Do Portfolio Diversification Benefits Exist? A Study of Selected Developed and Emerging Markets
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Cite JOURNAL ARTICLE
Style
Format
Do Portfolio Diversification Benefits Exist? A Study of Selected Developed and Emerging Markets
Applied Economics Quarterly, Vol. 67 (2021), Iss. 2 : pp. 177–198
Additional Information
Article Details
Pricing
Author Details
Ritesh Patel, Assistant Professor, Economics and Finance Area, Institute of Management, Nirma University, S G Highway, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
References
-
Abu-Alkheil, A./Khan, W. A./Parikh, B./Mohanty, S. K. (2017): “Dynamic co-integration and portfolio diversification of Islamic and conventional indices: Global evidence,” The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance 66, 212–224.
Google Scholar -
Ali, M. H./Uddin, M. A./Chowdhury, M. A. F./Masih, M. (2019): “Cross-country evidence of Islamic portfolio diversification: are there opportunities in Saudi Arabia?,” Managerial Finance 45, 36–53.
Google Scholar -
Arbatli, C. (2011): “Economic Policies and FDI Inflows to Emerging Market Economies,” IMF Change 42, 22–48.
Google Scholar -
Bekaert, G./Harvey, C. R. (1995): “Time-varying world market integration,” The Journal of Finance 50, 403–444.
Google Scholar -
Berger, D./Pukthuanthong, K./Yang, J. J. (2013): “Is the diversification benefit of frontier markets realizable by mean-variance investors? The evidence of investable funds,” The Journal of Portfolio Management 39, 36–48.
Google Scholar -
Burns, P./Engle, R./Mezrich, J. (1998): “Correlations and volatilities of asynchronous data,” Journal of Derivatives 5, 7–18.
Google Scholar -
Click, R. W./Plummer, M. G. (2005): “Stock market integration in ASEAN after the Asian financial crisis,” Journal of Asian Economics 16, 5–28.
Google Scholar -
Dickey, D. A./Bell, W. R./Miller, R. B. (1986): “Unit roots in time series models: Tests and implications,” The American Statistician 40, 12–26.
Google Scholar -
Dickey, D. A./Fuller, W. A. (1979): “Distribution of the estimators for autoregressive time series with a unit root,” Journal of the American Statistical Association 74, 427–431.
Google Scholar -
Ding, D. K./Harris, F. H. D./Lau, S. T./McInish, T. H. (1999): “An investigation of price discovery in informationally-linked markets: equity trading in Malaysia and Singapore,” Journal of Multinational Financial Management 9, 317–329.
Google Scholar -
Driessen, J./Laeven, L. (2007): “International portfolio diversification benefits: Cross-country evidence from a local perspective,” Journal of Banking & Finance 31, 1693–1712.
Google Scholar -
Granger, C. W. (1988): “Causality, cointegration, and control,” Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control 12(2–3), 551–559.
Google Scholar -
Granger, C. W. J. (1986): “Developments in the study of cointegrated economic variables,” Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics 48, 213–228.
Google Scholar -
Grubel, H. G. (1968): “Internationally diversified portfolios: welfare gains and capital flows,” The American Economic Review 58, 1299–1314.
Google Scholar -
Gujarati, D. N. (2009): Basic Econometrics, Tata McGraw-Hill Education, New Delhi.
Google Scholar -
Harvey, A. C. (1990): The econometric analysis of time series, MIT Press, Massachusetts.
Google Scholar -
Ibrahim, M. H. (2005): “International Linkage of Stock Prices: The Case of Indonesia.” Management Research News 28 (4): 93–115.
Google Scholar -
Jadhav, P./Katti, V. (2012): “Institutional and Political Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment: Evidence from BRICS Economies,” Poverty & Public Policy 4, 49–57.
Google Scholar -
Janakiramanan, S./Lamba, A. S. (1998): “An empirical examination of linkages between Pacific-Basin Stock Markets,” Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money 8, 155–173.
Google Scholar -
Johansen, S. (1988): “Statistical Analysis of Cointegration Vectors,” Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control 12, 231–254.
Google Scholar -
Johansen, S. (1991): “Estimation and hypothesis testing of cointegration vectors in Gaussian vector autoregressive models,” Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society 1551–1580.
Google Scholar -
Johansen, S. K./Juselius, K. (1990): “Maximum Likelihood Estimation and Inference on Cointegration – With Applications to the Demand for Money,” Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics 52, 169–210.
Google Scholar -
Li, K../Sarkar, A./Wang, Z. (2003): “Diversification benefits of emerging markets subject to portfolio constraints,” Journal of Empirical Finance 10, 57–80.
Google Scholar -
Lo, A. W./MacKinlay, A. C. (1990): “When are contrarian profits due to stock market overreaction?,” The Review of Financial Studies 3, 175–205.
Google Scholar -
Lu, Q./Vivian, A. (2020): “Domestically formed international diversification,” Journal of International Money and Finance 103, 102131.
Google Scholar -
MacKinnon, J. G/Haug, A. A/Michelis, L. (1999): “Numerical distribution functions of likelihood ratio tests for cointegration,” Journal of Applied Econometrics 14, 563–577.
Google Scholar -
Markowitz, H. (1952): “Portfolio Selection,” The Journal of Finance 7, 77–91.
Google Scholar -
Markowitz, H. M. (1959): Efficient Diversification of Investments, New York.
Google Scholar -
Meric, I./Ratner, M./Meric, G. (2008): “Co-movements of sector index returns in the world’s major stock markets in bull and bear markets: Portfolio diversification implications,” International Review of Financial Analysis 17, 156–177.
Google Scholar -
Miralles-Marcelo, J. L./del Mar Miralles-Quirós, M./Miralles-Quirós, J. L. (2015): “Improving international diversification benefits for US investors,” The North American Journal of Economics and Finance 32, 64–76.
Google Scholar -
Nguyen, T. D./Elisabeta, P. (2016): “Financial integration and diversification benefits: China and ASEAN4 countries,” Managerial Finance 42, 496–514.
Google Scholar -
Pätäri, E./Ahmed, S./John, E./Karell, V. (2019): “The changing role of emerging and frontier markets in global portfolio diversification,” Cogent Economics & Finance 7, 1701910.
Google Scholar -
Patel, J. R. (2017): “Co-movement and integration among stock markets: A study of 14 countries,” Indian Journal of Finance 11(9), 53–66.
Google Scholar -
Patel, R. (2016): “An empirical study of co-movement in selected stock exchanges,” Asia-Pacific Journal of Management Research and Innovation 12(1), 23–30.
Google Scholar -
Patel, R. (2019c): “Wealth Effects of Bank Mergers: Evidence from Shareholder Returns,” The Journal of Wealth Management 22(1), 86–95.
Google Scholar -
Patel, R. (2021a): “ASEAN-5 and Indian Financial Market Linkages: Evidence from Cointegration and Factor Analysis,” Capital Markets Review 29 (1), 41–58.
Google Scholar -
Patel, R. (2021b): “Equity Market Integration and Portfolio Decisions: A Study of NASDAQ USA and MSCI Emerging Markets Asia Indexes,” The Journal of Wealth Management 24(1), 11–39.
Google Scholar -
Patel, R. (2022): “Market integration and portfolio diversification benefits: A study of selected developed, emerging, and frontier markets,” Journal of Commerce & Accounting Research 11(1), 60–70.
Google Scholar -
Patel, R. J. (2019a): “BRICS emerging markets linkages: Evidence from the 2008 global financial crisis,” The Journal of Private Equity 22(4), 42–59.
Google Scholar -
Patel, R. J. (2019b): “International trade and stock market integration: Evidence from study of India and its major trading partners,” The Journal of Private Equity 23(1), 90–109.
Google Scholar -
Patel, R./Patel, D. (2012): “The study on co-movement & interdependency of Indian stock market with selected foreign stock markets,” International Refereed Research Journal 3(2), 3–8.
Google Scholar -
Patel, R./Patel, M. (2011): “An econometric analysis of Bombay stock exchange: Annual returns analysis, day-of-the-week effect and volatility of returns,” Research Journal of Finance and Accounting 2(11), 1–10.
Google Scholar -
Patel, R./Patel, M. (2012): “A study of co movement and interdependence of Indian stock market with selected stock markets,” SS International Journal of Business and Management Research 2(5), 1–8.
Google Scholar -
Patev, P./Kanaryan, N./Lyroudi, K. (2006): “Stock market crises and portfolio diversification in Central and Eastern Europe,” Managerial Finance 32, 415–432.
Google Scholar -
Perron, P. (1990): “Testing for a unit root in a time series with a changing mean,” Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, 8, 153–162.
Google Scholar -
Pieterse, N. J. (2011): “Global Rebalancing: Crisis and the East–South Turn,” Development and Research News 28, 93–115.
Google Scholar -
Saiti, B./Noordin, N. H. (2018): “Does Islamic equity investment provide diversification benefits to conventional investors? Evidence from the multivariate GARCH analysis,” International Journal of Emerging Markets 13, 267–289.
Google Scholar -
Sheng, H. C./Tu, A. H. (2000), “A study of cointegration and variance decomposition among national equity indices before and during the period of the Asian financial crisis,” Journal of Multinational Financial Management 10, 345–365.
Google Scholar -
Vos, R. (1988): “Savings, investment and foreign capital flows: have capital markets become more integrated?,” The Journal of Development Studies 24, 310–334.
Google Scholar
Abstract
The objective of the study is to 1) examine the existence of portfolio diversification opportunities and 2) measure the diversification benefits. The study is performed on 14 markets (seven developed and seven emerging markets) covering a period from January 2010 to December 2020. The study is performed on E7 emerging markets (Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Mexico, Russia and Turkey) and G7 developed markets (Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, UK and USA). The results of correlation, Granger causality, and cointegration tests reveals the lack of short-term and long-term integration among the markets and existence of portfolio diversification opportunities. The study examines portfolio diversification opportunities by comparing non-diversified portfolios (home market) with diversified portfolios (equal weighted portfolios, minimum variance portfolios, and maximum Sharpe portfolio). Investors from developed markets can gain better returns, lower risk, and a higher Sharpe ratio with portfolio diversification in emerging markets. Investors have a significant reduction in their portfolio risk and an increase in their Sharpe ratio with investment diversification.
Table of Contents
Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
---|---|---|---|
Ritesh Patel: Do Portfolio Diversification Benefits Exist? A Study of Selected Developed and Emerging Markets | 177 | ||
Abstract | 177 | ||
1. Introduction | 177 | ||
2. Literature Review | 179 | ||
3. Empirical Framework | 180 | ||
4. Empirical Findings | 183 | ||
4.1 Market Integration Analysis | 183 | ||
4.1.1 Descriptive Statistics | 183 | ||
4.1.2 Correlation | 183 | ||
4.1.3 Unit Root Test | 177 | ||
4.1.4 Granger Causality Test | 177 | ||
4.1.5 Cointegration Analysis | 177 | ||
4.2 Portfolio Diversification Benefits | 177 | ||
4.3 Gains from International Diversification | 177 | ||
5. Conclusion | 177 | ||
References | 177 |