing on the question of whether the bank resolution tools are useful and effective in the case of central counterparty resolutions.