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Jewish or Common Heritage?

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Henschel, C., Leiserowitz, R., Lenartowicz, K., Menter, N., Światowy, Z. (Eds.) (2024). Jewish or Common Heritage?. Appropriation of Synagogues in East-Central Europe since 1945. fibre. https://doi.org/10.3790/978-3-944870-99-1
Henschel, Christhardt; Leiserowitz, Ruth; Lenartowicz, Kamila; Menter, Neele and Światowy, Zuzanna. Jewish or Common Heritage?: Appropriation of Synagogues in East-Central Europe since 1945. fibre, 2024. Book. https://doi.org/10.3790/978-3-944870-99-1
Henschel, C, Leiserowitz, R, Lenartowicz, K, Menter, N, Światowy, Z (eds.) (2024): Jewish or Common Heritage?: Appropriation of Synagogues in East-Central Europe since 1945, fibre, [online] https://doi.org/10.3790/978-3-944870-99-1

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Jewish or Common Heritage?

Appropriation of Synagogues in East-Central Europe since 1945

Editors: Henschel, Christhardt | Leiserowitz, Ruth | Lenartowicz, Kamila | Menter, Neele | Światowy, Zuzanna

Einzelveröffentlichungen des Deutschen Historischen Instituts Warschau, Vol. 49

(2024)

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Abstract

Die verwaiste Synagoge im städtischen Raum - wie setzen wir uns mit ihr auseinander? Auf den ersten Blick ist dies eine Frage, die in den Rahmen des zeitgenössischen, im nordamerikanischen Kontext entwickelten Konzepts der Critical Heritage Studies fällt. Allerdings befinden sich die in Augenschein genommenen Synagogen vor allem in Mittel- und Osteuropa, in verschiedenen polnischen Regionen, Litauen, der Tschechischen Republik, Kroatien, Ungarn, den westrumänischen Städten Oradea und Timişoara sowie in der Ukraine und Weißrussland.

Dafür musste das Forschungskonzept in vielerlei Hinsicht an die regionalen Spezifika angepasst werden: Es lassen sich eine Reihe von Prozessen beobachten, die bisher wenig beschriebene Phasen, Dynamiken und Intensitäten aufweisen und durch Phänomene wie Entdämonisierung, Entideologisierung und Kontextualisierung, aber auch durch Aneignung, Korrektur- oder Verbesserungsversuche der Erhaltungspraxis gekennzeichnet sind. Der Band versammelt Analysen aus sehr unterschiedlichen Perspektiven - von transnationalen Ansätzen über Konzepte von Fachleuten bis hin zu Berichten lokaler Initiativen.
The orphaned synagogue in the urban space. How do we engage with it? At first glance, this is the question within the scope of the contemporary concept of Critical Heritage Studies, which originates from the North American context. However, the alleged synagogues are located primarily in Central and Eastern Europe, in various Polish regions, Lithuania, the Czech Republic, Croatia, Hungary, the western Romanian cities of Oradea and Timişoara, and in Ukraine and Belarus.
In this case, the chosen concept must be adapted in many respects. As a result of these adaptations, a series of processes can be observed here, that show phases, dynamics, and intensities that have been little described so far and are characterized by phenomena such as de-demonization, de-ideologization, contextualization, appropriation, attempts to correct or improve conservation practices. The volume brings together analyses from very different perspectives - from transnational approaches to concepts from experts and reports from local initiatives.

Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Table of contents 5
Editorial 9
Christhardt Henschel / Ulrich Knufinke / Ruth Leiserowitz / Kamila Lenartowicz / Neele Menter / Zuzanna Światowy: Introduction 11
About the contributions 12
I. General and Personal Approaches 13
II. The Use and Re-Use of Synagogues and Their Objects 1945–1990 14
III. Studies Through the Local Lens 15
IV. Individual Objects and Historical Perspectives: Transformation Periods and the Competition of Concepts 16
Conclusions 18
Periodization 18
The status of synagogues 18
Symbolic values 19
Heritage and heritagization 19
Preservation, reconstruction – the material aspect of cultural heritage and heritagization 20
Jewish heritage tourism 21
Agenda 22
I. General and Personal Approaches 25
Eleonora Bergman: Is There Any Good Future for Synagogue Buildings in Poland? 27
Abstract 27
Keywords 27
Eugeny Kotlyar: Synagogues in the Age of Ukraine’s Independence. The Rediscovery and Renovation of the Architectural Heritage 33
Abstract 33
Keywords 34
Introduction 34
Synagogues and Jewish revival in independent Ukraine 38
The rediscovery, restitution and reconstruction of old synagogues and the construction of new ones 40
Synagogues on the map of Hasidic pilgrimage: From the revitalization of the sacred landscape to the construction of memory 45
Karaite kenasses: Architectural heritage in light of the demographic crisis 47
The museumization of preserved and destroyed synagogues: Problems and solutions 49
Conclusions 50
Piotr Puchta: Preservation of Material Jewish Heritage in Poland – Challenges and Prospects, as Seen from the Position of the Foundation for the Preservation of Jewish Heritage in Poland (FODŻ) 53
Abstract 53
Keywords 53
Selected aspects of the comprehensive strategy for the preservation of Jewish cultural heritage sites in Poland 55
Preservation of material Jewish heritage sites other than cemeteries 58
Conclusion 61
Ruth Ellen Gruber: From Dark Tourism to Destination Culture. The Evolution of Jewish Heritage Travel 63
Abstract 63
Keywords 63
Dark 66
Openings 68
Logistics 74
Changes 76
Convergence 80
Questions 83
II. The Use and Re-use of Synagogues and Their Objects 1945–1990 85
Kinga Migalska: The Meaning of Objects. Judaic Exhibitions Organized at Synagogues in Poland (1945–1989) 87
Abstract 87
Keywords 87
Content of exhibitions 90
The issue of the Holocaust 96
Exhibitions of Judaica in the context of the collective memory of Polish Jews in Communist Poland 100
Conclusion 101
Christhardt Henschel: Diplomacy through Synagogues? Jewish Sites and State Politics in Communist Poland 103
Abstract 103
Keywords 103
Introduction: The Protestant pope in a Polish synagogue 103
From pragmatism through ideology to antisemitism: Jewish sites in postwar Poland, 1945–1968 106
Détente from a position of vulnerability: Jewish sites and diplomacy in the 1970s 114
The last years of Communism: Synagogues between politics and system transformation 120
Conclusion: Synagogues as seismographs of Polish-Jewish relations 125
Valeria Rainoldi: Italian Synagogues in Israel. The Case of Conegliano, ‘From Death to Life’ 129
Abstract 129
Keywords 129
Introduction 130
The transfer of the synagogue of Conegliano from Italy to Israel 131
Legal matter 138
Last thoughts 140
Júlia Csejdy: Approaches by the Scientific Community and Decision Makers toward Jewish Built Heritage between 1945 and 1989 in Hungary. A Case Study of Two Orthodox Synagogues in Mád and Tállya 143
Abstract 143
Keywords 144
A briefing on the history of research on Jewish built heritage in Hungary 144
Before World War II 144
After World War II up to 1989 149
The synagogues in Mád and Tállya 154
Neglect or development – the different fates of the two synagogues after 1945 158
Conclusion 161
Samuel D. Gruber: The Rediscovery of Jewish Built Heritage in Central and Eastern Europe, 1988–2006. A Personal Perspective 163
Abstract 163
Keywords 163
III. Studies through the Local Lens 175
Anna Klimovich / Alena Kuzmiankova / Olga Pavlova-Sokolova: Acceptance of Heritage or Cultural Appropriation? The Source of Jewish Heritage Safety and Development in Belarussian Small Cities 177
Abstract 177
Keywords 178
Andrea Corsale: Experiences and Prospects of the Conservation and Promotion of Jewish Heritage in Oradea and Timişoara, Western Romania 187
Abstract 187
Keywords 187
Presentation of the case studies and methodology 188
Research findings and conclusions 192
Michal Brandl / Anita Fiket: Synagogues in Croatia after World War II. Rijeka as a Case Study 197
Abstract 197
Keywords 198
Introduction 198
The history of the Jewish community in Rijeka 199
The synagogues of Rijeka 203
Conclusion 207
Melinda Harlov-Csortán: Synagogues in the Contemporary Hungarian Countryside 209
Abstract 209
Keywords 209
Synagogues as places of worshipping 212
Synagogues as memorials 213
Synagogues as monuments (with museums inside) 214
Synagogues as heritage elements 216
Conclusion 218
Zuzanna Świątowy: Restoring Memory or Searching for a New Identity? The Synagogue and the Jewish Community of Dzierżoniów (Reichenbach im Eulengebirge) 221
Abstract 221
Keywords 221
Introduction: Shifting borders and new realities 222
The first and the second Jewish settlement in Reichenbach: From the medieval community to the modern synagogue 224
From Reichenbach through Rychbach to Dzierżoniów: World War II and its consequences 227
The fall of Polish Jerusalem and new prospects for the future: The fate of the synagogue and the Jewish community from the 1950s to the present day 232
Aleksandra Paradowska: Synagogues in the Memory of Contemporary Local Communities in the Wielkopolska Region 239
Abstract 239
Keywords 239
Renovation as an act of commemoration: Leszno 241
Commemorating the building: Września 244
Rubble bridge to the past: Rawicz 246
Conclusion 248
IV. Individual Objects and Historical Perspectives: Transformation Periods and the Competition of Concepts 251
Arno Pařík: The Reconstruction of the Great Synagogue of Boskovice and Its Painted Decoration 253
Abstract 253
Keywords 253
Renata Hanynets: Jankel Jancer Shul Synagogue – Preserving Jewish Heritage and Restoring Its Memory in Lviv 263
Abstract 263
Keywords 263
Introduction 264
The synagogue and the district 265
Heritage and memory 269
The future of the site 274
Magdalena Abraham-Diefenbach: The Synagogue in Międzyrzecz. History of Various Attempts to Protect the Monument 277
Abstract 277
Keywords 277
State ownership (1945) and inclusion of the synagogue building in the list of historical monuments in 1963 (repeated in 1976) 279
After 1989 – communalization, restitution, local activism 280
‘Chinese Synagogue’ 282
Conclusion 283
Kamila Lenartowicz: The Former Synagogue in Barczewo as an Example of the Challenges of Rural Synagogues 285
Abstract 285
Keywords 285
What conclusion can be drawn from this description of the postwar fate of the synagogue in Barczewo? 288
Monika Žąsytienė: The Imbalance between ‘Our’ and ‘Other’ Heritage – The Inclusion of Jewish Heritage in Local Identity. The Case of Švėkšna 295
Abstract 295
Keywords 295
The extant Jewish heritage in Švėkšna 296
The Situation in Švėkšna during the Soviet Era (1945–1989) 297
The memorialization and adaptation of the Švėkšna Synagogue 299
Contributors 304
Index of Persons 312
Index of Locations 317

Chapters

Book Chapter

Table of contents

In: Jewish or Common Heritage? (2024), pp. 5–7

Book Chapter

Editorial

In: Jewish or Common Heritage? (2024), pp. 9–10

I. General and Personal Approaches

From Dark Tourism to Destination Culture

In: Jewish or Common Heritage? (2024), pp. 63–84

I. General and Personal Approaches

The Meaning of Objects

In: Jewish or Common Heritage? (2024), pp. 87–102

II. The Use and Re-use of Synagogues and Their Objects 1945–1990

Diplomacy through Synagogues?

In: Jewish or Common Heritage? (2024), pp. 103–127

II. The Use and Re-use of Synagogues and Their Objects 1945–1990

Italian Synagogues in Israel

In: Jewish or Common Heritage? (2024), pp. 129–141

II. The Use and Re-use of Synagogues and Their Objects 1945–1990

The Rediscovery of Jewish Built Heritage in Central and Eastern Europe, 1988–2006

In: Jewish or Common Heritage? (2024), pp. 163–174

III. Studies through the Local Lens

Synagogues in Croatia after World War II

In: Jewish or Common Heritage? (2024), pp. 197–208

III. Studies through the Local Lens

Restoring Memory or Searching for a New Identity?

In: Jewish or Common Heritage? (2024), pp. 221–238

IV. Individual Objects and Historical Perspectives: Transformation Periods and the Competition of Concepts

The Reconstruction of the Great Synagogue of Boskovice and Its Painted Decoration

In: Jewish or Common Heritage? (2024), pp. 253–262

IV. Individual Objects and Historical Perspectives: Transformation Periods and the Competition of Concepts

Jankel Jancer Shul Synagogue – Preserving Jewish Heritage and Restoring Its Memory in Lviv

In: Jewish or Common Heritage? (2024), pp. 263–275

IV. Individual Objects and Historical Perspectives: Transformation Periods and the Competition of Concepts

The Synagogue in Międzyrzecz

In: Jewish or Common Heritage? (2024), pp. 277–284

IV. Individual Objects and Historical Perspectives: Transformation Periods and the Competition of Concepts

The Former Synagogue in Barczewo as an Example of the Challenges of Rural Synagogues

In: Jewish or Common Heritage? (2024), pp. 285–293

IV. Individual Objects and Historical Perspectives: Transformation Periods and the Competition of Concepts

The Imbalance between ‘Our’ and ‘Other’ Heritage – The Inclusion of Jewish Heritage in Local Identity

In: Jewish or Common Heritage? (2024), pp. 295–303

Book Chapter

Contributors

In: Jewish or Common Heritage? (2024), pp. 304–311

Book Chapter

Index of Persons

In: Jewish or Common Heritage? (2024), pp. 312–316

Book Chapter

Index of Locations

In: Jewish or Common Heritage? (2024), pp. 317–320