Jewish or Common Heritage?

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Jewish or Common Heritage?
Appropriation of Synagogues in East-Central Europe since 1945
Editors: Henschel, Christhardt | Leiserowitz, Ruth | Lenartowicz, Kamila | Menter, Neele | Światowy, Zuzanna
Einzelveröffentlichungen des Deutschen Historischen Instituts Warschau, Vol. 49
(2024)
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Abstract
Die verwaiste Synagoge im städtischen Raum - wie setzen wir uns mit ihr auseinander? Auf den ersten Blick ist dies eine Frage, die in den Rahmen des zeitgenössischen, im nordamerikanischen Kontext entwickelten Konzepts der Critical Heritage Studies fällt. Allerdings befinden sich die in Augenschein genommenen Synagogen vor allem in Mittel- und Osteuropa, in verschiedenen polnischen Regionen, Litauen, der Tschechischen Republik, Kroatien, Ungarn, den westrumänischen Städten Oradea und Timişoara sowie in der Ukraine und Weißrussland.Dafür musste das Forschungskonzept in vielerlei Hinsicht an die regionalen Spezifika angepasst werden: Es lassen sich eine Reihe von Prozessen beobachten, die bisher wenig beschriebene Phasen, Dynamiken und Intensitäten aufweisen und durch Phänomene wie Entdämonisierung, Entideologisierung und Kontextualisierung, aber auch durch Aneignung, Korrektur- oder Verbesserungsversuche der Erhaltungspraxis gekennzeichnet sind. Der Band versammelt Analysen aus sehr unterschiedlichen Perspektiven - von transnationalen Ansätzen über Konzepte von Fachleuten bis hin zu Berichten lokaler Initiativen.The orphaned synagogue in the urban space. How do we engage with it? At first glance, this is the question within the scope of the contemporary concept of Critical Heritage Studies, which originates from the North American context. However, the alleged synagogues are located primarily in Central and Eastern Europe, in various Polish regions, Lithuania, the Czech Republic, Croatia, Hungary, the western Romanian cities of Oradea and Timişoara, and in Ukraine and Belarus.In this case, the chosen concept must be adapted in many respects. As a result of these adaptations, a series of processes can be observed here, that show phases, dynamics, and intensities that have been little described so far and are characterized by phenomena such as de-demonization, de-ideologization, contextualization, appropriation, attempts to correct or improve conservation practices. The volume brings together analyses from very different perspectives - from transnational approaches to concepts from experts and reports from local initiatives.
Table of Contents
Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
---|---|---|---|
Table of contents | 5 | ||
Editorial | 9 | ||
Christhardt Henschel / Ulrich Knufinke / Ruth Leiserowitz / Kamila Lenartowicz / Neele Menter / Zuzanna Światowy: Introduction | 11 | ||
About the contributions | 12 | ||
I. General and Personal Approaches | 13 | ||
II. The Use and Re-Use of Synagogues and Their Objects 1945–1990 | 14 | ||
III. Studies Through the Local Lens | 15 | ||
IV. Individual Objects and Historical Perspectives: Transformation Periods and the Competition of Concepts | 16 | ||
Conclusions | 18 | ||
Periodization | 18 | ||
The status of synagogues | 18 | ||
Symbolic values | 19 | ||
Heritage and heritagization | 19 | ||
Preservation, reconstruction – the material aspect of cultural heritage and heritagization | 20 | ||
Jewish heritage tourism | 21 | ||
Agenda | 22 | ||
I. General and Personal Approaches | 25 | ||
Eleonora Bergman: Is There Any Good Future for Synagogue Buildings in Poland? | 27 | ||
Abstract | 27 | ||
Keywords | 27 | ||
Eugeny Kotlyar: Synagogues in the Age of Ukraine’s Independence. The Rediscovery and Renovation of the Architectural Heritage | 33 | ||
Abstract | 33 | ||
Keywords | 34 | ||
Introduction | 34 | ||
Synagogues and Jewish revival in independent Ukraine | 38 | ||
The rediscovery, restitution and reconstruction of old synagogues and the construction of new ones | 40 | ||
Synagogues on the map of Hasidic pilgrimage: From the revitalization of the sacred landscape to the construction of memory | 45 | ||
Karaite kenasses: Architectural heritage in light of the demographic crisis | 47 | ||
The museumization of preserved and destroyed synagogues: Problems and solutions | 49 | ||
Conclusions | 50 | ||
Piotr Puchta: Preservation of Material Jewish Heritage in Poland – Challenges and Prospects, as Seen from the Position of the Foundation for the Preservation of Jewish Heritage in Poland (FODŻ) | 53 | ||
Abstract | 53 | ||
Keywords | 53 | ||
Selected aspects of the comprehensive strategy for the preservation of Jewish cultural heritage sites in Poland | 55 | ||
Preservation of material Jewish heritage sites other than cemeteries | 58 | ||
Conclusion | 61 | ||
Ruth Ellen Gruber: From Dark Tourism to Destination Culture. The Evolution of Jewish Heritage Travel | 63 | ||
Abstract | 63 | ||
Keywords | 63 | ||
Dark | 66 | ||
Openings | 68 | ||
Logistics | 74 | ||
Changes | 76 | ||
Convergence | 80 | ||
Questions | 83 | ||
II. The Use and Re-use of Synagogues and Their Objects 1945–1990 | 85 | ||
Kinga Migalska: The Meaning of Objects. Judaic Exhibitions Organized at Synagogues in Poland (1945–1989) | 87 | ||
Abstract | 87 | ||
Keywords | 87 | ||
Content of exhibitions | 90 | ||
The issue of the Holocaust | 96 | ||
Exhibitions of Judaica in the context of the collective memory of Polish Jews in Communist Poland | 100 | ||
Conclusion | 101 | ||
Christhardt Henschel: Diplomacy through Synagogues? Jewish Sites and State Politics in Communist Poland | 103 | ||
Abstract | 103 | ||
Keywords | 103 | ||
Introduction: The Protestant pope in a Polish synagogue | 103 | ||
From pragmatism through ideology to antisemitism: Jewish sites in postwar Poland, 1945–1968 | 106 | ||
Détente from a position of vulnerability: Jewish sites and diplomacy in the 1970s | 114 | ||
The last years of Communism: Synagogues between politics and system transformation | 120 | ||
Conclusion: Synagogues as seismographs of Polish-Jewish relations | 125 | ||
Valeria Rainoldi: Italian Synagogues in Israel. The Case of Conegliano, ‘From Death to Life’ | 129 | ||
Abstract | 129 | ||
Keywords | 129 | ||
Introduction | 130 | ||
The transfer of the synagogue of Conegliano from Italy to Israel | 131 | ||
Legal matter | 138 | ||
Last thoughts | 140 | ||
Júlia Csejdy: Approaches by the Scientific Community and Decision Makers toward Jewish Built Heritage between 1945 and 1989 in Hungary. A Case Study of Two Orthodox Synagogues in Mád and Tállya | 143 | ||
Abstract | 143 | ||
Keywords | 144 | ||
A briefing on the history of research on Jewish built heritage in Hungary | 144 | ||
Before World War II | 144 | ||
After World War II up to 1989 | 149 | ||
The synagogues in Mád and Tállya | 154 | ||
Neglect or development – the different fates of the two synagogues after 1945 | 158 | ||
Conclusion | 161 | ||
Samuel D. Gruber: The Rediscovery of Jewish Built Heritage in Central and Eastern Europe, 1988–2006. A Personal Perspective | 163 | ||
Abstract | 163 | ||
Keywords | 163 | ||
III. Studies through the Local Lens | 175 | ||
Anna Klimovich / Alena Kuzmiankova / Olga Pavlova-Sokolova: Acceptance of Heritage or Cultural Appropriation? The Source of Jewish Heritage Safety and Development in Belarussian Small Cities | 177 | ||
Abstract | 177 | ||
Keywords | 178 | ||
Andrea Corsale: Experiences and Prospects of the Conservation and Promotion of Jewish Heritage in Oradea and Timişoara, Western Romania | 187 | ||
Abstract | 187 | ||
Keywords | 187 | ||
Presentation of the case studies and methodology | 188 | ||
Research findings and conclusions | 192 | ||
Michal Brandl / Anita Fiket: Synagogues in Croatia after World War II. Rijeka as a Case Study | 197 | ||
Abstract | 197 | ||
Keywords | 198 | ||
Introduction | 198 | ||
The history of the Jewish community in Rijeka | 199 | ||
The synagogues of Rijeka | 203 | ||
Conclusion | 207 | ||
Melinda Harlov-Csortán: Synagogues in the Contemporary Hungarian Countryside | 209 | ||
Abstract | 209 | ||
Keywords | 209 | ||
Synagogues as places of worshipping | 212 | ||
Synagogues as memorials | 213 | ||
Synagogues as monuments (with museums inside) | 214 | ||
Synagogues as heritage elements | 216 | ||
Conclusion | 218 | ||
Zuzanna Świątowy: Restoring Memory or Searching for a New Identity? The Synagogue and the Jewish Community of Dzierżoniów (Reichenbach im Eulengebirge) | 221 | ||
Abstract | 221 | ||
Keywords | 221 | ||
Introduction: Shifting borders and new realities | 222 | ||
The first and the second Jewish settlement in Reichenbach: From the medieval community to the modern synagogue | 224 | ||
From Reichenbach through Rychbach to Dzierżoniów: World War II and its consequences | 227 | ||
The fall of Polish Jerusalem and new prospects for the future: The fate of the synagogue and the Jewish community from the 1950s to the present day | 232 | ||
Aleksandra Paradowska: Synagogues in the Memory of Contemporary Local Communities in the Wielkopolska Region | 239 | ||
Abstract | 239 | ||
Keywords | 239 | ||
Renovation as an act of commemoration: Leszno | 241 | ||
Commemorating the building: Września | 244 | ||
Rubble bridge to the past: Rawicz | 246 | ||
Conclusion | 248 | ||
IV. Individual Objects and Historical Perspectives: Transformation Periods and the Competition of Concepts | 251 | ||
Arno Pařík: The Reconstruction of the Great Synagogue of Boskovice and Its Painted Decoration | 253 | ||
Abstract | 253 | ||
Keywords | 253 | ||
Renata Hanynets: Jankel Jancer Shul Synagogue – Preserving Jewish Heritage and Restoring Its Memory in Lviv | 263 | ||
Abstract | 263 | ||
Keywords | 263 | ||
Introduction | 264 | ||
The synagogue and the district | 265 | ||
Heritage and memory | 269 | ||
The future of the site | 274 | ||
Magdalena Abraham-Diefenbach: The Synagogue in Międzyrzecz. History of Various Attempts to Protect the Monument | 277 | ||
Abstract | 277 | ||
Keywords | 277 | ||
State ownership (1945) and inclusion of the synagogue building in the list of historical monuments in 1963 (repeated in 1976) | 279 | ||
After 1989 – communalization, restitution, local activism | 280 | ||
‘Chinese Synagogue’ | 282 | ||
Conclusion | 283 | ||
Kamila Lenartowicz: The Former Synagogue in Barczewo as an Example of the Challenges of Rural Synagogues | 285 | ||
Abstract | 285 | ||
Keywords | 285 | ||
What conclusion can be drawn from this description of the postwar fate of the synagogue in Barczewo? | 288 | ||
Monika Žąsytienė: The Imbalance between ‘Our’ and ‘Other’ Heritage – The Inclusion of Jewish Heritage in Local Identity. The Case of Švėkšna | 295 | ||
Abstract | 295 | ||
Keywords | 295 | ||
The extant Jewish heritage in Švėkšna | 296 | ||
The Situation in Švėkšna during the Soviet Era (1945–1989) | 297 | ||
The memorialization and adaptation of the Švėkšna Synagogue | 299 | ||
Contributors | 304 | ||
Index of Persons | 312 | ||
Index of Locations | 317 |
Chapters
Is There Any Good Future for Synagogue Buildings in Poland?
In: Jewish or Common Heritage? (2024), pp. 27–32
Synagogues in the Age of Ukraine’s Independence
In: Jewish or Common Heritage? (2024), pp. 33–51
Preservation of Material Jewish Heritage in Poland – Challenges and Prospects, as Seen from the Position of the Foundation for the Preservation of Jewish Heritage in Poland (FODŻ)
In: Jewish or Common Heritage? (2024), pp. 53–61
From Dark Tourism to Destination Culture
In: Jewish or Common Heritage? (2024), pp. 63–84
The Meaning of Objects
In: Jewish or Common Heritage? (2024), pp. 87–102
Diplomacy through Synagogues?
In: Jewish or Common Heritage? (2024), pp. 103–127
Italian Synagogues in Israel
In: Jewish or Common Heritage? (2024), pp. 129–141
Approaches by the Scientific Community and Decision Makers toward Jewish Built Heritage between 1945 and 1989 in Hungary
In: Jewish or Common Heritage? (2024), pp. 143–162
The Rediscovery of Jewish Built Heritage in Central and Eastern Europe, 1988–2006
In: Jewish or Common Heritage? (2024), pp. 163–174
Acceptance of Heritage or Cultural Appropriation?
In: Jewish or Common Heritage? (2024), pp. 177–186
Experiences and Prospects of the Conservation and Promotion of Jewish Heritage in Oradea and Timişoara, Western Romania
In: Jewish or Common Heritage? (2024), pp. 187–195
Synagogues in Croatia after World War II
In: Jewish or Common Heritage? (2024), pp. 197–208
Synagogues in the Contemporary Hungarian Countryside
In: Jewish or Common Heritage? (2024), pp. 209–219
Restoring Memory or Searching for a New Identity?
In: Jewish or Common Heritage? (2024), pp. 221–238
Synagogues in the Memory of Contemporary Local Communities in the Wielkopolska Region
In: Jewish or Common Heritage? (2024), pp. 239–249
The Reconstruction of the Great Synagogue of Boskovice and Its Painted Decoration
In: Jewish or Common Heritage? (2024), pp. 253–262
Jankel Jancer Shul Synagogue – Preserving Jewish Heritage and Restoring Its Memory in Lviv
In: Jewish or Common Heritage? (2024), pp. 263–275
The Synagogue in Międzyrzecz
In: Jewish or Common Heritage? (2024), pp. 277–284
The Former Synagogue in Barczewo as an Example of the Challenges of Rural Synagogues
In: Jewish or Common Heritage? (2024), pp. 285–293
The Imbalance between ‘Our’ and ‘Other’ Heritage – The Inclusion of Jewish Heritage in Local Identity
In: Jewish or Common Heritage? (2024), pp. 295–303