Pro und contra Crowding-Out Zur Stichhaltigkeit dreier populärer Argumente
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Pro und contra Crowding-Out Zur Stichhaltigkeit dreier populärer Argumente
Credit and Capital Markets – Kredit und Kapital, Vol. 16 (1983), Iss. 4 : pp. 488–512
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Werner Sinn, Hans
References
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Abstract
Pro and Contra Crowding Out On the Soundness of Three Popular Arguments
Three assertions repeatedly brought foward to demonstrate the inefficiency of Keynesian demand policy are criticized in this essay. The first is that demand policy to combat the current recession is ineffective because adequate supply is lacking. This argument fails to appreciate that voluntary underemployment must be demandinduced if, as would seem to be the actual case in the Federal Republic of Germany, the trend of the real wage rate does not lie above that obtaining prior to the recession. The second argument is that credit-financed spending programmes are less suitable for stimulating economic activity than such programmes financed by tax increases, because credit financing imposes a greater burden on the capital markets. This assertion presupposes implicitly a wealth-dependent demand for money, which lacks all empirical and theoretical justification. Without any wealth-dependence of the demand for money, both measures are on a par with each other with respect to crowding out private investments. Lastly it is argued that under flexible exchange rates and perfect international capital movements, government demand policy would be completely offset by counteracting exchange rate changes. The problem with this predication is that it can apply only if non-speculative exchange rate expectations are assumed in addition. Under the conventional assumption of speculative exchange rate expectaions, Keynesian demand policy remains effective despite perfect capital mobility.