Co-creation as a Form of Citizen Science in Kazakhstan: An Ethnographic Roadtrip in Visual Storytelling and Authorship
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Cite JOURNAL ARTICLE
Style
Format
Co-creation as a Form of Citizen Science in Kazakhstan: An Ethnographic Roadtrip in Visual Storytelling and Authorship
La Mela, Verena | Yakupov, Bakhytzhan
Sociologus, Vol. 73(2023), Iss. 2 : pp. 151–175 | First published online: December 04, 2025
Additional Information
Article Details
Pricing
Author Details
Verena La Mela, Institut für Ethnologie, Centre for Asian and Transcultural Studies, Universität Heidelberg, Voßstraße 2, Gebäude 4110, 69115 Heidelberg.
Bakhytzhan Yakupov, independent photographer, Almaty (Kazakhstan), contact via Verena La Mela.
References
-
Albrecht, Judith, Tomás Criado, Ignacio Farías, Andrew Gilbert, Carla J. Maier, and Nasima Selim. 2025. “Multimodales Arbeiten in der Public Anthropology – A Map of Interventions und kein Territorium. Ein Manifest”. In: Public Anthropology. Wissenspraktiken und gesellschaftliche Interventionen der ethnologischen Fächer, ed. by Hansjörg Dilger, Gisela Welz, Beate Binder, and Thomas G. Kirsch, 479–496. Weinheim: Campus.
Google Scholar -
Anand, Nikhil, Akhil Gupta, and Hannah Appel, eds. 2018. The Promise of Infrastructure. Durham/London: Duke University Press.
Google Scholar -
Andueza, Luis, Archie Davies, Alex Loftus, and Hannah Schling. 2021. “The Body as Infrastructure.” Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space 4 (3): 799–817. https://doi.org/10.1177/2514848620937231.
Google Scholar -
Baumann, Benjamin, Sophie Strauß, and Philipp Zehmisch. 2024. “Ethnography and Inequality.” In: Global Handbook of Inequality, edited by Surinder S. Jodhka and Boike Rehbein, 649–680. Cham: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97417-6_116-1.
Google Scholar -
Biehl, João, and Peter Locke, eds. 2017. Unfinished: The Anthropology of Becoming. Durham, NC: Duke Univ. Pr. https://doi.org/10.1215/9780822372455.
Google Scholar -
Bonney, Rick, Tina B. Phillips, Heidi L. Ballard, and Jody W. Enck. 2016. “Can Citizen Science Enhance Public Understanding of Science?” Public Understanding of Science 25 (1): 2–16. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963662515607406.
Google Scholar -
Boyer, Dominic, and George E. Marcus. 2020. Collaborative Anthropology Today: A Collection of Exceptions. Ithaca, NY: Cornell Univ. Pr.
Google Scholar -
Cima, Ottavia, and Lucie Sovová. 2022. “The End of Postsocialism (as We Knew It): Diverse Economies and the East.” Progress in Human Geography 46 (6): 1369–1390. https://doi.org/10.1177/03091325221127295.
Google Scholar -
Clifford, James, and George E. Marcus. 2010. Writing Culture: The Poetics and Politics of Ethnography. Berkeley/Los Angeles/London: University of California Press.
Google Scholar -
Collins, Samuel Gerald, Matthew Durington, and Harjant Gill. 2017. “Multimodality: An Invitation.” American Anthropologist 119 (1): 142–146. https://doi.org/10.1111/aman.12826.
Google Scholar -
Crapanzano, Vincent. 1991. Tuhami: Portrait of a Moroccan. 6th impr. Chicago, IL: Univ. of Chicago Pr.
Google Scholar -
Criado, Tomás, Ignacio Farías, and Julia Schröder. 2022. “Multimodal Values: The Challenge of Institutionalizing and Evaluating More-than-Textual Ethnography.” Entanglements – Experiments in Multimodal Ethnography 5 (1/2): 94–107.
Google Scholar -
DeAngelo, Darcie, and Lee Douglas. 2023. “The Death of the Page: Image‐driven Scholarship, Image Ethics, and Rethinking Publishing Futures.” Visual Anthropology Review 39 (2): 289–296. https://doi.org/10.1111/var.12314.
Google Scholar -
Dzenovska, Dace, Volodymyr Artiukh, and Dominic Martin. 2023. “Between Loss and Opportunity: The Fate of Place after Postsocialism.” Focaal 2023 (96): 1–15. https://doi.org/10.3167/fcl.2023.960101.
Google Scholar -
Fortun, Kim. 2009. Advocacy after Bhopal: Environmentalism, Disaster, New Global Orders. Chicago, IL: Univ. of Chicago Pr.
Google Scholar -
Gallinat, Anselma. 2022. “The Anthropology of Post-Socialism: Theoretical Legacies and Conceptual Futures – An Introduction.” Critique of Anthropology 42 (2): 103–113. https://doi.org/10.1177/0308275X221095943.
Google Scholar -
Guichard, Martine, Tilo Grätz, and Youssouf Diallo. 2014. Friendship, Descent, and Alliance in Africa: Anthropological Perspectives. Integration and Conflict Studies, volume 10. New York: Berghahn Books.
Google Scholar -
Gupta, Akhil. 2014. “Authorship, Research Assistants and the Ethnographic Field.” Ethnography 15 (3): 394–400. https://doi.org/10.1177/1466138114533460.
Google Scholar -
Hecker, Susanne, Rick Bonney, Muki Haklay, Franz Hölker, Heribert Hofer, and Claudia Goebel et al. 2018. “Innovation in Citizen Science – Perspectives on Science-Policy Advances.” Citizen Science: Theory and Practice 3 (1): 4, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.5334/cstp.114.
Google Scholar -
Jenkins, Sarah Ann. 2018. “Assistants, Guides, Collaborators, Friends: The Concealed Figures of Conflict Research.” Journal of Contemporary Ethnography 47 (2): 143–70. https://doi.org/10.1177/0891241615619993.
Google Scholar -
Jobson, Ryan Cecil. 2020. “The Case for Letting Anthropology Burn: Sociocultural Anthropology in 2019.” American Anthropologist 122 (2): 259–271. https://doi.org/10.1111/aman.13398.
Google Scholar -
Joniak-Lüthi, Agnieszka, Alessandro Rippa, and Jessica Clendenning et al. 2022. “Demystifying the Belt and Road Initiative.” Fribourg/Munich/Boulder. https://bri.roadworkasia.com/.
Google Scholar -
La Mela, Verena. 2023. “Solidarity in Competition: Women, Trade and Social Networks in South-Eastern Qazaqstan.” PhD diss., University of Zurich. https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/238853/.
Google Scholar -
Lassiter, Luke E. 2005. The Chicago Guide to Collaborative Ethnography. Chicago Guides to Writing, Editing, and Publishing. Chicago, IL: Univ. of Chicago Pr.
Google Scholar -
Marat, Erica, and Botakoz Kassymbekova. 2023. “Reclaiming the Narrative. Decolonizing Central Asian Studies for a More Inclusive Understanding.” Newsletter Department of Political Science University of Florida, Spring 2023.
Google Scholar -
Middleton, Townsend, and Jason Cons. 2014. “Coming to Terms: Reinserting Research Assistants into Ethnography’s Past and Present.” Ethnography 15 (3): 279–290. https://doi.org/10.1177/1466138114533466.
Google Scholar -
Nesvaderani, Nat. 2025. “Multimodal Anthropology”. In: Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Anthropology, by Nat Nesvaderani. Oxford Univ. Pr. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190854584.013.649.
Google Scholar -
Sanjek, Roger, ed. 1990. Fieldnotes: The Makings of Anthropology. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
Google Scholar -
Sharipova, Dina. 2024. Post-Colonial Approaches in Kazakhstan and Beyond: Politics, Culture and Literature. 1st ed. With Alima Bissenova and Aziz Burkhanov. The Steppe and Beyond: Studies on Central Asia Series. Singapore: Palgrave Macmillan.
Google Scholar -
Shostak, Marjorie. 2000. Nisa: The Life and Words of a !Kung Woman. 1st paperback ed. Harvard Univ. Pr.
Google Scholar -
Simkin, Paulina, and Matthias Schmidt. 2019. “A Cup of Coffee in Bishkek: Insights into the Emerging Coffee Culture in Kyrgyzstan’s Capital.” Central Asian Survey 38 (4): 446–459. https://doi.org/10.1080/02634937.2019.1674782.
Google Scholar -
Smith, Linda Tuhiwai. 2021. Decolonizing Methodologies: Research and Indigenous Peoples. 3rd edition. New York, NY/Dublin: Bloomsbury Academic.
Google Scholar -
Sopranzetti, Claudio. 2021. The King of Bangkok. With Sara Fabbri and Chiara Natalucci. EthnoGRAPHIC Ser. Toronto: Univ. of Toronto Pr.
Google Scholar -
Strasser, Bruno J., Jérôme Baudry, Dana Mahr, Gabriela Sanchez, and Elise Tancoigne. 2018. “‘Citizen Science’? Rethinking Science and Public Participation.” Science & Technology Studies 32 (2): 52–76. https://doi.org/10.23987/sts.60425.
Google Scholar -
Tillmann-Healy, Lisa M. 2003. “Friendship as Method”. Qualitative Inquiry 9 (5): 729–749. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077800403254894.
Google Scholar -
Truelove, Yaffa, and Hanna A. Ruszczyk. 2022. “Bodies as Urban Infrastructure: Gender, Intimate Infrastructures and Slow Infrastructural Violence.” Political Geography 92 (January): 102492. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2021.102492.
Google Scholar -
Venkatesan, Soumhya. 2024. Decolonizing Anthropology: An Introduction. Decolonizing the Curriculum. Cambridge/Hoboken: Polity.
Google Scholar -
Verdery, Katherine. 1991. “Theorizing Socialism: A Prologue to the ‘Transition.’” American Ethnologist 18 (3): 419–439.
Google Scholar -
Zenker, Olaf, and Anna-Lena Wolf. 2024. “Introduction to the Special Issue ‘Justice in the Anthropocene’: Towards a New Anthropology of Justice in the Anthropocene: Anthropological (Re)Turns.” Zeitschrift Für Ethnologie/Journal of Social and Cultural Anthropology 149 (2): 198–216. https://doi.org/10.60827/ZFE/JSCA.V149I2.1921.
Google Scholar -
Zenker, Olaf, and Karsten Kumoll. 2010. Beyond Writing Culture: Current Intersections of Epistemologies and Representational Practices. Oxford/New York, NY: Berghahn Books.
Google Scholar
Abstract
Co-creation as a Form of Citizen Science in Kazakhstan: An Ethnographic Roadtrip in Visual Storytelling and Authorship
This article proposes a step towards epistemic justice through co-creation as a form of citizen science. It explores co-creation as a methodology in the context of ethnographic field research conducted in southeastern Kazakhstan. During a research trip, the author hired a local taxi driver, who was also a photographer. He unexpectedly contributed to the research by bringing his own camera equipment and documenting the process from his personal perspective, both visually and conceptually. Through his photographs, he became a co-creator of knowledge, offering unique visual insights into fieldwork and highlighting alternative viewpoints on research and regional conditions. The article presents and analyses his images, discussing their role in knowledge production and the broader implications for participatory methodologies. Furthermore, it examines local perceptions of infrastructure development and neglect within the framework of the Belt and Road Initiative. By integrating these perspectives, this article contributes to ongoing debates on citizen science, emphasizing the value of inclusivity and co-creation in academic research.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Verena La Mela / Bakhytzhan Yakupov: Co-creation as a Form of Citizen Science in Kazakhstan: An Ethnographic Roadtrip in Visual Storytelling and Authorship | 151 | ||
| Abstract | 151 | ||
| 1. Introduction | 151 | ||
| 2. Co-creation by Coincidence | 153 | ||
| 3. Products of Co-creation | 156 | ||
| 3.1 Coffee | 156 | ||
| Affordances | 157 | ||
| 3.2 Emptiness | 159 | ||
| Affordances | 160 | ||
| 3.3 Rail Kill | 161 | ||
| Affordances | 162 | ||
| 3.4 Friendship | 163 | ||
| Affordances | 164 | ||
| 3.5 Passage | 165 | ||
| Affordances | 166 | ||
| 4. Constraints of Co-creation and Ways Out | 167 | ||
| 4.1 Time, Money, and Unequal Access to Resources | 167 | ||
| 4.2 Ways Out | 169 | ||
| 5. Towards a Methodology of Co-creation and Limitations of Citizen Science | 170 | ||
| 6. Conclusion | 171 | ||
| References | 172 |