Expert Cultures in Central Eastern Europe

doi:10.3790/978-3-88640-421-6

Expert Cultures in Central Eastern Europe

Read now Download (PDF)

BOOK

Cite BOOK

Style

Kohlrausch, M., Steffen, K., Wiederkehr, S. (Eds.) (2010). Expert Cultures in Central Eastern Europe. The Internationalization of Knowledge and the Transformation of Nation States since World War I. fibre Verlag. https://doi.org/10.3790/978-3-88640-421-6

Format

BIBTEX

ENDNOTE

RIS

Download

Expert Cultures in Central Eastern Europe

The Internationalization of Knowledge and the Transformation of Nation States since World War I

Editors: Kohlrausch, Martin | Steffen, Katrin | Wiederkehr, Stefan

Einzelveröffentlichungen des Deutschen Historischen Instituts Warschau, Vol. 23

(2010)

Read now Download (PDF)

Additional Information

Book Details

Publisher Name: fibre Verlag
ISBN: 978-3-88640-421-6
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3790/978-3-88640-421-6
Edition: 1
Language: English
Pages: 272
License: Open Access https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Collections: NBE D&H
NBE HIST
Subjects: European history

Abstract

Das 20. Jahrhundert war das Jahrhundert des Experten. Der Aufstieg des Experten als eines speziellen Typus des beruflich qualifizierten Individuums war das Ergebnis zunehmender Verwissenschaftlichung von Wirtschaft, Gesellschaft und Politik. In seiner öffentlichen Funktion handelt der Experte stets im Spannungsfeld zwischen einem universellen Verständnis von Wissenschaft und den politischen Anforderungen, die der Nationalstaat an ihn stellt.

Der vorliegende englischsprachige Band fragt nach dem Schicksal des Experten in Ostmitteleuropa vom Ende der dynastischen Imperien nach dem Ersten Weltkrieg bis zum Untergang des Kommunismus. Diese multiethnische Region mit ihrer gebrochenen Tradition von Staatlichkeit und politischen Systemen bildet ein ideales Fallbeispiel, um die komplexen Beziehungen zwischen transnationaler Kooperation und nationaler Orientierung im Handeln von Experten herauszuarbeiten.The 20th century can be described as the century of the expert. The emergence of the expert as a specific type of professionally qualified individual was a result of the growing scientification of economy, society and politics. In his public function, the expert always operates between a universalist understanding of science and the politically defined requirements of the nation state.

This volume examines the fate of the expert in Central Eastern Europe from the breakdown of the dynastic empires after World War I to the end of Communism. This multiethnic region with its turbulent tradition of statehood and changing political systems provides an ideal case to reveal the complex relationship between the transnational cooperation among experts on the one hand and their national orientation on the other.

Section Title	Page	Action	Price
Table of Contents	5
I. Expert Cultures: Concepts, Questions and Research Agendas	7
Martin Kohlrausch / Katrin Steffen / Stefan Wiederkehr: Expert Cultures in Central Eastern Europe. The Internationalization of Knowledge and the Transformation of Nation States since World War I – Introduction	9
1. Technocratic Thinking and Technological Expertise	14
2. Expert Networks between National Loyalty and Internationalism	19
3. Reconsidering the Iron Curtain:Experts between East and West after 1945	25
Eva Horn: Experts or Impostors? Blindness and Insight in Secret Intelligence	31
II. Technocratic Thinking and Technological Expertise	41
Kenneth Bertrams: Planning and the ‘Techno-Corporatist Bargain’ in Western Europe and the United States, 1914–44. Diffusion and Confusion of Economic Models	43
1. The Techno-Corporatist Bargain: Scope and Limits of a Notion	45
2. The Experience of World War I	47
3. The Hooverian Momentum	51
4. A New Blueprint for Industrial Relations?	54
5. The Planning Alternative	57
6. Conclusion: From Cooperation between Classes to a Classless Society	60
Stefan Rohdewald: Mimicry in a Multiple Postcolonial Setting. Networks of Technocracy and Scientific Management in Piłsudski’s Poland	63
1. Scientific Management as an Opportunity for the Czechs to Become the ‘Yankees of Europe’	67
2. The Envy and Ideal of Polish Scientists: Czech Scientific Management	70
3. Dzieduszycki’s Mimicry of Ford: The Adaptation of American ‘Solidary Imperialism’	72
4. Polish Colonialism as Postcolonial Technocratic Utopia?	79
5. Conclusion	83
Elisabeth van Meer: ‘The Nation is Technological’. Technical Expertise and National Competition in the Bohemian Lands, 1800–1914	85
1. Before Engineering was National: Technical Expertise in the Bohemian Lands, 1717–1848	87
2. Technical Education and the Nationalization of Engineering in Bohemia, 1848-1914	90
3. The Nationalization of Bohemian Industry and Technology, 1848-1914	94
4. ‘The National Economy is Technological’: The Rise of Scientific Management in the Bohemian Lands, 1909–14	97
5. Conclusion	102
Valentina Fava: People’s Cars and People’s Technologies. Škoda and Fiat Experts Face the American Challenge (1918–48)	105
1. Limits and Challenges of Fiat’s ‘Do it like Ford’ in Fascist Italy (1918–43)	107
2. The ‘Czechoslovak Ford’ and Masaryk’s Czechoslovakia: Between Ideals and Pragmatism	109
3. Fiat’s ‘American Engagements’ in the Postwar Era	113
4. The Postwar Years: The Czechoslovak Path to Socialism and the American Model	115
5. Diverging Paths: Comparing the post-1945 Technical Missions of Fiat and Škoda	119
6. Conclusion	121
III. Expert Networks Between National Loyalty and Internationalism	125
Dagmara Jajeśniak-Quast: Polish Economic Circles and the Question of the Common European Market after World War I	127
1. Pan-Europe	127
2. Economic Circles	134
3. Freemasons	138
4. The Professional Network	140
5. Stranding	142
6. Conclusion	143
Ingo Loose: How to Run a State. The Question of Knowhow in Public Administration in the First Years after Poland’s Rebirth in 1918	145
1. Introduction and Theoretical Approach	145
2. Public Administration in the Wielkopolska Region	149
3. Conclusion	157
Roswitha Reinbothe: Languages and Politics of International Scientific Communication in Central Eastern Europe after World War I	161
1. Languages in International Scientific Communication	161
2. The Allies’ New Scientific Organization Including Poland and Czechoslovakia	162
3. German Activities against the Boycott	170
4. German Relations with Hungary: The International Zoological Congress in Budapest 1927	171
5. The International Congress of Historical Sciences in Warsaw 1933	173
6. The International Conference on Tuberculosisin Warsaw 1934	175
IV. Reconsidering the Iron Curtain: Experts Between East and West After 1945	179
Christoph Mick: Serving Two Dictators. German Scientists in the Soviet Union after World War II	181
1. Ideology and Politics	182
2. Survival and Professional Interests	185
3. Self-organization and Resistance	191
4. Conclusion	198
Pál Germuska: In a State of Technological Subjection. Soviet Advisers in the Hungarian Military Industry in the 1950s	199
1. The Soviet Advisory System in Central Eastern Europe and Hungary	202
2. Soviet Advisers in Hungarian Military Industry Companies	209
3. Conclusion	219
Sari Autio-Sarasmo: Cooperation across the Iron Curtain. Soviet Transfer of Technology from West Germany in the 1960s	223
1. Transferring Technologies: The Modernization of the Soviet Economy	225
2. Technology Transfer is organized	229
3. The Soviet Union and West Germany: Cooperation and Suspicion	232
4. Conclusion	236
Małgorzata Mazurek: Beyond the Iron Curtain. Experts, Consumer Rights and the Challenge of the Political in Poland (1980–89)	241
1. Polish Expert Consumerism in the Post-Stalinist Period	243
2. The Origins of the Federacja Konsumentów	246
3. Expert Consumers Association, Solidarność and the International Impact	248
4. Experts from the Democratic Opposition	249
5. Institutions and Ideas of the Solidarność Consumer Movement	253
6. Solidarność Experts and the Challenge of the Political in the 1980s	257
7. Conclusion	261
Appendix	263
List of Contributors	263
List of Abbreviations	265
Persons Index	269